ISSN 1410-5691 Vol. 15 – No. 1 / April 2015
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Vol. 15 – No. 1 / April 2015 ISSN 1410-5691 Paulus Sarwoto Literary Theory in Indonesian English Department: between Truth and Meaning I Wayan Mulyawan Three Dimensional Aspects of the Major Character in Oscar Wilde’s Vera Dwi Nita Febriyani Assimilation, Reduction and Elision Reflected in the Selected Song Lyrics of Avenged Sevenfold Adi Renaldi & Dewi Widyastuti The Inauthenticity of the Main Characters as an Impact of Totalitarian System Seen in George Orwell’s 1984 Tia Xenia Vowel Change Found in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The House of Fame: Great Vowel Shift Laurencya Hellene Larasati Ruruk & Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani The Resistance of Women towards Sexual Terrorism in Eve Ensler’s The Vagina Monologues Adria Vitalya Gemilang Another Side of Indonesian History of Communism in Leila S. Chudori’s Pulang Alwi Atma Ardhana & Elisa Dwi Wardani The Hospital as an Ideological State Apparatus and Disciplinary Agent as Seen through the Main Character in Kenzaburo Oe’s A Personal Matter Deta Maria Sri Darta Department of English Letters Levỳ’s Minimax Strategy in Translating a Popular Article: Universitas Sanata Dharma Theory in Practice Jl. Affandi, Mrican, Miftahush Shalihah Yogyakarta 55281 A Look at the World through a Word ”Shoes”: (Mrican, PO BOX 29, Yogyakarta A Componential Analysis of Meaning 55002) Hermawan & Adventina Putranti (0274) 513301, 515352 C.S. Lewis’ Use of Symbol to Express Christian Concepts, ext.1324 Stories, and Teaching as Seen in The Chronicles of Narnia: Fax. (0274) 562383 the Magician’s Nephew [email protected] Journal of Language and Literature Volume 15 Number 1 – April 2015 Executive Officer Editors Anna Fitriati, S.Pd., M.Mum Harris Hermansyah S., S.S., M.Hum. (Chair of the Department of English Letters) Adventina Putranti, S.S., M.Hum. Arina Isti’anah, S.Pd., M.Hum. Managing Editor Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum Language Consultant Sr. Clare Hand, F.C.J., M.Th. Peer Reviewers Assoc. Prof. Amporn Sa-ngiamwibool, M.A., Ph.D (Shinawatra University, Thailand) Prof. M. Luisa Torres Reyes, Ph.D. (Ateneo de Manila University, the Phillipines) Prof. Dr. Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo (Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta) Prof. Dr. I Dewa Putu Wijana, S.U., M.A. (Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta) Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A. (Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta) Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A. (Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta) Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A. (Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta) Journal of Language and Literature, published twice a year (April and October) for teachers and students, is issued by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), Universitas Sanata Dharma. It presents articles of the study of language and literature. Appropriate topics include studies on language, translation, and literary texts. To be considered for publication, articles should be in English. ADDRESS Department of English Letters - Faculty of Letters Universitas Sanata Dharma Jl. Affandi, Mrican, Yogyakarta 55281 (Mrican, PO BOX 29, Yogyakarta 55002) (0274) 513301, 515352 Ext: 1324/1322 (0274) 562383 [email protected] Journal of Language and Literature Volume 15 Number 1 – April 2015 C o n t e n t s Paulus Sarwoto Literary Theory in Indonesian English Department: 1 between Truth and Meaning I Wayan Mulyawan Three Dimensional Aspects of the Major Character 7 in Oscar Wilde’s Vera Dwi Nita Febriyani Assimilation, Reduction and Elision Reflected in 14 the Selected Song Lyrics of Avenged Sevenfold Adi Renaldi & The Inauthenticity of the Main Characters 20 Dewi Widyastuti as an Impact of Totalitarian System Seen in George Orwell’s 1984 Tia Xenia Vowel Change Found in Geoffrey Chaucer’s 36 The House of Fame: Great Vowel Shift Laurencya Hellene LR The Resistance of Women towards Sexual Terrorism 46 & Ni Luh Putu R in Eve Ensler’s The Vagina Monologues Adria Vitalya Another Side of Indonesian History of Communism in 57 Gemilang Leila S. Chudori’s Pulang Alwi Atma Ardhana & The Hospital as an Ideological State Apparatus and Elisa Dwi Wardani Disciplinary Agent as Seen through the Main Character 62 in Kenzaburo Oe’s A Personal Matter Deta Maria Sri Darta Levỳ’s Minimax Strategy in Translating a Popular Article: 75 Theory in Practice Miftahush Shalihah A Look at the World through a Word ”Shoes”: 81 A Componential Analysis of Meaning Hermawan & C.S. Lewis’ Use of Symbol to Express Christian Concepts, 91 Adventina Putranti Stories, and Teaching as Seen in The Chronicles of Narnia: the Magician’s Nephew Vol. 15 No.1 – April 2015 Literary Theory in Indonesian English Department: between Truth and Meaning Paulus Sarwoto [email protected] English Language Studies, Sanata Dharma University Abstract Literary theory in Indonesian English Department is faced with the questions of the integrity of theory and compatibility with local context. The integrity of theory found in other social sciences is absent in literary theory since it makes use of theories of other disciplines in such a way that it departs and yet relates to those theories in a new trajectory. Ecumenical posture should be the paradigm when approaching the plurality of literary theory. The compatibility with local context has to be understood in the interconnectedness of theory in the network of global academic conversation. The decision to use or not to use certain theory should not be driven by xenophobic views or the failure to understand the complexity of theory. In this perspective, truth and meaning are never singular. Keywords: theory, ideology, humanism, literature “To read in the service of any ideology is not to read at all.” (Bloom, 1994: 1) The above claim by Harold Bloom is what Oxford’s Professor of History, Edward based on the belief that literary criticism has Freeman said when refusing the to be objective not ideological or political. establishment of a Chair in English in 1887: Bloom argues the aesthetic value is objective and that literary reading should focus solely We are told that the study of literature on it. Reading a literary text with certain 'cultivates the taste, educates the ideological presuppositions, so Bloom sympathies and enlarges the mind'. These contends, will interfere fatally with the efforts are all excellent things, only we cannot to unearth the real meaning of the text. He examine tastes and sympathies. accuses that those – whom he cynically calls Examiners must have technical and the members of the school of resentment - positive information to examine. (qtd in employing ideology in reading a text do so Barry, 2002: 14) because of their inability to recognize and experience the aesthetic (Bloom, 1994: 29). This problem of methodology has been This argument between non-political and one of the heaviest challenges addressed to hence “objective” reading against political the literary studies as an academic subject, criticism is recuperation of the age-old first by Freeman and several decades later by problem of the literary studies’ academic Rene Wellek when requesting F.R. Leavis to standing. In fact, the problem with literary provide a more explicit theoretical ground of studies has been problematized since its his close reading method. Now when English inception. In the beginning literary study was studies becomes an established academic “merely” a section of language studies and the subject not only in the West but also in efforts to separate itself from the study of Indonesia, the debate in literary theory as language has always been met with the one the most important ingredients of theoretical questions of its methodology. As English studies is worth revisiting. I will 1 Paulus Sarwoto explore some questions of meaning and truth Putra Petir comic strip or Wiro Sableng are in literary theory in the context of Indonesian considered literature. The later definition is English Department. usually taught to Indonesian high school students: etymologically, susastra What is Literature? (Indonesian word for literature) is derived from Sanskrit i.e. su meaning good and sastra My experience in teaching the students of meaning writing so that susastra means good English both the Undergraduates and writing which is synonymous with belles Graduates indicates that they are not aware lettres. This definition leads to the of the complexity behind the definition of impossibility of defining literature objectively literature and tend to take it for granted that because the next question would be who has what is and what is not literature is the right to set the standard of beauty. Beauty unproblematic. Given this circumstance, it is is in the eyes of the beholders, so the saying understandable that when studying literary goes. A work considered beautiful by a theory, they are surprised by its range and certain community might be ordinary for scope and to find out that it often seems another. Since the definition of literature then unrelated to literary theory the way they depends on the “who” rather than the “what,” have imagined it. Clarifying the nature of the both Eagleton and Culler agree that literature object of theory is therefore indispensable is like weeds: ontological definition of them before discussing theory. is beyond objective formulation. The closest definition we might come to is that literature Let us look back at what Eagleton and is some kind of writing which for certain Jonathan Culler have to say about literature reasons people value highly. Fictionality, in their introductory books: Literary Theory: language estrangement and beauty function an Introduction (1983, revised 1996), and as non-defining features rather than the Literary Theory, a Very Short Introduction defining characteristics of literature. (1997). Both elaborate the complexity and problems of defining literature. Eagleton, for This elusive notion of literature explains instance, questions the once widely accepted the preference of today’s academia to use definition of literature: literature is the kind other terms, such as ‘cultural texts’ instead of of writing that uses language in a special way.