CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 2 New England Colonies 1640 Creating a New England KEY QUESTION What did the New Abenaki MAINE England colonies have in common? (part of Mass.)

r 44°N By the 1650s, settlers had fanned e v i NEW R HAMPSHIRE out across New England, bringing t Portland N Teach u their beliefs, religious disagreements, c i (1632) t c P E e enn W and political traditions with them. n aco Creating a New England n ok o S Although a number of colonies were

C Exeter (1638) established throughout the region, the Reader, Recorder, Reporter ATLANTIC New England colonies had much in et MASSACHUSETTS us OCEAN common. ch • What economic advantage did many New BAY a ss Boston (1630) n a New England Foundations Many a England settlers have over early settlers in t M ag g o no e u a 42°N New England settlers came from the h q p the South? (Many New England settlers were e Providence m Plymouth (1620) P a Mo (1636) W densely-populated eastern counties of affluent and were able to pay their own way PLYMOUTH Cape Cod CONNECTICUT England. They were used to living in across the Atlantic.) Narragansett RHODE 68°W towns and established similar settle- • Why do you think Rhode Island tolerated all New Haven ISLAND ments in America. Most New England (1638) English settlements, 1640 Christian denominations and Judaism? (Its 02550 miles settlers were also religious dissenters Modern state borders 0 25 50 kilometers who disagreed with the practices of founders believed in the principle of religious Pequot Native Americans tolerance for all.) 72°W both the Catholic and the Anglican churches. The New England popula- • Causes and Effects What democratic Connect Geography History tion was mainly Puritan, but had a large traditions did New England settlers establish? 1. Place Why did the colonies grow mainly north-south? numbers of other Protestant groups (Towns and churches were self-governing; 2. Make Inferences Why did most early settlements develop such as Quakers, Separatists, Baptists, Puritan men elected the Massachusetts along rivers and the coast? and other dissenters in Rhode Island. governor and legislature; voting rights were Most New England settlers came expanded in two states.) from the middle ranks of English society. Many were highly skilled and educated. As they were wealthier than most of the early settlers in the South, they were able to pay their own way across the Atlantic. Few were forced to become indentured servants, who sold New England Colonies 1640 their freedom in exchange for passage to America. Unlike the first Jamestown colonists, who were mostly young men, the Puritans traveled in “companies” Connect Geography History with their families, friends, and neighbors. Questions About an Established Church In all the New England colo- COMPARE AND CONTRAST Have students nies, settlers were aware that they were creating new societies in what was, compare this map with the map on page 69 for them, a new world. It is not surprising that they often argued about what and describe the extent of settlement it shows. direction these new societies should take. (The area of settlement doubled.) A major argument revolved around a single question: should each colony have one, dominant, “established” church, funded by the taxpayer? In Europe, ANSWERS each national government supported only one established religious group. 1. Place They expanded along the coast. Other groups might face persecution from the religious group in power. When the Puritans set up their society in Massachusetts, their church became 2. Make Inferences In a land without roads, the only established church in the colony. Other New England colonies were also settlements along coasts and rivers allowed dominated by Puritans, who tolerated some Christian groups but persecuted settlers to travel and stay in communication others. Only Rhode Island tolerated all Christian denominations, as well by boat. as Judaism.

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CONNECT to the Essential Question DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION: TIERED ACTIVITIES How did the experience of the early colonists shape America’s political and OBJECTIVE Debate the question: Did the New England colonists believe in freedom and social ideals? democracy? Ask students what they have learned so far that can help them answer this question. Basic On Level Challenge Students might mention: Have students reread from Help students develop Have students write notes • Dissenters spoke out for religious the beginning of the section, working definitions of about the relationship freedom and established colonies. looking for facts showing the freedom and democracy. between the New England • The Quakers challenged Puritan laws. attitude of colonists toward Have students use their colonists’ ideas about • Churches and towns governed themselves, freedom and democracy. definitions to evaluate the freedom and democracy and voting rights were extended. Have them list facts in a facts listed in the section. and the fact that many table, then form two teams Then have them form two colonies had one dominant, and debate the question. teams and debate the “established” church. Then question. have them form two teams and debate the question. 72 • Chapter 3 Democratic Traditions Throughout CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 2 the New England colonies, settlers established democratic practices and self-government. Colonists wove dem- ocratic practices into both their local More About . . . government and their church life. • The Congregational churches of Town Meetings the Puritans were self-governing. The town meeting is a form of local self- • In Massachusetts, Puritan men government established by the earliest elected the governor and the legislature. A modern town meeting English colonists in New England and still • Voting rights were expanded in Massachusetts and Connecticut. used there today. The term has specific • In the New England countryside, towns controlled their own affairs. meanings in New England: it can refer to Because of this democratic tradition in the region, the New England town an event at which the town’s eligible voters meeting became a symbol of local self-government. At a time when very gather, or it can refer to an entity—the Answer: few Europeans had the right to vote, New England became famous for its Many settlers in legislative body of a town. Increasingly, the the New England colonies democratic practices. came from the same part term has been applied to any gathering of During these early decades of settlement, Massachusetts had the largest of England. They were people who meet with a political candidate population and the greatest influence in the region. Its democratic political mainly Puritans who came from the middle or official to discuss topics of interest. trends, its religious beliefs, and the conflicts of its early years influenced the ranks of English society. course of American history. Democratic practices and self-government were COMPARE AND CONTRAST Describe the features that the New England features of the New 4 Assess & Reteach colonies had in common. England colonies. Assess Have students complete the Section Assessment. ONLINE QUIZ 2 Section Assessment For test practice, go to Unit 2 Resource Book Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com • Section Quiz, p. 52 TERMS & NAMES KEY IDEAS Interactive Review 1. Explain the importance of 3. Why did the Puritans leave England? @ ClassZone.com • John Winthrop • Roger Williams 4. Why was Rhode Island founded? • Pilgrims • Anne Hutchinson 5. In what ways were New England settlers different Power Presentations • Mayflower • Fundamental Orders from the settlers of Jamestown? Compact of Connecticut CRITICAL THINKING Test Generator • Puritans • Quakers 6. Analyze Point of View Why was religious • Great Migration tolerance an important issue for the early settlers? Reteach Divide students into five groups. Have USING YOUR READING NOTES 7. Make Generalizations How did the Puritans each group focus on one of the section’s main 2. Causes and Effects Complete the diagram that weave democracy into their political and religious headings and: you started at the beginning of this section. life? • find the main idea of the text under the 8. Connect to Today What modern American Cause Effect values might be familiar to a 17th-century Puritan? heading

Pilgrims settled in 9. Writing Research Report Mary Dyer broke • find at least two supporting details America. Puritan laws by returning to Massachusetts. This was an act of civil disobedience. Write a paper about Have a volunteer from each group write this other historical figures who used this form of protest. information on the board, under the heading.

Unit 2 Resource Book • Reteaching Activity, p. 56 The English Establish 13 Colonies 73

SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT ANSWERS

Terms & Names Critical Thinking 1. John Winthrop, p. 67; Pilgrims, p. 68; 6. Many settlers had left England because they Research Report Rubric Mayflower Compact, p. 68; Puritans, p. 68; were being persecuted. In the colonies, many Great Migration, p. 68; Roger Williams, p. 70; settlers did not want to pay taxes to support a Content Accuracy Anne Hutchinson, p. 70; Fundamental Orders church to which they did not belong. 4 excellent; well organized, no errors of Connecticut, p. 71; Quakers, p. 71 7. Each congregation chose its minister; male supported by research Using Your Reading Notes church members elected representatives; Puritans gathered in town meetings. 3 good; organized, evidence of few/minor 2. Cause—Separatists wanted religious freedom. research errors 8. He or she might recognize modern America’s Key Ideas work ethic, high regard for education, and 2 fair; disorganized, little evidence several 3. The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of representative government. of research errors England and faced persecution there. 9. Reports should discuss civil disobedience and 1 poor; disorganized, no evidence many 4. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island to use a historical figure as an example. Use the of research errors establish religious tolerance. rubric to score students’ reports. 5. They generally were prosperous, educated, and skilled, unlike most of Jamestown’s settlers. Teacher’s Edition • 73