C 0 A4 P R E HE N SI YE P L A N ENGINEERS for WALKER TOWNSHIP PLANNERS Schuyudll County, Pennsylumia SURVEYORS-

~ ENGINEERING CO. INC.

READING, Rockwood Center, P. 0. Box 157, Pottsville, PA 17901 I I I I I I I I COIMPREHENS IVE P- I I FOR I WALKER TOFJPJSHIP I Schuylkill County,Pennsylvania I I I I I I I I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN I Walker Township, Pennsylvania I Page Chapter 1. Introduction/Comparison ...... 1 I Chapter 2. Existing Land Use Characteristics...... 3 A. Historical Background B. Geology I C. Topography D. Soils E. Water Impoundment Site& I F. Wetlands Chapter 3. Existing Land Use...... 12 I A. Survey Data B. Existing Land Use Inventory C. Developed Land I D. Undeveloped Land Chapter 4. Population ...... 17 I A. Population Trends B. Population Projection I C. Age Distribution Chapter 5. Social and Economic Characteristics...... 20 I A. Municipal Revenues B. Municipal Expenditures C. Housing I D. Per Capita Income/Labor Force Chapter 6. Community Facilities...... 24 I A. Transportation B. Schools C. Cultural Facilities E. Refuse Collection I F. Utilities G. Recreation I H. Public Buildings I I I I

I Chapter 7. Relationship of the Plan to Surrounding Municipalities ...... 30 I Chapter 8. Goals and Objectives ...... 33 A. General Township Goals I 1. Residential 2. Agricultural 3. Industrial 4. Commercial I 5. Conservation I Chapter 9. Recommendations...... 38 A. Land Use B. Community Facilities I Recreational Areas Fire/Police Protection Library I Municipal Building C. Sewage, Water and Solid Waste Removal I Sewage Requirements Water Requirements Solid Waste Disposal I D. Implementation Capital Improvements Planning Land Use Regulations I Municipal Ordinances Flood Plain Management Ordinance I CONCLUSION I I I I I I I I

I Chapter 1. Introduction

In 1974, Walker Township, with the assistance of Penngast I Corporation, Tamaqua, drafted and adopted their first Comprehensive Plan in accordance with the Pennsylvania State I Municipalities Planning Code Act 241. This revised Comprehensive Plan will analyze the previous plan and provide an update to that document. I Several sections dealing with invariable items such as the history of the township, geology, etc., will be incorporated into this update in its present form. Other sections such as I population, housing, etc., will likely change. At this time, thanks should be given to the Walker Township I Planning Cammission and Supervisors for their guidance. The Schuylkill County Planning Commission and PennBast Corporation should also be given credit for providing basic data which is I made part of this revised Comprehensive Plan. I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I Comparison of 1974 and 1991 Comprehensive Plan

I Although concepts contained in Walker Township's Comprehensive Plan of 1974 have been retained, updates and additions to these concepts have been incorporated to reflect the seventeen years I which have passed since revisions have been made. Existing land uses have been altered to reflect a more factual overview on current uses. Right of ways for utilities have now I been included into the category on which they are granted such as agricultural or woodlands. I Locations of wetlands as defined by Wetland Inventory Maps have been included. The use of Comprehensive Plan mapping for accurate delineation of wetlands cannot be accepted as a general I practice for absolute delineation of Wetlands, but should be a guideline in the development of Walker Township. Population projections of past Comprehensive Planuing have fallen I short of actual population increases; therefore, the arithmetic projection only has been utilized in this Comprehensive Plan update of 1991. Furthermore, age distribution figures have been I introduced and are a vital planning tool that can be used to forecast future needs within a comunmity. The Comprehensive Plan of 1974 places no emphasis on development I of recreational areas or added police protection. The new updated comprehensive Plan of 1991 addresses the recreational possibilities more thoroughly and includes the idea of a I Recreation Committee being established. New recreational facilities and the addition of a police chief in Walker Township reflects the Townships willingness and ability to provide more I services to its residents. Road jurisdiction of Walker Township has been increased and places an added responsibility on current road maintenance I finding considerations and practices. I I I

I 2 I I I

I Chapter 2. Existing Land Use Characteristics I A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - SCWYLKILL COUNTY Schuylkill County, located in eastern Pennsylvania, was formed fram portions of Berks, Lancaster, and Northampton I Counties on March 18, 1811, by an act signed by Governor Synder. This act joined together several townships to form the County. Additional territory was added to Schuylkill County on March 3, 1818, from Columbia and Luzerne Counties I and was designated as Union Township. At the time of the formation of the County the original townships included Schuylkill, Brunswick, wanheim, Norwegian, Upper and Lower I Mahantongo, Pine Grove, West Penn and Rush. In 1880, small areas of Columbia and Lehigh Counties were also added to I Schuylkill County. The first people to settle in Schuylkill County were the "Pennsylvania Dutch," who settled in the southern and Western parts of the County, just north of the Blue Mountain. I These people raised products such as potatoes, rye, wheat, and corn to supplement the natural foods growing in the area. I In later years came the development of the coal mining industry. This industry occurred south of the Broad Mountain and Mahanoy basin. Agricultural operations Were not a dominant feature in or directly adjacent to the coal mining I areas. The lumbering industry made its debut prior to 1800 and I before the development of the coal mining industry. The lumbering industry developed along the which proved beneficial in transporting the raw material to I downstream markets. With increased operations of the coal mining industry came greater demands for lumber and wood products. I The coal mining industry enjoyed great prosperity as the "black gold" was found useful for the manufacture of iron and I the heating of homes. The depression of the 1930's saw a major decline of the coal mining industry. Coal began an upswing during World War I1 I but shortly thereafter, started declining again. The great canal building era of the 1800's provided for the transportation of coal, lumber, and agricultural products to I downstream ports and in return, the delivery of products to the County. The canals that were located in Schuylkill County were later taken over by the railroads and soon became I the prime mode of transportation for marketing the County's products. I 3 I I I REG10 NA1 POSITION I I I I I

I HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - WALKER TOWNSHIP Walker Township was formed from the southern section of Schuylkill Township in 1878. Schuylkill Township was one of the I original townships in the County, being detached from Berks County in 1811. The Township is located in the eastern portion of Schuylkill County. It is contiguous with the Borough of I Tamaqua and the Tamships of West Perm, East Brunswick, West Brunswick, Blythe and Schuylkill. The Township contains an area of 22.6 square miles. The population in 1880 and 1890 according to the census was 510 and 560 respectively. In 1880, the I taxation revenue of Walker Township was a total of $1,467.56. I PHYSICAL FEATURES The terrain within Walker Township is diversified - being mountainous, hilly and in some areas, level. I transverses the T0Vnsh.i~ in an east-west direction through the northern portion. Wildcat Mountah runs in an east-west direction through the center and southwestern portion of the Township. Between these two mountains lie the agricultural lands I of the Lewistown and New England Valleys. To the south of the Wildcat Mountain lie hilly agricultural lands. I The eastern boundary of the Township is formed by the which finds its origin in the mountains north of Walker Township. Beaver Creek originates in approximately the geographic center of the Township and flows in a southwesterly I direction. This creek joins Cold Run in the southern portion of the Township and both creeks eventually flow into the Little Schuylkill River. The Wabash Creek, located along the northern I boundary of the Township, flows in an easterly direction and empties into the Little Schuylkill River in Tamaqua. I Brushy Run and Stump Run originate in the Wildcat Mountain and flow in a southerly direction into the Little Schuylkill River at Webster and Reynolds respectively. I EARLY SETTLEMENTS The first settlement in Walker Township, which was at that time I still a part of Schuylkill Towhip, was made in the Lewistown Valley in 1802. The settlers were Gelplans and New Englanders whose well cultivated and fertile f- attest their thrift and energy. A portion of the territory was productive coal land, I north of Sharp mountain, which was owned and partially operated by the , Reading Coal and Iron Company. The villages of Schuylkill Township came into existence, principally, in I recognition of the needs of this industry, and have declined or grown, according to the transitory character of the inhabitants. I 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SCHUYLKILL COUNTY I I I I I I I I

The only settlement of importance in Walker Township during the I early years of its formation was Lewistown Village. Lewistown was a postal village and contained ten dwellings; one store, an Evangelical Church built in 1866, and a Union Lutheran and I Reformed Church built in 1834. I EARCY SCHOOLS The public schools of both Walker and Schuylkill Township's were ably managed. The first school built in Walker Township was located in the Cold Run Valley. It vas built in 1816 and was I used both as a school and a church. Due to increased population growth, additional schools were built in Reynolds, Levistown and New England. By 1924, Walker Township operated five school I buildings. Schuylkill Township continued under the old regime until 1837, when a board of directors favorable to general education was secured. They at once opened six schools. Previously, three "pay schools' were the only accommodations. I Fifty cents a month was demanded from each pupil by the schoolmaster for his services. I SOURCES: History of Northampton, Lehigh, Monroe, Carbon and Schuylkill Counties by Daniel I. Rupp. Harrisburg, I 1845. History of Schuylkill County by W. W. Hunsel and Company, , 1881. I History of Schuylkill County by the School District of the city of Pottsville, 1950. I CONCLUSION Over the years, Walker Township has remained an agriculturally oriented area. The communities of Lewist-, New England, I Reynolds and zehners presently occupy the rural landscape of the Township. Through planning, it is anticipated that the agricultural areas, both past and present, can be preserrred. The I Comprehensive Plan is an attempt to establish guidelines for future development which, if followed, will assist the community leaders in planning for a better community to serve future I residents. I I I 5 I I I

I B. GEOLOGYOFTHEAREA For the majority of the area, geologic formations provide the location of probable sources of ground water, minerals, oil, I gas, coal, and other valuable minerals. Detailed geologic information is essential for the proper design of dams, I buildings, and highways. The bedrock in Schuylkill County originated millions of years ago and consists of rocks which are classified as belonging to the Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian and Pennsylvanian I periods. The bedrock formed from erosional sediments that were deposited in a subsiding basin and covered by an advancing inland sea. These deposits consisted of mud, I sands, gravels, and calcareous ooze. The pressure subjected to these materials, over a long period of time, have turned the deposits into sedimentary rocks, shales, sandstones and I conglomerates. Over the millions of years, the earth's surface was subjected to faults, tilts, folds and uplifts, followed by erosion which exposed the rocks and formed the I present landscape of Schuylkill County. GEOLOGY OF WAtKER TOWNSHIP I The rock formations in Walker Township were formed during the Pennsylvanian, Mississippian and Devonian periods. The accompanying map shows the "Geology" of the Township and the I rock formations found in each period. The Pennsylvanian rock formations include the Post-Pottsville Formations and the Pottsville Group. The rocks of the Post- I Pottsville Formations consist mainly of sandstone and conglomerate. The quality of the ground water is generally high in iron sulfide. The rocks of the Pottsville group are I composed of conglomerate sandstone, some shale, siltstone, limestone, coal and underclay. The rock formations of the Mississippian period include the I much Chunk Formation and the Pocono group. The rocks of the Mauch Chunk Formation consist of shale, claystone, sandstone and siltstone. The quality of the ground water is usually I excellent and the quantity generally high. The rocks of the Pocono group include sandstone with some conglomerate, shale, siltstone and coal. The quantity and quality of the ground I water of the Pocono group is good. The rock formations of the Devonian period include the I Catskill Formation and the Marine Beds. The rocks of the 6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3ST NGIXEZL3G CO., EiC. -. -,--eers...o-_ - ?lanners - Suneyors I 3:Zsvi,lle. PA h Reading, ?A I

I Catskill Formation consist of complex shales, siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates. The rocks of the Marine Beds include fine-grained sandstone. The quantity and quality of I the ground water is generally good. As was stated earlier, geologic formations play an important role in determining the extent and location of ground water I supplies. The sandstones and conglomerates generally produce the best water in both quantity and quality. The shales are usually only fair water suppliers. Wells drilled in I limestone produce a large quantity of water but there is a risk of contamination due to the excessively permeable soil material over the limestone. I C. TOPOGRAPHY OF WALKER TOWNSHIP The accompanying "Topography' map depicts four I classifications of slopes that are found in Walker Township - 0% to 8% , 8% to 16%, 16% to 24%. and 24% or greater. The information concerning slope classifications vas obtained I from United States Geological Survey Haps. The four classifications indicated are more specifically I defined as follows: 1. Gentle slopes (0% to 8%) - Land classified as having gentle slopes is ideally suited for any type of I development because it is the most economical and most feasible to develop. The gentle sloped areas are suitable for either urban or rural uses, inclusive of agricultural uses. Flat sites found in the valleys along I streams are sometimes subject to flooding while flat sites on the ridges may not be easily accessible. I 2. Moderate slopes (8% to 16%) - Areas having slopes of moderate intensity are found throughout the Township. These areas also represent good sites for development. I 3. Steep sloped (16% to 24%) - Land in this category can be considered marginal as far as rural and urban development are concerned. While low density residential building is I possible and feasible on such slopes, as a rule it should not be encouraged as long as suitable land in the lower slope classifications is available. Drainage problems, I sewage disposal and accessibility should be carefully investigated prior to development. 4. Excessive slopes (24% or greater) - Areas with slopes 24% I or greater are sparsely scattered throughout Walker Township. In areas with excessive slopes, the problems I 7 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I MAST ENGINE?ZRING CO., INC. I Engineers - Planners- Surveyors Pottsville & Reading, PA I I

I encountered will be similar to those of steep slopes except the problems are intensified. Most of the steep slopes are wooded and it is therefore strongly recommended that development be discouraged on slopes 24% I or greater in order to preserve the areas for their natural beauty and enjoyment by everyone. I D. SOILS OF W-R TOWNSHIP The accompanying map entitled "Soils Associations' shows the principal soil series which are contained in the soil I association. The following is a description of the types of soil associations found in Walker Township. The soil series descriptions are named in order of their extent in the I particular association. A percentage of each association consists of unnamed minor soils which is also noted. I + Dekalb - Buchanan - Hazleton - This soil association consists of about 29 percent Dekalb soils, 9 percent Buchanan soils, 10 percent Hazleton soils and 44 percent minor soils. Dekalb soils are shallow to moderately I deep. They are usually found on gentle to moderate slopes. Hazleton soils are sometimes moderately stony but are less stony than Dekalb. Buchanan soils are I moderately vell-drained and are found on the gentle slopes. Almost all of this area has remained wooded and is generally too stony for agricultural development. Stoniness and drainage problems in the flatter areas I limit its use. + Udorthents - Dekalb - Hazleton - This soils association I consists of about 30 percent Udorthent soils, 13 percent Dekalb soils, and 49 percent minor soils. This soils association is found on steep slopes where hard I sandstones outcrop. The soils are moderately well drained, very stony and are usually found on moderately steep to very steep slopes. Practically all of this soils association has remained in woodland. It is too I stony for agriculture but has possible uses for recreation and wildlife sanctuaries. I + Leck Kill - Meckesville - Calvin - This soils association consists of about 30 percent Leck Kill soils, 25 percent Meckesville soils, 22 percent Calvin soils, and 23 percent minor soils. The soils of this association occur I on extensive areas of moderately rolling to hilly shale country. The soils are mostly moderately deep to shallow over red shale bedrocks. Shallowness and steepness of I much of the sloping land are principal limitations on the agricultural use of this area. Woodlands do well but are somewhat limited by drought. Shallowness to bedrock is I the principal limitation within this association. I 8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SOIL LIMITATIONS FOR ON-SITE S-E DISPOSAL The effectiveness and desirability of on-site sewage disposal I systems will be limited by the soils in the area and their capability to percolate sewage effluent. The following classifications, based on the soil mapping system of the United I States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, analyzes and evaluates basic soil limitations in Walker Township for on-site sewage disposal. The soils listed under degree of limitation are coordinated with the accompanying map entitled I "Soil Limitations for On-Site Sewage Disposal." I DEGREE OF LIMITATION Alluvial (Typical Flood Plain Soils) I Atkins Silt Loam Basher Silt Loam I Moderate Hartleton Channery Silt Loam ( 3% to 8%) Hartleton Channery Silt Loam ( 8% to 15%) I Hartleton Channery Silt Loam (15% to 25%) Hazleton Channery Fine Sandy Loam (15% to 25%) Leck Kill Channery Silt Loam ( 3% to 8%) I Leck Kill Channery Silt Loam ( 8% to 15%) Severe

I Andover Extremely Stony Loam ( 0% to 8%) Buchanan Extremely Stony Loam ( 3% to 8%) Calvin Shaly Silt Loam ( 3% to 8%) I Calvin Shaly Silt Loam ( 8% to 15%) Calvin Shaly Silt Loam (15% to 25%) Dekalb Extremely Stony Sandy Loam ( 3% to 8%) Dekalb Extremely Stony Sandy Loam ( 8% to 25%) I Dekalb and Lehew Extremely Stony Soils Dekalb-Rubble Land Association Hazleton Extremely Stony Fine Sandy Loam [ 3% to 8%) I Hazleton Extremely Stony Fine Sandy Loam ( 8% to 25%) Hazleton - Clymer Association, Gently Sloping Hazleton - Clymer Association, Sloping I Kedron Silt Loam ( 3% to 8%) Kedron Very Stony Silt Loam ( 3% to 8%) Kedron Very Stony Silt Loam ( 8% to 25%) Laidig Gravelly Loam ( 8% to 15%) I Laidig Extremely Stony Loam ( 3% to 8%) Laidig Extremely Stony Loam ( 8% to 25%) I 9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Lehew Channery Loam ( 3% to 8%) Lehew Channery Loam ( 8% to 15%) Lehew Extremely Stony Loam ( 3% to- 8%) I Lehew Extremely Stony Loam ( 8% to 25%) Meckesville Loam ( 3% to 8%) Heckesville Loam ( 8% to 5%) I Meckesville Very Stony Loam ( 3% to 8%) Meckesville Very Stony Loam ( 8% to 25%) Shelmadine Silt Loam ( 0% to 3%) I Shelmadine Very Stony Silt Loam ( 0% to 8%) Weikery and Klinesville Shaly Silt Loam (25% +%I I E. WATER IMPOUNDMENT SITES The water courses in Walker Township drain into the Little Schuylkill River and Schuylkill River Watersheds. Both of I these watershed areas are part of the larger Delaware River Basin. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Forests and I Waters, Bureau of Engineering lists four existing water impoundment sites in Walker Township. I Site #1, as noted on the accompanying map entitled "Water Impoundment Sites,' is the Rabbit Run Dam located on Rabbit Run. It is a 15 foot high earth dam once used for public I water supply and is owned by the Borough of Tamaqua. The dam has a drainage area of 1.6 square miles, has a surface area of 4 acres and has a storage volume of 6 million gallons. This dam is classified as a minor structure with a I nonexistent potential flood hazard. Site #2, is an unnamed dam located on Cold Run and owned by I Rosemont Campground. It is a 14 foot high earth dam and is used for recreational purposes. The dam has a drainage area of 1.5 square miles, has a surface area of less than 1/2 acre and a storage volume of 2 million gallons. It is classified I as a minor structure used to impound water for recreation. The flood hazard potential is essentially nonexistent. I Site #3, is Scheitrumpf Dam located on T-850 owned by Ralph Scheitrumpf . It is a 10 foot high earth dam used for recreation. Scheitrumpf Dam is fed by 12 natural springs and I discharges into Stump Run. This dam has a surface area of 1.5 acres and a storage volume of 1.2 million gallons. The I flood hazard potential is essentially nonexistent. I 10 I I I I I I I \NEST PENN I TQWNSHI P S-lkill County, PA I I I I I I kter cornses 1. BmShyRm I 2. CQldRm 3. StmqIBtm 4. Sc!ulyUt5llEver I 5. Rabbit Run 6. kver&edc I I 1. Rabbit Rm Dsm 2. Rcsemormt I)am , I 3. Scheitrumpf Earn 4. Beislers Darn- Information based I "~i'= on data compiled by the Department of 3?*2q Forests and Waters, of 25 Pennsylvania. I 5 .L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \ I I 0 0 loo0 .wo 1- >o :oca I

I Site #4, is Heislers Dam located on T-857 owned by Pearl Heisler and Leonard Ostergaard. It is a ten foot high earth dam used for personal recreation. Heislers Dam is fed by Beaver Creek and discharges into the same. This dam has a I surface area of one acre and a storage volume of approximately 1.7 million gallons. This dam is a minor I structure with a nonexistent potential flood hazard. F. WETLANDS Wetlands provide natural flood control, stabilization of I streams and rivers, improve water quality, aquifer recharge and habitat for wide ranges of plants and animals. I Wetlands of Walker Township as depicted on the "Wetlands Map" include areas of high water tables, lakes, ponds and flood prone areas obtained from Hational Wetlands Inventory Maps. I Determination of wetland areas include the presence of three major characteristics which include vegetation, soils and hydrology. I CONCLUSION In developing the Comprehensive Plan, geology, topography, I wetlands, soil associations and water impoundment sites will play an important role in selecting suitable sites for various land uses. The limitations imposed by these characteristics must be carefully examined. Geologic factors may affect the water supply I in some areas. Topography with slopes 24 percent or greater should be preserved for their scenic values. Development in these areas could prove to be uneconomical and a waste of the I Township's natural assets. The limiting factors imposed by soils will also affect future land development. Soils may be too wet or may have bedrock close to the surface. As the Township grows, I the characteristics of geology, topography, soil associations and water impoundment sites will be major factors influencing the I development of Walker Township. I I I I 11 I I I I Chapter 3 Existing Land Use

I A. SURVEY DATA Information pertaining to the existing use of land and land I area devoted to specific uses vas not readily available and therefore, had to be gathered in the field by the Consultant. The information dealing with the existing land use in Walker I Township, as shown on the "Existing Land Use Hap; was obtained from three sources. 1. County tax assessment maps for all parcels in Walker I Township were used to compile information pertaining to acreages of existing land use. I 2. United States Geological Survey maps were used to supplement the County tax assessment maps for the location of buildings, water areas and buildings. I 3. The Township conducted a field survey of the existing land uses in Walker Township in the summer of 1990. All existing Township roads yere traveled in order to update I and verify existing land uses. I B. EXISTING LAND USE INVENTORY The existing land use in Walker Township may be classified into two broad categories, which may in turn be subdivided as I follows : DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND I Residential Agricultural Commercial Woodland Industrial Water I public and Semi-public Roads and Streets It should be noted that in some cases only a small percentage I of a total parcel is actually used for the general identified use. However, the forthcoming percentages indicate the area I of the entire parcel. I I 12 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ezgineers - Planners - Surveyors I Toctsville, PA & Reading. PA I I TABLE c-1 I EXISTING LAND USE WALKER TOWNSHIP I 1990

I AREA PERCENT LAND USE (ACRESZ OF GROSS Residential 588 4.0 I Commercial 132 1.1 Industrial 3,112 25.6 Public and Semi-Public 3,003 20.8 I Roads and Streets and Railroads 255 1.8 Agricultural 3,126 25.8 I Woodland 3,040 21 Water 8 -3 I 14,464 100% SOURCE: Field Survey, 1990 County Tax Assessment Maps I United States Geological Survey Haps C. DEVELOPED LAND I Developed land includes all land which is used for any urban purpose and is characterized by structures, streets, or other improvements. In Walker Township, this constitutes I approximately 53.3% of the total land area and includes, as noted in Table C-1 "Existing Land Use,' residential, commercial, industrial, public and semi-public, road and I street uses. Residential I An overwhelming predominance of sparsely scattered single family residences is indicative of the rural character of Walker Township. Residential development has been restricted I for the most part by topographic conditions as the majority of residences are found scattered along Township roads. New homes that have been constructed are located either on private individual parcels or on lots in residential I subdivisions. A considerable amount of concentrated development has occurred in the New England and Reynolds I areas. 13 I I I I Approximately 588 acres or 4% of the Township's total land area of 14,464 acres (22.6 square miles) has been devoted to residential uses. Mobile homes used for residential purposes I have been included in this category. I Commercial The extent of commercial development in Walker Township has been mininlal. The residents commute to retail centers I located in nearby Tamaqua for the majority of their shopping activity . Commercial uses in the Township occupy approximately 132 acres of 1% of the total developed and I total land areas. Industrial I There are a total of three industrial enterprises, located in Walker Township. These include manufacturing industries for the production of ice cream and frozen desserts, fluid milk, egg packaging and explosives. There are two other uses in I the Township which can also be considered as industrial. They include the strip mined areas north of Sharp Mountain, and the Tamqaua &silting Basin operated by the Department of I Environmental Resources. Industrial development in the Township presently occupies appro-tely 3,712 acres or 25.6% of the total land area and a slightly higher 48.3% of I the total developed land. Public and Semi-Public I Public and semi-public uses (public and semi-public for the purposes of this report refers to the type of ownership rather than the specific use) account for approximately 3,003 I acres or 20.8% of the gross Township acreage and comprises 39.1% of the total developed land area in Walker Township. Included in the public and semi-public category are uses such as public buildings (churches, firehouses, etc .) , State Game I Lands, and water authorities. I Recreation Recreation areas have been included in woodlands or public areas which includes fishing and camping areas, sports clubs, I and municipal recreational areas. I I 14 I I I I Road and Streets Rights-of-way for roads and streets and railroads occupy I approximately 255 acres or 1.8% of the total land area and 3.3% of the total developed land area. As growth and development continues, land in this category will, of I necessity, increase as new roads and streets are opened. I D. UNDEVELOPED LAND Undeveloped land in Walker Township includes agricultural land, woodland and all water bodies. Of the total land area I in the township, approximately 46.8% is undeveloped. Agricultural I Agricultural land, which is probably the most intensive use of the land, has been included in the undeveloped land category. The number of individual farmsteads has been declining but the total acreage in agricultural I production has been holding steady. Of the total land area 25.8% or 3,726 acres is devoted to agricultural I uses. Woodland I Woodland is one of the most outstanding features of undeveloped land in Walker Township, occupying about 3,040 acres or 21% of the gross land area. The woodlands are mainly concentrated in the Sharp Mountain and Wildcat I Mountain areas of the township, but patches of woodland are also prevalent in other sections. Their greatest value as a land use undoubtedly lies in their natural I beauty which should be preserved. However, selective timbering will not only enhance the productivity of these areas, but also add to the overall community economy. I Water Water bodies and water courses cover about 8 acres of I land or approximately 0.3% of the total land area. I I I 15 I I I I CONCLUSION The existing topographic conditions in Walker Township will I probably be a limiting factor in developing a large portion of the presently undeveloped land area. The township's potential for development of residential and manufacturing I areas is extremely good since it lies close to the Borough of Tamaqua. The position of the Township is invaluable due to the connecting road network of Routes 209 and 309 with I the Interstate road network providing access to other market areas throughout the region. I I I I I I I I I I I I 16 I I I

I Chapter 4. Population I A. NATIONAL AND STATE TRENDS The rate of growth of the population of both the United States and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has been consistently increasing as indicated in Table F-1 "Population I Trends.' From 1980 to 1990, the united States population increased at a rate of 9.9% while that of the Commonwealth has experienced only a 0.15% increase. Economics and the I high rate of out-migration work hand in hand, therefore, improvement in employment opportunities must evolve before this trend can be effectively changed. I REGIONAL POPULATION TRENDS Table P-1 which shows "Population Trends' of the United I States and Pennsylvania also indicates the growth rate of Schuylkill County. Pram 1950 to 1990, the population in Schuylkill County has decreased, with the exception of 1980, I which showed a slight gain of 0.3 percent. I TABLE F-1

united States Pennsylvania I Amount/%Change mount/%Change 1950 150,697,361 10,498,012 1960 179,323,175" .18.5 11,319,366' . .-7.8 * -4.2 I 1970 200,251,326" -13.4 . .11.4 11,669,565' 1980 226,542,518" 11,863,895' .. .0.6 . 9.9 .. .0.15 I 1990 249,022,783" 11,881,643' Schuylkill County Walker Township I Amount/%Change Amount/%Change 1950 200'577.....13.7 697..690 .. -1 1960 173,027 .7.5 1970 160,089 ...... 4.5 * -0.3 I 1980 160,630 . .. . 730..884949.....7.4 ..21.1 1990 152,585 ...... 5.0 I I I 17 I I I

I WALKER TOWNSHIP The population of Walker Township increased 1% during the period 1950-60 and 4.5% in 1960-70. Schuylkill County had an average I decrease in population of 10.5% for the same periods with average increases in Pennsylvania for those periods at 6 percent. The largest increase of population for Walker Township occurred I during 1970-80 in which 154 persons or 21.1% was noted. State figures increased a moderate 0.6% in 1970-80 period and Schuylkill County increased 0.3 percent. During the period 1980- 90 Walker Township had an increase of 7.4% and Pennsylvania I population grew 0.15% with Schuylkill County decreasing 5 percent. For the period 1950-90 the average increase in population was 3.2% for Pennsylvania. Schuylkill County 's I population decreased by an average of 6.5% during 1950-90 period while Walker Townships average population increased 8.5 percent. I B. FUTURE POPULATION Population projections are essential for planning purposes. It is the population projection that serves as a basis for I the pattern of land use. The projection assumes that the existing social, economic and political forces will remain fairly similar to those that have shaped past population I growth and composition. It should be noted that population estimates for small areas are difficult and subject to greater error than estimates for I large urban concentrations. In the case of small population units, a slight error in estimate may have serious impact I upon the validity of the results. The length of the projection period is important. Obviously, the conditions that are likely to prevail within the next ten I years can be estimated with greater assurance than those that might develop over a longer period of time. The period of time in this study covers thirty years, from 1990 to 2020. I WALKER TOWNSHIP I POPULATION PROJECTION 1990 e 2010 2020 I Arithmetic Projection 949 970 993 1015 I I 18 I I I

I C. AGE DISTRIBUTION Latest figures available for Walker Township's Age I Distribution are indicated in Chart F-2. AGE DISTRIBUTION I WALKER TOWNSHIP (1987) Chart P-2

Age I Categories #Persons % of Population 1 to 13 187 22.5 I 14 to 21 12 1 14.5 22 to 44 210 25.5 45 to 61 194 23.3 I 62 to 85+ 120 14.5 SOURCE - U.S. Bureau of Census (1987). I CONCLUSION The Consultant anticipates that Walker Township will continue to I grow at approximately the same rate that has occurred between 1950 and 1990. The age distribution is evenly distributed across the various age groups. What is encouraging is the high percentage of young (Ages 1 to 13). This coincides with the I other high percentages in the (22 to 61) age groups (typical child rearing ages). Decisions made by local officials will affect population growth and in turn be affected by population I growth. It therefore becomes important that the projections of population be reviewed and updated on a continuing basis as changes in economic or development patterns occur. It is hoped that political decisions will encourage those younger individuals I to remain or return to the area to further fuel its growth. I I I I I 19 I I I I Chapter 5. Social and Economic Characteristics This section of the Comprehensive Plan will deal with I the recent financial experience of Walker Township and its residents along with housing statistics. I A. MUNICIPAL REVENUE As noted in Table 5 A-1, "Township Revenues,' total revenues show fluctuation yearly with prominent patterns. The largest I fluctuation being between 1987 and 1988. The major contributor to Revenue in the Township is taxes (per capita, I property, occupational privileges). Table 5 A-1, also presents a comparison of annual revenues from 1986 to 1990 indicating the major sources of such I income. Other major sources of income in Walker Township have been government grants. Government grants, in 1987 accounted for I 42.5% of the total revenues and account for 33.8% in 1990. Revenue derived from charges for services, licenses, and I permits has remained steady over the past few years, and has averaged about 3.14% per year. Revenue from fines and forfeits over the years and in 1990 accounted for 2% of the total revenues. Miscellaneous revenues have remained steady I throughout the period 1986-1990 averaging 1.9% per year. I B. EXPENDITURES Walker Township has basically four areas of expenses which consumed an average of 82.9% of yearly expenditures. The I yearly averages are Governmental (Government Administration) 14.8%, Public Safety 10.1%, Highways, Roads, Streets 40%, and Miscellaneous Expenses 13.8 percent. I Cultural, recreation and library expenses decreased to 0.4% in 1990, from 3.4% in 1986, while total revenue since 1986 I has increased 28.8 percent. Overall Township revenues and expenses have remained somewhat I constant over the study period. I I 20 I I WALKER TOWNSllJP REVENUES

Table 5 A-1 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Average % Assets 27,614 7,888 42,300 45,069 51,900 20 % of Total 17.9 6 25.1 25 26.2 Taxes 52.575 55.796 58,722 64,742 67,157 36.22 % of Total 34.1 42.3 34.8 35.9 33.8 Charges for Services 5,025 4,800 4,275 3,950 7,700 3.14 Licenses & Permits % of Total 3.3 3.7 2.5 2.2 3.9 Interest, Rents 3,700 1,850 3,350 I., 205 4,225 1.72 Royal ties % of Total 2.4 1.4 2 .7 2.1 Fines ti Forfeits 2,500 2,200 2,450 3.700 4,000 1.78 % of Total 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.1 2 Government Grants 60,090 56,357 57,504 58,364 59.618 35.68 % of Total 39 42.9 34.1 32.4 30 Miscellaneous 2,600 2,500 200 3,200 3 747 1.95(adj) % of Total 1.7 1.9 .1 1.8 1.9

TOTAL 3.54.104 131,391 168,801 180,231 198,438 100% WALKER TOWNSHIP EXPENDITURES

Table 5 B-1 Function 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Average % General Government 23,275 20.724 24,840 27,776 26,040 14.8 % of Total 15.1 15.8 14.7 15.4 13.1 Public Safety 14,300 12,500 15,450 27,650 25,650 10.1 % of Total 9.3 9.5 9.2 9.8 12.9 Highways, Roads, 75,304 59,260 62,760 62,872 66.819 40 -0 Streets % of Total 48.9 45.1 37.2 34.9 33.7 Culture.. Recreation 5,200 800 800 800 800 1 Library -; % of Total 3.4 .6 -5 .4 .4 Debt Services - 8,231 8,801 7,873 4,100 4.5 % of Total - 6.3 5.2 4.4 2.1 Miscellaneous 20,880 24,238 18,150 23,100 27.247 13.8 % of Total 13.5 18.4 10.8 12.8 13.7 Capital Reserve 15,144 5,638 38,000 40,169 47,782 16.6 % of Total 9.8 4.3 22.5 22.3 24.1

TOTAL 154,I04 131,391 168,801 180,231 198,438 100% I

I C. HOUSING An investigation and study of housing is a vital element in the planuing process since it provides the means of I determining the environmental needs of the various inhabited areas. Information in this section will be presented on the I County and Township level pertaining to housing units. Housinq Units Table 5 C-1 indicates that the total number of housing units I for the period 1970-1990 has increased both at the County and Township level. I Housing Conditions The condition of housing in Walker Township, based on the I field survey by the Consultant, is generally good. The possible explanation for such quality is the fact that the majority of housing units in the Township are owner occupied. I CONCLUSION New housing construction has rapidly increased over the 1970- I 1990 period. The Township is becoming a permanent residence for many people as is indicated by the number of owner occupied homes and the higher percentage of new units I compared to County percentages. Housing Units I Table 5 C-1 Schuylkill County Walker Township I Units %Change Units %Change 1970 57,880 12 241 35.7 1980 64, 825 12 327 9.8 I 1990 65,527 1.1 359 9.8 I I I II 21 I I I I D. Per Capita Income and tabor Force The medium family income in Walker Township is $16,708 with I per capita income at $9336 or 0.01 percent below Schuylkill Counties per capitanincome level. I Table 5 D-1, .Per Capita Income" indicates a steady increase of per capita incame of both Schuylkill County and Walker Township in the years 1983-1987. I Table 5 D-1 I Schuylkill County Walker Township Per Capita % Per Capita % II Income Chancre Income Change 1983 7490 10% 8343 6% I 1985 8339 10% 8901 4.6% I 1987 9389 11% 9336 4.6% Source: Pennsylvania State Data Center Families below poverty level in Walker Township account for 6.8% I while Schuylkill County's average was slightly higher at 7.7 percent. I Labor Force The Townships unemployment rate was 11.9% compared to the I County average of 8.2%. Sixty point two percent (60.2%) of Walker Townships residents are high school graduates and 2.6% college graduates compared to the County's 56.2% High School I graduates and 6.1% college graduates. The total labor workforce of Walker is 650 residents from its population of 949. This figure reflects persons within the I Township whom are over age 18 and earn in excess of $3200 per year. I I I 22 I I I

I CONCLUSION Walker Township has, although not entirely, relied upon government grants and real estate taxes for major sources of I income. As Walker Township continues to grow and develop, the needs and desires for public services will increase along with the need for additional revenues. This need will probably be I accommodated by an increase in real property taxes. The financial situation in Walker Township is good. The Township I has managed to maintain a surplus of revenues over expenditures. I I I I I I I I I I I

I 23 I I I I Chapter 6. Community Facilities

I A. TRANSPORTATION Walker Township, which is located in the eastern portion of I Schuylkill County, occupies a promising geographic location within the County. To the east of the Township lies which forms a connecting link with I Interstate Routes 80 and 81 to the north, and to the south. Pennsylvania Route 209, which runs in an east- west direction along the northern border of the Township, provides a connection with Pottsville and Interstate Route 81 I to the west and Stroudsburg and Interstate Route 80 to the east. I In Walker Township, as in other surrounding municipalities, the predominant means of transportation is the family car. Commerce and industry transport goods and services primarily I by trucking them to other areas. ROAD 3URISDICTION I All roads in Walker Township, as shown on the "Road Classification Map," are owned by the Township. I ROAD CLASSIFICATION Roads and highways in Walker Township can be divided into three basic classifications based on the volume of traffic I and the purpose they serve. The three classifications are as follows : I Arterial Highways Collector Roads Kinor Roads I The purpose of the road classifications and the analysis of the Walker Township road system is to enable the Township to understand its road system so that a priority system for road I improvements can be developed. I I 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ARTERIAL HIGHWAYS Arterial highways provide for the through traffic movement I between areas and direct access to abutting property subject to necessary controls, entrances and exits. Traffic volume on arterial highways is usually heavy in urban areas and I generally lighter in rural areas. The following roads in Walker Township can be classified as arterial. I U.S. Route 209 COLLECTQR ROADS I Collector roads provide for traffic movement between arterial and minor streets and direct access to abutting land. The volume of traffic on collector roads is generally low. I Traffic speed is also generally slow to moderate. The following roads located in Walker Township can be classified as collectors. I Collector roads provide for traffic movement between arterial and minor streets and direct access to abutting land. The volume of traffic on collector roads is generally low. I Traffic speed is also generally slow to moderate. The following roads located in walker Township can be classified as collectors. I T-850 T-858 T-857 I T-509 East toward Reynolds T-529 I HINQR ROADS All other roads in Walker Township have been classified as minor. Minor roads provide for direct access to abutting I land and for local traffic movements. I CONCLUSION The road system in Walker Township will play an important role in community development. With continued development I and population increases adequate road systems in the form of both providing new roads and upgrading existing roads will be I I 25 I I I I needed. These improvements will require expenditures by the Township consistent with their financial resources. The road system in Walker Township will undoubtedly promote additional I growth and development adjacent to these roads. This growth and development must be carefully planned and adequately controlled by the Township in order to enhance the qualities I of the Township for future residents. I I I I I I I I I I I I I 26 I I I I B. SCHOOLS Walker Township is part of the Tamaqua Area School District I which includes in addition to Walker Township, the Borough of Tamaqua; the Townships of Rush, Schuylkill and West Penn. I The school district encompasses approximately 128 acres of land. Five school facilities; three elementary schools; and two secondary schools are operated by the Tamaqua Area School I District. There are presently no educational facilities located directly in Walker Township although the school district does serve the area. I Table 1-1, "Past Enrollments of the Tamaqua Area School District," indicates that the total school enrollment has I decreased for the years 1983 through 1990. PAST ENRoLtzIENTS OF TEE I TAMAQUA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT NUMBER OF PERCENT INCREASE ABSOLUTE STUDENT I YEAR STUDENTS OR DECREASE INCREASE OR DECREASE 1983-84 2661 - - 1984-85 2576 3.2 85 I 1985-86 2462 4.4 114 1986-87 2328 5.4 134 1987-88 2313 0.6 15 1988-89 2276 1.6 37 I 1989-90 2263 0.6 13 1990-91 2247 0.7 16 I SOURCE: Tamaqua Area School District "Long Range Development Program" Dr. H. Bruce Geiger, Superintendent I The largest percentage and numerical decrease occurred during the 1986-87 school year when the enrollment decreased by 134 students or 5.4% below the previous year. The past enrollments shown that I the average annual decrease each year from 1983 through 1991, was 59 students. The average annual percentage decrease since 1983 I was 2.4 percent. I I 21 I I I I C. CKLmFACILITIES The closest library available to the residents of Walker I Township is located in the Borough of Tamaqua. There is a need for local service clubs and civic organizations in the I area, and interest in such facilities should be promoted. D. HUNICIPAL SERVICES I Throughout most communities in Pennsylvania fire protection is provided on a voluntary basis as opposed to full time employees. The New England Fire Company located in Walker I Township serves the area. Police protection in Walker Township is provided by one full time policeman. Police protection is also offered by the I local department of the Pennsylvania State Police. E. REFUSE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL I At the present time, refuse collection and disposal is not provided or regulated by Walker Township. The service is provided to homes by local private contractors working on an I individual contract basis with the residents. Consideration should be given to the present and ever increasing problem of I refuse disposal. F. UTILITIES Electrical service is provided throughout Walker Township I exclusively by Pennsylvania Pover and Light Company which maintains a Regional office in Hazleton. I The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania provides telephone service throughout Walker Township. Cable Television service in the Township is provided by Blue I Ridge Cable Television, Inc., and Service Electric Cable Television, Inc. I Public sewage disposal and public water supply are not available to the residents of Walker Township. The Township relies on individual septic tanks as a means of sewage I disposal and individual wells as a source of water supply. G. RECREATIONAL FACILITIES I Recreational facilities in Walker Township are minimal; however, basketball and tennis courts are available for I 28 I I I I public use on the municipal property located on T-509. Hunting and hiking are available to the residents on land owned by the Cammonuealth of Pennsylvania as well as land I owned by various sportsman's organizations. Other commercialized recreational facilities that are available to the residents of walker Township include a recreational I vehicle camping area, miniature golf course and play area. H. PUBLIC BUILDINGS I Public buildings located in Walker Tarnship include the Lewistown Valley Grange Hall, the Sunday School House as well as churches of various denominations. Tabernacles operated I by the United Methodist Church and Mennonite School are located in the New England Valley. I At the present time, there is a municipal building for the storage of Township road equipment and Township meetings. I CONCLUSION The existing services and facilities which the Tarnship provides for its residents are very limited. As the Township I continues to grow, the demand by the residents for additional facilities will continue to increase. I I I I I I I I 29 I I I I Chapter 7. Relationship of the Plan to Surrounding I Hunicipalities Walker Township is bordered by West Brunswick, Schuylkill, Blythe, West Penn, East Brunswick Townships, and the Borough of Tamaqua. The following describes the relationship of the I Township's existing Land Use Plan to the adjacent municipalities. I West Brunswick Township Township zoning regulations currently list the area adjoining as R-C (Rural Conservation). The density requirement of generally one dwelling unit for every ten acres does not conflict greatly I with Walker Townships CD (Conservation District's) requirement of a ten acre minimum lot size. Permitted uses are, for the most part, consistent in allowing woodland, game preserves, single I family dwellings and lumbering; however, conditional uses permitted in West Brimswick include surface mining and campgrounds. The approximate 400' feet of common boundary with I conflicting requirements should not create any hardships in the harmonious development of both areas. I Tamaqua Borough The areas adjoining Walker include S-2 (Special Purpose), S- l(Specia1 Purpose), 1-1 (Industrial) and C-3 (Commonwealth). The I area of Industrial Zoning includes the permitted uses of manufacturing, assembly and storage of merchandise. Lying north of T-858, leading into the Borough of Tamaqua, a common Industrial zoned border is present in Walker Township. Areas of I S-1 and S-2 which have minimum lot size requirements of 20,000 square feet and five acres respectively require action by the Zoning Hearing Board of Tamaqua for any intended uses. Walker I Townships existing land use of RR (Rural Residential) adjoining these tvo districts is an area of steep slopes. It is perceived that steep slopes in Walker Township along with requirements of I Zoning Hearing approval in Tamaqua Borough for development in this area will not adversely affect one another. I East Brunswick Walker Township's southern boundary with East Brunswick Township is governed by Schuylkill County Zoning regulations and zoned A- I 2 (Aqricultural District). The minimum lot size required by county zoning is two acres while Walker Township's adjoining CD (Conservation District) requires ten acres. Compatibility exists in permitted uses and those requiring special exceptions. I Agricultural and forest preserrration are the main goals of both, therefore, attaining moderate degrees of compatibility. I 30 I I I I In Walker Township existing mining activities occur adjacent to East Brunswick Township's Industrially Zoned Districts. The separation of Walker's Industrial District and the county A-2 by I steep slopes, will minimize development of both; however, incompatibility does exist and must be considered during I developmental reviews. Schuylkill Township I Walker Township has the largest common border to the north east with Schuylkill Township which is governed by Schuylkill County Zoning. Half of this common border is divided by US Route 209. Schuylkill Township is zoned R-l(Rura1 Residential) and Walker I Township is zoned C (Commercial). The incompatibility of these districts is distinct although no significant impact is anticipated due to separation by US 209. Other areas in I Schuylkill Township zoned H (Mining) are adjacent to Walker Townships RR (Rural Residential). Permitted uses in RR include single family dwellings, public and private schools, parks and churches. These tu0 districts are perhaps the most incompatible I and must be addressed prior to the development of residential areas adjacent to this mining classification. I Schuylkill and Walker also share adjacent mining districts of I (Industrial in Walker Township) and H ( Mining in Schuylkill Township). Permitted Industrial uses in Walker Township are I heavy commercial uses, storage, manufacturing, assembly, fabrication and packing. Mining is permitted by Special Exception with board approval. Walker Township's Zoning Ordinance prohibits erection of dwellings on existing lots in the I Industrial district; therefore, it is considered moderately compatible. I West Penn West Penn and Walker Township's common boundary, The Little Schuylkill River, separates the Townships main land use I inconsistencies. Compatible border districts include Industrial, Agricultural, and Residential. Non compatible districts are heavy commercial matched with Walker Township's Conservation I District. The opposite also exists where Walker Township's Industrial borders on West Penn's Conservation District. Lack of compatibility is generated with some districts and can be further I classified as an area of concern for future land use planning but does not warrant extreme actions at this time. I I 31 I I I I Bly-the Walker Township has approximately 1.8 miles of common border with I Blythe Township. One quarter mile is zoned M (wining) in Blythe Township with Walker Township being zoned I (Industrial). Both Townships require the granting of a Special Exception prior to I mining activity in these Zoning Districts. Walker Township's Industrial Zoning permits uses such as heavy commercial and general industrial; therefore, compatibility exist between the districts. The remaxnd- er of the boarder, approximately 1.5 I miles, is compatible. Blythe Townships CD (Conservation District) with Walker Townships A-P (Agricultural Preservation) and CD (Conservation District) are all preservation I classifications. Permitted uses are regulated to minimize the infiltration of large scale residential developments. A high degree of compatibility exist in the overall boarders of Blythe I and Walker Townships. I I I I I I I I I I 32 I I I

I Chapter 8. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES I It is virtually impossible to formulate one overriding goal which would include the dreams, hopes, and aspirations of all the residents of Walker Township. It would be equally I presumptuous to identify all the goals which may be acceptable to and supported by all the people of the Township. The following goals are general and could probably be applied to almost any municipality in the United States. I The way that they are accepted and implemented is what makes one municipality different from another - unique in setting, I economy, and people. The preceding sections of the Comprehensive Plan identified several factors and conditions which have guided Walker I Township's past development. The goals and objectives that follow are based on an analysis of the existing conditions in the Township. Because of their very nature and dependence on limited resources for realization, goals and objectives are I highly interrelated and at times conflicting. The realization of the goals and objectives will therefore depend upon the support of the residents of the Township. Without I this support, any type of realization from these goals is doomed to failure. I A. GENERAL TOWNSHIP GOAL To improve existing communities and all other areas within the Township in a manner which will provide maximum I opportunity for individual development while preserving or accentuating the natural and man-made environment. I Objectives 1. Encourage the communities to cooperate and participate in I creating a Township of opportunity and livability. 2. Encourage all planning and programming to emphasize human I needs as well as natural and economic development. 3. Encourage community development which places homes in proximity to job opportunities, shopping facilities, I schools, and recreation areas. 4. Provide adequate facilities for housing, health, welfare, I and recreation for all people in the Township.

I 33 I I I

I 5. Encourage planning of comuamities in which people are safe in structures, vehicles and on foot. 6. Preserve and enhance structures and sites of historic or I architectural importance. 7. Provide a land use policy that serves as a guide to I community development throughout the Township. As the Township grows, it will need guidelines to achieve the kind of environment which is conducive to individual I development, economic opportunity and resource development and preservation. I 1. RESIDENTIAL GOAL To develop residential communities in areas and at densities I which permit each individual to relate meaningfully to the environment but which avoids urban sprawl. I Objectives 1. Promote efficient and proper use of developable land so as to provide serviceable and attractive sites for I dwellings. 2. Preserve natural features such as mountains and streams as well as distinctive man-made features that give an I area identity and attractive appearance. 4. Encourage developers to build more varied and interesting I housing as well as seek new housing designs, lot layouts, and street systems. I 5. Promote development with densities that are readily serviceable, that provide a pleasant, livable atmosphere, and that do not disfigure or pollute the environment. I The living area of the Township must be designed for man. It must be safe, orderly, and pleasant, but at the same time it must be diversified to give a choice to residents of settings I and new experiences. Residential developments should take advantage of the natural and man-made features which give an area identity and an attractive setting. The pursuance of the residential objectives will help to insure that a more I livable environment is created. I I 34 I I I I 2. AGFucuLTmuLL GOAL To preserve those areas of the Township that because of I terrain, soil conditions, and locations are most suitable for agricultural use. I Objectives 1. Confine development to areas where development has already occurred and where logical urban patterns can be I achieved. 2. Encourage the people who are already fanning, whether I full time or part time, to remain on farms. 3. Promote effective management and use of the agricultural I land. 4. Promote the general understanding and acceptance of plans I which propose to conserve productive farmland. A growing population needs more space in which to live, work, shop, and play. Consequently, agricultural land is I vulnerable to urban penetration. This is particularly evident in area that are growing rapidly. To preserve the good agricultural lands from being penetrated by urban uses, policies must be adopted which have as their goal the attainment of the agricultural objectives. Stated in other words, ways should be developed which permit urban ~I development away from the good agricultural land. 3. INDUSTRIAL GOAL II To develop and improve areas within the Township that will be more competitive and attractive as an industrial location. 11 Objectives 1. Promote industrial development without seriously I impairing the quality of the environment. 2. Encourage the reclamation of strip mined areas which I could be adopted for industrial development. 3. Require that industrial activities be adequately buffered I or separated from adjacent used.

II 35 I I I I 4. Encourage the diversification of manufacturing and other industrial activities for the Township. I 5. Foster a business climate conducive to industrial growth and maintain and enhauce the Township's reputation as a I good place to live, work and raise a family. 6. Encourage the clustering of industrial activities into I well designed, well serviced industrial parks. 4. COMMERCIAL GOAL To support the improvement and upgrading of business in the I surrounding municipalities as well as Walker Township. I Objectives 1. Encourage and promote business in the surrounding municipalities. I Since the size of the Township is relatively small, its population is low and its geographical position is such that it is in proximity of the Borough of Tamaqua, which has a I relatively diversified business district. It has been proposed by the Planning Commission to discourage commercial shopping facilities within Walker Township at this particular time, and to continue supporting the commercial I establishments within neighboring municipalities. I 5. CONSERVATION GOAL To conserve natural resources and assure a balance between the natural and the man-made environment for the benefit of I present and future residents. Objectives I 1. Preserve and enhance any and all unique natural features when developing land for urban uses. I 2. Provide for a more effective management of floodplain and low-lying land areas and erosion of soils. I 3. Promote more effective management and use of natural physical assets, including mineral resources, forest, I productive soils, water resources, and developable land.

I 36 I I I

I CONCLUSION All of man's achievements are based on his ingenuity in discovering and using the natural resources. The resources I are here without man having anything to do with it, and it is up to man to make the best use of the. This calls for creative conservation policies and programs not only on the I part of the federal, state, and county governments, but also on the part of local governments and property owners as well. I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I 37 I I I

I Chapter 9. Recommendations A. Land Use 1 The current Township Zoning Map identifies six districts for the controlled development of the Township. Those Districts I include : (*-PI Agricultural Preservation (CD) Conservation District I (1) Industrial (RR) Rural Residential (C) Commercial I (A) Agricultural Permitted land uses detailed in the Zoning Ordinance should be reviewed on a regular basis for compatibility of current I uses and future development of Walker Township in those Zoning Districts indicated by the Zoning Map. The achievement of an effective Zoning Ordinance and I Subdivision Land Development Regulations can enhance property values and encourage proper future development. I The absolute beauty of Walker Tamship and foresight of municipal officials will maintain the positive, vel1 planned I progress, of Walker Township's land uses. B. Community Facilities I Recreational Areas Within a fifty mile radius of Walker Township, there are numerous State Parks and recreation areas available to the I residents. Of particular interest, due to their proximity to the Township, are two state parks, namely Locust Lake State Park and Tuscarora State Park. The former provides recreation in the form of camping, fishing and boating. The I later provides recreation in the form of picnicking, swimming, boating and fishing. Both of these facilities are within commuting distance for Township residents. Recreation I areas within Walker Township have taken a step forward with the establishing of basketball and tennis courts on Township property. Additionally, the Township has received a $15,000 I RIRA Grant to add playground equipment to this site. Although a beginning, future needs of residents of all ages must be. addressed. Further acquisition and development of recreation areas within Walker Township in presently I populated areas must be considered. The establishment of a community recreation board to carry out the wishes and hopes I 38 I I I

I of residents would be an asset to the future of Walker Township. Active participation in the newly formed Tamaqua Area School District's Recreational Department is a positive step toward increasing recreational opportunities for I Township residents I FIRE PROTECTION There is a need for the provision of additional fire protection facilities in Walker Township. I The establishment of a centralized fire protection facility within the Township would ensure equal response times to all I outer boundaries of the Township. POLICE PROTECTION I The standards for police protection, size of force, and types of equipment are not uniformly applicable. A generally accepted standard is one full time patrolman for each 1,000 I population. The population in Walker Township, according to the US Bureau of Census, is 949. In terms of recognized standards for I police protection, the minimum required in walkex Township would be one full-time patrolman. It must be recognized that Walker Township covers a large area and that adequate patrol I by automobile would require close to 100% of the time of a patrolman working an eight hour shift. It is readily apparent that a single patrolman could not cover the entire Township twenty-four hours per day. It should also be I recognized that partial protection exists through the services of the Pennsylvania State police and it is recommended that full cooperation be encouraged and 1 continued. LIBRARY I Library facilities for residents of Walker Township are readily available in the adjacent Borough of Tamaqua. It is recommended that the library facility in the Borough be I supported by the Planning Cammission, Board of Supervisors, and the residents of the Township. I MJNICIPAL BUILDING The existing Township municipal building located south of T- 858 on T-509, is used by the Township officials as a I headquarters for meetings as well as the storage of Township road equipment. Long range plans should include the I 39 I I I

I expansion of the existing municipal building. Increases in population and road maintenance requirements will necessitate additional equipment and personnel.

I C. SEWAGE, WATER AND SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL Act 537, the Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act, is I administered by the D.E.R. and requires every municipality to evaluate the existing and future sewage needs of rural and I populated areas. The Municipality Plan must provide a time schedule for the installation of sewage facilities to serve those areas in which growth and development is expected to occur within five I to ten years. The Act requires the Municipality to consider industrial and commercial establishments, existing methods of waste treatment, and the effect of the particular waste I discharge on a public sanitary sewage system. The U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) provides a service which aids the Municipality in meeting a part of the I requirements of the Act by waluating the soils limitations for on-lot sewage disposal. After consideration of such factors as the soils classification, depth to bedrock, depth I to ground water, and slope of terrain, the SCS determines whether the particular geographical area has severe, I moderate, or slight limitations for on-lot sewage disposal. As part of the Comprehensive Plan, the Soils Association can be used as a means of evaluating the sewage requirements in problem areas where growth is expected to occur within five I to ten years. The Soils Association delineates those areas where sewage 1 problems such as the malfunctioning of on-lot disposal systems are likely to occur. By observing the growth pattern and anticipating the rate of I future growth in these areas, the Municipality can plan to provide for the orderly development of public sewage facilities and assure that the interim means of sewage I disposal meet the requirements of the regulatory agencies. The costs of constructing municipal sewage facilities, I however, would be beyond the economic capability of most communities without financial assistance. I I 40 I I I I Existing Sewage Facilities At the present time, there are no existing public sewage I treatment facilities serving Walker Township residents, although a few treatment facilities do exist for serving commercial and/or industrial needs. The residential systems II are septic tank and subsurface disposal beds in the great majority of cases. I Sewage Needs and Recommendations ~n earlier section of the Comprehensive report discussed the types of soils common to the Walker Township area, and a map I entitled "Soils Limitations for On-Site Sewage Disposal' is part of that section. I A review of the map shows that over half of the Township has a mountainous slope with severe soil conditions. Since the soils are of a severe nature it can be assumed that there are existing on-lot sewage disposal systems which malfunction and I contaminate surface or ground waters within the Township. -functioning subsurface disposal systems become more of a I hazard and nuisance in the areas where smaller size lots and a large number of homes are present. Since the use of a treatment plant and sewage collection facilities are usually I more economical when they serve concentrated populations, the population centers of any area are usually studied first. In the case of Walker Tovnship, the areas of New England, Reynolds and Lewistown would be the three major areas that I would warrant further study to see if sewage treatment facilities would be feasible. I Since Act 537, the Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act requires that every City, Borough, and Township prepare a "Sewage Facilities Plan," it is recommended that the township comply with this law as their first priority regarding I Sewage. At present, the Department of Environmental Resources will reimburse an amount of fifty percent (50%) of the cost incurred by the Municipality toward the Engineering I costs of the study. Further, since it will be important for the Township to know approximate costs for providing sewage facilities, and if these costs are feasible for any given I area, we recommend that the Township have a combined Sewage Facilities Plan and Feasibility Study report prepared. Such a combined study would satisfy the obligations of the Township toward the requirements of Act 537, and would give I the Township leaders a clearer understanding of the sewage treatment and disposal needs of the area. I 41 I I I I From a general review of the Township topography and drainage areas, it would appear that the New England area would best be served by a sewage system that would direct the waste I flows to the Borough of Tamaqua sewage treatment plant. Further study as recommended above would prove or disprove that statement as well as to determine if such a project I would be feasible within this decade. Likewise, further studies would determine if the Village of Reynolds could support a sewage treatment facility and also the same is true I for the Lewistown area. It is well to remember that future growth of any area will be dependent on more sophisticated means of sewage treatment, since the present soils are generally not satisfactory for continued growth using I subsurface disposal systems. It is becoming more apparent each year, that adequate sewage facilities will play a prime role in the economic growth rate of any given area. Without I adequate sewage facilities, economic growth can completely stop, or at best be severely limited. The Township should continue to actively pursue means of I obtaining sewage facilities for warranted areas within the township. I Water Requirements Although sewage facilities are noted as being a prime factor I toward the economic growth of any given area, the availability of an adequate water supply must be given an even higher consideration toward that same growth pattern. I Presently, the Township relies on individual well systems to provide for the water needs of most of its citizens. This same manner of obtaining water will probably never be totally I replaced, at least not within the foreseeable future. However, if any given area is going to develop to its full potential, a different means of water supply and distribution will probably evolve with that growth. The type of system to I be installed will depend on many factors such as required pressures; volume to be distributed; adequacy of the source of supply; and the overall cost in relation to the cost to I each customer. Before any such system becomes a reality, there must be a strong need as the motivating force to I accomplish that goal. I I 42 I I I I The importance of a safe and dependable water supply is realized by most public officials and the general public today. Protection of potentially safe water supplies must be I foremost in any conserrration program established in this generation. As a Township, public support of programs aimed at protection of the environment and natural resources must I be sought and administered. If government funds can be obtained toward any phase of providing clean water, they should be actively pursued. Examples of the type of programs I that would be of benefit are: 1. Engineering and Geological feasibility studies to investigate sources, types, quantities and costs of I various water systems that could be provided within the Township. I 2. Watershed land acquisition programs that would allow the Township to purchase land on suitable watersheds for the future construction of reservoirs, and natural I protection of the drainage areas. 3. Grant programs that would provide financial assistance I toward the construction of complete water systems. Current resources of the Township are not sufficient for a full, concentrated program aimed at providing centralized water systems. However, the Township must always be aware I that full economic potential of any area will eventually be dependent upon more ample means of water supply than individual well systems. Therefore, any goverxmtent programs I that would assist the Township toward planning for, or actual construction of, centralized water facilities should be 1 actively pursued. Solid Waste Disposal The term "solid waste" - what it implied; where it comes I from; and where does it go to - was never much of a problem to rural communities. Today, it is an ever growing problem because of the increased quantities of solid waste being I generated and the associated problems of disposing of these discarded materials. Urban communities, because of their high residential densities and their concentrated commercial and industrial facilities, still face solid waste problems of I greater magnitude, but more recently even the rural municipalities are faced with tough decisions on how to I properly manage this problem. I 43 I I I I Solid waste disposal, to the majority of citizens, only meant that the garbage-man picked up the trash on certain designated days. What he did with it, never was a concern to I the same majority. However, new goveermuerital regulations, aimed at a cleaner environment, are changing that accepted I way of life. The current method of accommodating solid waste in the township allows each resident to independently contract with a private waste hauler. This system appears to be adequate I at this time, however, the Township should be watchful of I "illegal dumping. within its municipal boundaries. I I I I I I 1 I I I

I 44 I I I I D. IWLEHENTATION The implementation of the Comprehensive Plan for Walker Township I can be accomplished through the use of three basic planning tools. These planning tools consist of Capital Improvements Planning, Land Use Regulations and Municipal Ordinances. These 1 three important techniques can be used by the Township over the next ten to fifteen years to provide an effective means of initiating and carrying to their conclusions the proposals which have been established in the Comprehensive Plan. These measures I are briefly described in the following sections. I CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLANNING Capital improvement planning is a process which allows municipalities to establish and implement a schedule for public I improvements in conjunction with planning recommendations and the township's financial ability. Capital improvement planning requires the three steps outlined below: I 1. Financial Analysis - By estimating anticipated revenues and expenditures, the township's capabilities for I financing a capital improvement program can be determined. 2. Capital Improvement Program - A capital improvement program will determine the improvement desired or required I and establish a priority system for their accomplishment. 3. Capital Budgeting - Capital budgeting lists the proposed physical improvements by priority including costs and the I specific means for financing such improvements. I LAND USE REGULATIONS 1. Subdivision Requlations These regulations are established for the purpose of creating I conditions favorable to the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the residents of the Township. I The regulations establish minimum standards for the layout and improvement of new streets, lots, utilities, and related development procedures. These regulations will serve as a I further planning tool in implementing the Comprehensive Plan. 2. Zoning Ordinance I Zoning is one of the most important planning tools which Walker Township has at its disposal to encourage development I in accordance with the land use plan. 45 I I I I To be truly effective, the zoning ordinance must be adequately administered and enforced. The zoning ordinance I accomplishes the following objectives: 1. The designated use of the land is realistically 1 controlled. 2. The density and bulk of development within the Township is I controlled. 3. The location of buildings on the land in relation to the highways, open spaces, and other uses is controlled. I 4. Standards are established for related and accessory uses such as signs, off-street parking, loading, conversions I and other special uses. The text of Walker Township's Zoning Ordinance explains in detail those uses which may be permitted within each zone or district. Further provisions of the zoning ordinance include methods for I hearing appeals from decisions, enforcement and administrative procedures, and amendatory provisions. The proper administration and enforcement of the zoning ordinance is the most significant I means of insuring sound land use development practices and can reasonably prevent problems from arising in the future. I MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES Driveway Ordinance I Walker Township's Driveway Ordinance enacted September 5, 1990, regulates existing and proposed driveway entrances onto Township I roads. Design standards, as set forth by resolution, contain minimum and maximum widths, radius and sight distances, as well as location I and number of driveway entrances which may be granted. These standards vary to conform with traffic volume of each classified driveway. Classifications of driveways are lhnuuum.. Use (0-25 vehicles per day), Low Volume (25-740 vehicles per day), Medium I Volume (75-1500 vehicles per day usually not requiring traffic signals) and High Volume (1500 plus vehicles per day often I requiring traffic signals). Walker Township's Driveway Ordinance enhances the continual effort of proper road maintenance and safety. Benefactors of such an Ordinance are the citizens of the township. Shoulder I washouts and improper sight distances will become less of a hazard. I 46 I I I I Flood Plain Management Ordinance Walker Township's Flood Plain Management Ordinance enacted August I 8, 1984, outlines construction practices and pennit requirements prior to construction and development within designated Flood I Plains in Walker Township. Mapping of special flood hazard areas help identify and alleviate possible construction and development within flood plains which I may cause additional flood hazards. Regulations require special construction methods and certifications of plans for construction and development within I the flood hazard areas. Building permits are approved after review of data outline is satisfactory. I The 100 year flood elevation is calculated at various points within Walker. This calculation is based on a one percent chance of this area and elevation becoming inundated by water over a 100 I year period; however, Occurrence may be in any year. Walker Township's numerous streams and dams necessitates a hard line approach in the enforcement of its Flood Plain Management I Ordinance. I I I I I I I I 47 I I I

CONCLUSION

I The goals and policies for the future development of Walker Township have previously been outlined. It is now imperative that methods of effectuating this program be considered. I Examination of the community goals makes it apparent that the Township should include a program of effectuation from two viewpoints. The first should include a program of carrying out the local desires and goals at the municipal level, and should I comprise those desirable elements which will not adversely affect neighboring communities. I The second approach involves effectuating elements of the plan from a broader regional viewpoint. Many long-range goals and policies involve not only the Township but adjacent and nearby I municipalities as well. Walker Township can carry out those programs which affect the local community only, but it must participate with larger government bodies in order to gain the necessary impetus required to carry out an overall program which I would best suit the region as a whole. I I

I I I I I

I 48 I I I I I

I Acting under the provisions of Article 111 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code Act 247 of 1968 as

I reenacted and amended by Act 170 of 1988. the Supervisors of I Walker Township. hereby adopt this Comprehensive Plan and all maps. charts, and textual matters contained therein; for the I Township of Walker. Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. and that said Plan shall take effect five (5) days after enactment. IC\ -% I ENACTED AND ORDAINED by Resolution this d, day of I

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS I TOWNSHIP OF UALKER SCHUYLKILL COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA I I Chairman

.. - I Supervisor ATTEST: I Dd&$ I Secretary Supervisor J I I I I