Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek DECEMBER 14TH, 2009
Temporal Change and Hydrological Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Proposal
2009
December 14th, 2009
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
File No: 200910-13 GISC9314-Deliverable 5 Mr. Ian Smith, M.Sc., OLS, OLIP President, Geomorphologist LydIan Environmental Consulting 21 Longspur Circle Fonthill, ON L0S 1E2
Dear Mr. Smith,
Re: Temporal Change and Historical Hydrologic Model Parameterization – Coyle Creek Watershed Proposal iL Mondo strives for the highest quality of services to deliver to our clients. We will provide outstanding results, the best solution for your problem at Coyle Creek and professional interactions with our clients. Please accept this letter as our formal proposal for LydIan Environmental Consulting on the Temporal Change and Historical Hydrologic Model Parameterization – Coyle Creek Watershed project.
This proposal includes all the requirements LydIan Environmental Consulting has provided to us. This Proposal also includes the time length this project will take to complete which is approximately 340 hours, being complete by June 2nd, 2010. The budget for this project is estimated at $41,235. Please find time and cost management details attached.
We have proposed all requirements that LydIan Environmental Consulting has requested from our company on this project. If you have any questions regarding the enclosed documents, please contact any project member at your convenience Lisa at (905) 818 8489, [email protected] or Rudy Stawarek at (905) 730-7020, [email protected]. Thank you for your time and attention. We look forward to hearing from you.
Regards,
Rudy Stawarek, B.A. GIS Analyst, Project Manager il Mondo GIS Consulting R.J.S/l.j.r
Enclosures: Proposal of Temporal Change and Historical Hydrologic Model Parameterization – Coyle Creek Watershed
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Executive Summary
The main goal for iL MONDO GIS Consulting within this project is to determine how the Coyle Creek Watershed has changed both in hydrological as well and flow characteristics. To assess these changes over time remotely sensed imagery, mapping data as well as running HEC-GeoHMS for the years under study will be used. To determine how changes in land cover have impacted both the hydrological characteristics and the 2-year and 100-year discharge events through the use of remotely sensed images, historical map data as well as the HEC-GeoHMS models will be analyzed over the past 70 years. Changes will be assessed for each of the years 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1979, 1995 and 2002. The main focus is the changes in land cover within the region of Coyle Creek as well as the changes in the 2-year and the 100-year drainage events. In order to complete this analysis on the change in characteristics of Coyle Creek many tools must be used. Geo-referenced air photos for all corresponding years will be used to identify the changes in land cover surrounding Coyle Creek and these will be displayed on a mosaic to detail these changes. Supervised classification of these air photos’ will be used to better detail how certain features within this area have changed. Using ESRI’s ArcGIS technology as well as AutoDesk’s AutoCAD technology a 3D model will be created for a better understanding of the dynamics of the Creek basin. Further, the HEC-GeoHMS models will be compared to the 3D model created using the data. Soils mapping will be integrated within the Geodatabase to display the soil types and characteristics that surround the Coyle Creek Watershed, establishing assessments throughout the data analysis. Running the US Army Corps of Engineering HEC-GeoHMS models scenarios for the 2-year and 100-year drainage events will also indicate how they have changed from year to year as well as changes in soil and hydrological characteristics. Potential risks may be technical problems, data compatibility issues, and trivial data. June 14th, 2010 has been set as the project completion date with the project commencing on January 11, 2010. The deliverables are broken down into milestones which are to be completed as follows: Milestone 1-March 7th, 2010, Milestone 2-March 29th, 2010, Milestone 3-April 21st, 2010 and Milestone 4- June 14th, 2010. The estimated cost for this project to be completed is $52,985.63 which includes labour at a rate of $75/h, physical resource costs as well as a 10% ($4,587.50) for any margin of error that may occur.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Table of Contents
Section 1.0 Introduction ...... 1-2 Section 1.1Main Problem ...... 1 Section 1.2 Project Scope ...... 2 Section 1.3 Background ...... 2 Section 2.0 Goals and Objectives ...... 3-6 Section 2.1Goal ...... 3 Section 2.2 Primary Objectives ...... 3-6 Section 3.0 Resources ...... 7-9 Section 3.1 Personnel/Experience ...... 7 Section 3.2 Responsibilities ...... 8 Section 3.3 Physical Resources Required ...... 9 Section 4.0 Project Schedule ...... 10 Section 5.0 Project Budget ...... 11-12 Section 5.1 Labour Cost ...... 11 Section 5.2 Material Cost ...... 12 Section 5.3 Total Project Cost ...... 12 Section 6.0 Risks ...... 13 Section 7.0 Conclusion ...... 14 Section 8.0 Bibliography ...... 15
Appendix 1: Terms of Reference Appendix 2: Resumes Appendix 3: Gantt Chart Appendix 4:2 year and 100 year Frequency Events Appendix 5: HEC-GeoHMS Appendix 6: Air Photo’s and Remotely Sensed Imagery
List of Tables and Figures
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Figure 1: Location of Coyle Creek ...... 2 Table 1: Estimated competition of Data collection ...... 4 Table 2: Estimated competition of Data Assembly ...... 5 Table 3: Estimated competition of Data analysis ...... 5 Table 4: Estimated competition of final report ...... 6 Table 5: Summary of Major Tasks ...... 10 Table 6: Total Budget for Labour Costs ...... 11 Table 7: Total Budget for Material Costs ...... 12 Table 8: Total Project Budget ...... 12
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Main Problem
The morphology of streams, like Coyle Creek is largely dependent upon the characteristics of runoff emanating from their river catchments or watersheds. Stream banks are typically defined by the 2-year return frequency flow event, while the stream valley is defined by the 100-year return frequency event. Runoff will thus be a function of the soils, slopes and land cover within the watershed. Streams such as Coyle Creek within the Niagara Peninsula, have experienced much change within their tributary watersheds since human activities such as agriculture and urbanization have commenced. This change has most certainly manifested itself as a temporal change in flows within the stream channel. The main problem is determining to what extent human activities such as agriculture and urbanization have affect the 2-year and 100- year flow (see appendix 4). In turn causing changes to the soil characteristics, hydrological characteristics and flow characteristics of Coyle Creek.
1.2 Scope
In order to reach the project goal which is to determine how human impacts, such as agriculture and urbanization have affected the 2-year and 100-year flow events and ultimately the stream morphology of Coyle Creek, certain tasks must be completed. These task consist of creating historical air photo mosaics for Coyle Creek (tributary to the Welland River) for 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002, Undertaking an appropriate supervised classification of the air photo mosaics noted , Integrate soils mapping data with the results of the temporal classifications noted, Obtain/create a 3D terrain model for the Coyle Creek watershed and run the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ HEC-geoHMS hydrological model for the 2-year and 100-year storm event for each of the 1934, 1954/54, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002 watershed characteristics scenarios. The major task to be completed is interpreting air photos in order to document changes in land cover from 1934 to 2002. Following the interpretation of the air photos and querying results off HEC-geoHMS models (see appendix 5), for the corresponding years, as well as soil map data a relationship between land cover and flow dynamics can be determined. This will provide results that indicate how changes in land cover have affected the 2-year and 100-
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
year flow events from 1934 to 2002 and ultimately change the hydrological characteristics as well as the soil characteristics of Coyle Creek.
1.3 Background of Coyle Creek Watershed
Coyle Creek is a small, meandering waterway in Canada, which is located in southern Pelham, Ontario and North-West Welland. The last section of the creek constitutes an oasis of wild habitat in an otherwise increasingly developed area; the upper section of the creek runs through a golf course. Coyle Creek holds a wide variety of wildlife ranging from many different types of fish to beavers which are extremely rare in Southern Ontario. Welland River provides a drainage outlet for the Coyle Creek and the creek forms an important component to the Welland River watershed.
Figure 1 below shows an aerial view of the Coyle Creek Watershed.
Figure 1: Location of Coyle Creek Courtesy of Google Maps
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
2.0 Goal and Objectives
2.1 Goal
This project will seek to assess change in land cover within the Coyle Creek watershed (in the municipalities of Pelham and Welland) over the last 70 years using remotely sensed (RS) air photos and historical map data. These photos and maps will illustrate the changes in land cover resulting in changes to the hydrologic characteristics. The goal of this project is to determine how the 2-year and 100-year discharge events have changed since 1934
2.2 Summary of Primary Objectives
The following subsections list the objectives proposed that will support successful realization of the project goal. Objectives are numbered according to the WBS tasks in the project Gantt chart.
1.1 Retrieve and scan air photos for Coyle Creek (tributary to the Welland River) for 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002. Photos will be signed out of the Brock University map library then transported to Niagara College. The photos will be scanned at 600 dpi using the scanner at the Niagara College and they will be saved in an organized system.
1.2 Geo-reference air photos within the years 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002. Once these images are saved they will be uploaded on the computer and loaded into ArcGIS and geo reference them. Once these photos are geo-referenced we will create a mosaic displaying the changes in land cover and hydrology of Coyle Creek and the surrounding areas. Assessment of the changes taking place will be inputted into a database.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
1.4 Undertake an appropriate supervised classification of the air photo mosaics noted above. Upon competition of geo referencing these images supervised classification, in ERDAS imaging centre, of the air photos it will be easier to document the change of certain features within the area. Once these features can be identified in each individual air photo assessments can be made as to how the land cover has changed as well as hydrology characteristics of Coyle Creek.
Data Collection Mar. 7th, 2010 80 Hours $4,400 Table1: Estimated competition of Data collection
2.1/2.3 Create air photo mosaic for Coyle Creek (tributary to the Welland River) for 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002. Air photos that are scanned and stored in the computer database will be arranged into mosaics that show the changes in land use. Two separate mosaics will be created; one to outline the changes in land use in the years 1934, 1954/55, 1965 and 1978 and the other mosaic will outline the land use changes in the years 1995 and 2002.
2.3 Integrate soils mapping data with the results of the temporal classifications noted above. After retrieving soil data from the map library at Brock University this data will be stored in a database, which is created in Microsoft Access. The database will include characteristics about the soil as well as the hydrological features of Coyle Creek. Once this data is inputted into the database, soil characteristics can be transferred into ArcGIS. A soil characteristics map for each of the years can be displayed, and any changes that have occurred over the years due to the change in the 2-year and 100-year flood events will be noted.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
2.4 Create a 3D terrain model for the Coyle Creek watershed. Using the data provided by LydIan Environmental Consulting a 3D terrain model of Coyle Creek will be produced. UTM Coordinates (northing, easting and elevation) will be plotted in AutoCAD as well as 3D break lines for each feature. These layers of data will be imported into ArcGIS and a surface will be creating by converting the AutoCAD drawing into a .tin file. ArcGIS will create a surface instantly based upon the UTM coordinates of each point. The finished product will be a 3D terrain model of the Coyle Creek Watershed.
Data Assembly Mar. 29th,2010 90 Hours $6,050
Table2: Estimated competition of Data Assembly
3.1 Run the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ HEC-geoHMS hydrological model for the 2- year and 100-year storm event for each of the following years: 1934, 1954/54, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002 watershed characteristics scenarios.
A HEC-GeoHMS model will be ran for the years 1934, 1954, 1955, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002. This will provide a projection of the 2-year and 100-year discharge event based on a statistical recurrence of precipitation. This will define hydrological characteristics for Coyle Creek over the past 70 years. The data obtained from this model will be added to the database created in Microsoft Access. The data will also be displayed in a hydrological model that is created in ArcGIS. These characteristics developed by the HEC-GeoHMS will be analyzed for changes.
Data Analysis Apr. 21st, 2010 80 Hours $8,800 Table 3: Estimated competition of Data analysis
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
4.2 Final Report on Data Analysis and Recommendations.
Finally all maps required will be created in both digital and hard copy formats. Once these maps are completed, the data produced from this project will be analyzed. Analysis will consist of comparing the land cover changes to the changes in the 2-year and 100-year discharge event as well as the change in soil composition. Once analysis is complete conclusions can be made on how the overall changes in land cover have affected the 2-year and 100-year and the soil composition of Coyle Creek. All conclusions can be backed up with appropriate data detailing the changes. Also recommendations can be derived from the analysis of the data and from the conclusions of this project.
Final Report Jun. 2nd, 2010 90 Hours $9,900 Table4: Estimated competition of final report
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
3.0 Resources
3.1 Personnel/Experience iL MONDO is a privately owned company which was founded in 2009 by Lisa Romeo from Green Globe GIS consulting and Rudy Stawarek from Global Solutions.
Lisa Romeo, a GIS consultant, holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography from McMaster University which she earned in 2009. Lisa attended a field camp while attending McMaster University which provided a great deal of theory and hands-on experience in the geography environment. She has experience from various survey projects in the field which will be beneficial when analyzing data. Lisa is currently completing a post-graduate diploma in GIS-Geospatial Management at Niagara College.
Rudy Stawarek, a GIS consultant, holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography from Brock University which he earned in 2009. Rudy attended a field camp in Peterborough while attending Brock University which provided an understanding of data collection and analysis while working in the field. Rudy has a tremendous amount of experience with hydrological concepts as he has worked on several projects of this nature. Rudy is currently completing a post-graduate diploma in GIS-Geospatial Management at Niagara College.
Ian Smith, the Project Advisor, has an extensive educational background and many years of experience in hydrological modeling. Ian completed an Engineering Technology diploma in 1985 at Mohawk College. He then proceeded to further his education at the University of Waterloo in 1994 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Mathematics. Ian also completed a post-graduate diploma in Environmental Assessment at Lake Head University in 1993 and completed a Ma Sc. in Fluvial Geomorphology which was based on the Twenty Mile Creek watershed in 2005. Currently he is a partner at UEM Consulting based in Niagara Falls and the president of LydIan Environmental Consulting.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
3.2 Responsibilities
The following outlines the job titles and responsibilities of each of the members of this project:
Lisa Romeo: Cartographer, Data Analyst, Database Manager
Rudy Stawarek: Cartographer, Data Analyst, Database Manager, Project Manager
Ian Smith: Advisor, College Liaison, Supervisor
Ian Smith: Software Provider, Data Provider, Technical Assistance, Liaison with LydIan Environmental Consulting
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
3.3 Physical Resources Required for the Project
The following is a list of hardware and software resources necessary for the completion of this project and will be provided by LydIan Environmental Consulting.
Hardware: 2 Dell Optiplex 960, Intel® Core™ @Duo CPU EPSON® GT-15000 Scanner LEXMARK C935 Laser Printer Vehicle
Software: ARC Desktop 9.3 AutoDesk 2009 HEC geoHMS Microsoft Office Professional x64 Edition Microsoft Office Word 2007 Microsoft Office Project 2007 Microsoft Office Access 2007 Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007
Data: Shapefiles Feature Classes Flow Data from Coyle Creek Historical Air Photo Images Soil Classification Data
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
4.0 Project Schedule/Major Tasks Table 5 (below) summarizes the tasks which need to be completed for the project deliverables, the expected completion dates, the project member(s) responsible for completion and the hours it will acquire to complete the tasks. WBS is an acronym for Work Breakdown Structure, tasks are assigned numbers corresponding to the milestone they fall under and in the order the task is to be completed. WBS Task Completion Date Project Member Hours 1.0 Data Collection(Milestone 1) Mar. 7th, 2010 80 1.1 Collect and scan air photo images. Mar. 7th, 2010 Lisa Romeo 25 1.2 Geo-reference .TIFF files 1934, 1954/55, 1965, Mar. 7th, 2010 Lisa Romeo 25 1978, 1995, 2002 air photos. 1.3 Database design including watershed Mar. 7th, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 15 characteristics. 1.4 Supervised Classification Mar. 7th, 2010 Rudy and Lisa 15 2.0 Data Assembly(Milestone 2) 90 2.1 Create mosaic from .TIFF files 1932, 1954/55, Mar. 29th, 2010 Lisa Romeo 20 1965 and 1978. 2.2 Create mosaic from (DOI) .TIFF files for 1995 Mar. 29th, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 20 and 2002. 2.3 Populate database. Mar. 29th, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 30 2.4 Create 3D image of Coyle Creek. Mar. 29th, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 20 & Lisa Romeo 3.0 Data Analysis (Milestone 3) 80 3.1 Create digital HEC-geoHMS project files for the Apr. 21st, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 40 2-year and 100-year storm events for the & Lisa Romeo 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002 scenario years. 3.2 Completion of data collection and database. Apr. 21st, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 40 & Lisa Romeo 4.0 Final Report (Milestone 4) Jun. 14th, 2010 90 4.1 Creation of digital and hard copy maps and Jun. 14th, 2010 Rudy Stawarek 45 mosaics. & Lisa Romeo 4.2 Report on data analysis and recommendations Rudy Stawarek 45 for the Coyle Creek watershed. Jun. 14th, 2010 & Lisa Romeo Total Hours 340 Table 5: A Summary of major tasks
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
5.0 Project Budget 5.1 Labour Costs
Table 6 (below) summarizes the tasks which need to be complete for the project deliverables, and the expected costs for labour based on a $75.00 per hour wage for each project member.
WBS Task/Description Cost ($) 1.0 Data Collection $7,125 1.1 Collect and scan air photo images. $1,875 1.2 Geo-reference .TIFF files 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995, and 2002 air $1,875 photos. 1.3 Database design including watershed characteristics. $1,125 1.4 Supervised Classification $2,250 2.0 Data Assembly $8,250 2.1 Create mosaic from .TIFF files 1932, 1954/55, 1965 and 1978. $1,500 2.2 Create mosaic from (DOI) .TIFF files for 1995 and 2002. $1,500 2.3 Populate database. $2,250 2.4 Create 3D image of Coyle Creek. $3,000 3.0 Data Analysis $12,000 3.1 Completion of data collection and database. $6,000 3.2 Create digital HEC-geoHMS project files for the 2-year and 100-year $6,000 storm events for the 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002 scenario years. 4.0 Final Report $13,500 4.1 Creation of digital and hard copy maps and mosaics. $6,750 4.2 Report on data analysis and recommendations for the Coyle Creek $6,750 watershed. Total Labour Cost $40,875 Table 6: Total Labour costs based on $75.00 per hour wages for each project member
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
5.2 Material Costs
Table 7 (below) displays the resources necessary to complete the tasks which need to be complete for the project deliverables, and the costs for these materials.
Material Type Cost ($) 2 Dell Optiplex 960, Intel® Core™ @Duo CPU $1,700 Printing, Binding, Stationary $100 ARC Desktop 9.3 $1,000 AutoDesk 2009 $1,500 Microsoft Office Professional x64 Edition $500 Transportation $200 Total Cost $5,000 Table 7: Total cost of materials (Hardware and software)
5.3 Total Costs
Table 8 illustrates the total costs off all project expenses together including; labour, materials, contingency costs and tax.
Item Cost ($) Labour $40,875 Materials $5,000 10% Contingency Cost $4,587.50 Subtotal $50,465.5 GST at 5% $2,523 Total Project Budget $52,985.63 Table 8: Total Project Budget
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
6.0 Risks
The risks involved with this project are potential issues that may be encountered and are beyond the control of project members while completing deliverables. These issues are as follows:
Risk:
Technical Problems with the computers and/or have problems understanding computer concepts. Solution:
When encountered with a technical problem with the computers and their concepts, the ‘Help’ files will be accessed in order to assist in providing a solution. If project members need further information about the problem encountered, research on the issue will be conducted through the internet, or assistance from colleagues with extensive computer knowledge will be requested. The final resource which will be approached if a solution is not established is contacting the academic advisor, Ian Smith, for assistance.
Risk:
Data may not be compatible with the specific version of software used for this project. Solution:
The solution for this risk is to check all data when it is received from the client at the beginning of the project, in order to be aware any compatibility issues at that moment. Once the incompatibility issues are discovered the files will be changed over to a version of software which will be used and/or files will be saved with different extensions to make them compatible. If the data continues to have compatibility issues or there are difficulties repairing the problem project members may require assistance from the academic advisor, Ian Smith, to assist in resolving the issues as a last resort.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
7.0 Conclusion
The main problem to solve within this project is to determine how the changes in the land cover surrounding Coyle Creek have influenced changes to the 2-year and the 100- year flow events, leading to changes in the soil composition around Coyle Creek as well as hydrological characteristics. Using all the tools provided to us along with the data provided and collected the data will be analyzed and it will determine how the changes in land cover within the Coyle Creek area have affected the morphology of Coyle Creek. By using remotely sensed imagery and creating a mosaic for the years 1934, 1954, 1955, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002, changes will be evident in the land use over 70 years. Once changes are documented in land cover over these 70 years, the data will be inputted into a database. After this is complete a HEC-GeoHMS model will be ran for each of the years being studied. This will provide data on the flow characteristics for each given year, and will then be saved in a database with the air photo interpretation results. A soils mapping layout will also be created for each of the given years in ArcGIS using data obtained from Brock University and add this data into a database as well. Once the data has been obtained and stored in a database, data analysis will commence. Data Analysis will occur by outlining the changes in land cover over the past 70 years to both the changes in the 2-year and 100-year flow events as well as the changes in the soil composition around Coyle Creek. If there are any relationships, then conclusions will be derived about how human impacts such as urbanization have changed the 2-year and 100-year flow events, which leads to changes in the creeks morphology. Based on past research in similar scenarios the data analyzed should show a positive correlation between the changes in land cover and the changes in the 2-year and 100-year flow events and ultimately the morphology of Coyle Creek. Thus, a hypothesis can be derived stating that the data will demonstrate: modifications in land uses change the intensity and frequency of the 2-year and 100-year flow events, which ultimately alters the morphology of Coyle Creek more rapidly and more frequently.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
8.0 Bibliography
Absolute Astronomy (2009) Coyle Creek Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Coyle_Creek
Booth Derek (1990) Stream-Channel Incision Following Drainage Basin Urbanization Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://www.riverhealth.org/client/pdfs/1990booth.pdf
Booth, Derek (1991) Urbanization and the Natural Drainage System- Impacts, Solutions and Prognoses Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://water.washington.edu/Research/Reports/nwej1991.pdf
GIS Development (2009) GIS Glossary: Supervised Classification. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/glossary/s.htm
Jones, Grant (1996) Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://www.landsinfo.org/ecosystem_defense/science_documents/Jones_Grant _1996.pdf
University of California: Berkeley (2009) Aerial Photography Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/aerial.html
US Army Corps of Engineers (2009) HEC-GeoHMS Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec- geohms/
U.S. Geological Survey Floods (2009) Recurrence intervals and 100-year floods Retrieved from the World Wide Web on December 11th, 2009 from: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/100yearflood.htm
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
APPENDIX 1 Terms of Reference
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Contact Person & Organization Details Contact Person Name: Ian D. Smith, M.Sc., OLS, OLIP Title: President, Geomorphologist Telephone: 905-321-2331 Fax: N/A Email: [email protected] Organization Name: LydIan Environmental Consulting Address: 21 Longspur Circle, Fonthill, ON Website: N/A Sept 29, 2009 Date:
Temporal Change and Historical Hydrologic Model Parameterization – Coyle Creek Watershed Project Details Project Background
Project Problem/Opportunity: The morphology of streams is largely dependent upon the characteristics of runoff emanating from their tributary catchments or watersheds. Stream banks are typically defined by the 2- year return frequency flow event (typically the spring runoff event), while the stream valley is defined by the 100-year return frequency event. Runoff will thus be a function of the soils, slopes and landcover within the watershed.
Streams such as Coyle Creek within the Niagara Peninsula, have experienced much change within their tributary watersheds since human activities such as agriculture and urbanization have commenced. This change has most certainly manifested itself as a temporal change in flows within the stream channel. Over time, the stream morphology has changed (bed, banks and valley walls) to respond to this change in flow regime, much to the detriment of fluvial stability and stream ecology.
Business Goal: This project will seek to assess change in landcover within the Coyle Creek watershed (in the municipalities of Pelham and Welland) over the last 70 years using remotely sensed (RS) and historical map data, and relate these changes to impact on hydrologic characteristics. The goal of this project is to determine how the 2-year and 100-year discharge events have changed since 1934.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Primary Project Objectives [Provide a list of the project objectives.]
Create historical air photo mosaics for Coyle Creek (tributary to the Welland River) for 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002. Undertake an appropriate supervised classification of the air photo mosaics noted above. Integrate soils mapping data with the results of the temporal classifications noted above. Obtain/create a 3D terrain model for the Coyle Creek watershed. Run the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ HEC-geoHMS hydrological model for the 2-year and 100-year storm event for each of the 1934, 1954/54, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002 watershed characteristics scenarios.
Primary Project Deliverables [Provide a list of the project objectives.]
N.B.: All deliverables will be provided to the primary client (LydIan Environmental Consulting), as well as the Brock University Map Library and the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority. All data will be projected to UTM NAD ’83, Zone 17N.
Adequately georeferenced individual TIFF format files from scanned images at a minimum of 600dpi (100%) for the 1934, 1954/55, 1965 and 1978 images. Scanned images shall be all those photo-prints that lie within or on the watershed boundary tributary to the Welland River. Airphoto mosaics in an uncompressed TIFF format from scanned images at a minimum of 600dpi (100%) for the 1934, 1954/55, 1965 and 1978 images, clipped to the area defined as the watershed boundary tributary to the Welland River. Airphoto mosaics in an uncompressed TIFF format from the 1995 and 2002 digital-orthoimagery (DOI), clipped to the area defined as the watershed boundary tributary to the Welland River. An ESRI compliant geodatabase containing the watershed characteristics for each scenario year. These characteristics must include at least major soil groupings, landuse as classified using RS techniques and watershed slopes via a terrain model. The HEC-geoHMS project files (digital) for the 2-year and 100-year storm events for the 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002 scenario years. A final report detailing the techniques and procedures to derive the deliverables noted above, the presentation/discussion of the deliverables above and finally a summary of findings and the offering of recommendations for further study/actions.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Requirements Number of students required to complete the project: 2 (field work to be done in pairs at all times)
Access to car required. No public transportation access to the watershed site for Equipment required (if any): ground truthing.
Brock University Historical Airphotos (available for sign out, to be scanned in the Niagara GIS lab), Institute of Pedology soils mapping (available through the Niagara College GIS data share), 1995 and 2002 DOI ((available through the Data required (if any): Niagara College GIS data share), NPCA delineation of watershed boundary and DEM, NPCA HEC-HMS prototype files.
Access to ArcGIS (ArcInfo), AutoCAD Map and ERDAS Imagine is required. Software required (if any):
Students should be able to undertake independent air photo interpretation and Other comments (if any): classification. An awareness of hydrology would be a definite asset.
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
APPENDIX 2 Resumes
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
RUDY STAWAREK, B.A. 371 Glenridge Ave. St. Catharines, ON (905) 730-7020 L2T 3K8 [email protected]
EDUCATION
Niagara College: GIS-Geo-Spatial Management- Anticipated Graduation June 2009 Brock University: Bachelor’s Degree in Geography Studies –June 2009 St. Thomas More Secondary School: Ontario Secondary School Diploma - June 2006
WORK EXPERIENCE
Wal-Mart Canada Date: November 2004 – Present Position: Automotive Technician Duties: Daily equipment and machinery safety checks. Preformed high quality oil changes and car maintenance. Wide variety of tire maintenance including repair, rotation and installations. Train new employees and administer technician certification exams. Order inventory daily to keep shelves fully stocked.
Position: Greeter/Cashier Duties: Implement sales disciplines and great customer service to assist customers. Performing cash, credit card, debit transactions and balancing tills. Lower store shrinkage by performing light duty loss prevention.
HIGHLIGHTS OF QUALIFICATIONS
Dynamic, motivated and work hard to achieve goals. Outgoing, friendly and people oriented. Respond quickly to situations; fast learner with great problem solving skills. I am an energetic team member, but also work well independently
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COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Volunteer for the Kidney Foundation. Organized and worked at church fundraisers for the Holy Family Parrish. Volunteer for Lions Club events in Hamilton including the Peach Festival and the Festival of Friends.
ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS
Member of the St. Catharines Jr. B Lacrosse Team – 2004-present Captain of the St. Catharines Jr. B Lacrosse Team – 2008-present Joe McNeill Memorial MVP Trophy 2008 Joe Engermann Memorial Top Defensive Player Trophy 2005-2009 Named to Ontario Jr. B Lacrosse All-Star Team 2008
December 14th, 2009 Temporal Change and Hydrological 2009 Model Parameterization of Coyle Creek
Lisa Jennifer Romeo, B.A. 209 Sanatorium Road Hamilton, Ontario L9C 1Z4 [email protected] Home (905) 389-1797 Cell (905) 818-8489
Objective: To obtain a position with your company which provides me with the opportunity to apply and expand my knowledge in GIS
Skills: Organized, punctual, dependable, and great communication skills
Education: 2009-Present Niagara College Working towards a post-graduate certificate in GIS-Geospatial Management
2006- 2009 McMaster University Received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography
2009 Smart Serve Ontario Certificate
Work Experience: April 2005- Present Winners. Store Associate. Provide quality customer service while promoting the sale and returns of products Responsible for working in the fitting rooms and returning merchandise to the appropriate places on the sales floor Handle large sums of money ,balance all registers, and order necessary coin for the store
March 2008- June 2008 Mount Hamilton Youth Soccer Club. Secretary. File and document soccer registration forms and cheques into Microsoft Excel Program Answer telephones and provide excellent customer service Retrieve messages, return phone calls and emails on the Microsoft Outlook program Assemble team packages for coaches
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September 2005- June 2006 City of Hamilton. Dance Teacher. Responsible for teaching young children dance steps, providing an enjoyable atmosphere and organizing a show for the end of the year
April 2005- September 2005 Build-A-Bear Workshop. Bear Builder. Build bears for customers and ensure they have an pleasant experience Provide quality customer service while performing purchase and return transactions Create a positive and healthy atmosphere on the sales floor
September 2003- March 2005 Valentino’s Place. Waitress. Provide exceptional customer service while processing sales transactions Prepare and serve orders to customers Create a positive and healthy atmosphere in the restaurant Responsible to be a key holder for the restaurant Balance the register at the end of the night and take the deposit to the bank daily
Volunteer Experience: September 2005 September 2004- Festitalia Soccer Tournament. Operated the concession stand and convened soccer games
January 2005 Regina Mundi Elementary School. Through the cooperative education program, I was able to shadow a teacher daily and performed tasks to assist her Tasks completed were: planning and presenting lessons, marking tests and assignments and assisting students one on one with class work
September 2001- January 2002 Idylwel Manor. Assisted seniors with various activities such as nail painting, baking and bowling Transported seniors to and from activities
Hobbies: On my spare time, I enjoy dancing, playing soccer, and travelling a great deal
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APPENDIX 3 Gantt Chart
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APPENDIX 4
2-year and 100-year Frequency Events
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2-year and 100- year Frequency Events
The 2 year and 100 year frequency drainage event are reoccurring floods that occur based upon historical data about rainfall and stream stage. The term "100-year flood" is used in an attempt to simplify the definition of a flood that statistically has a 1-percent chance of occurring in any given year. Likewise, the term "100-year storm" is used to define a rainfall event that statistically has this same 1-percent chance of occurring. In other words, over the course of 1 million years, these events would be expected to occur 10,000 times. But, just because it rained 10 inches in one day last year doesn't mean it can't rain 10 inches in one day again this year (USGS). Recurrence intervals for the annual peak stream flow at a given location change if there are significant changes in the flow patterns at that location, possibly caused by an impoundment or diversion of flow. The effects of development (conversion of land from forested or agricultural uses to commercial, residential, or industrial uses) on peak flows is generally much greater for low-recurrence interval floods than for high-recurrence interval floods, such as 25- 50- or 100-year floods. During these larger floods, the soil is saturated and does not have the capacity to absorb additional rainfall. Under these conditions, essentially all of the rain that falls, whether on paved surfaces or on saturated soil, runs off and becomes stream flow (USGS). Whereas for a 2 year event these developments may have a smaller impact on the 2 year flow events. A hypothetical example to help better understand the 2 year and 100 year events is: The recurrence interval is based on the probability that the given event will be equaled or exceeded in any given year (USGS). Assume there is a 1 in 50 chance that 6.60 inches of rain will fall in a certain area in a 24-hour period during any given year. Thus, a rainfall total of 6.60 inches in a consecutive 24-hour period is said to have a 50-year recurrence interval (USGS). Likewise, using a frequency analysis (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982) there is a 1 in 100 chance that a stream flow of 15,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) will occur during any year at a certain streamflow-measurement site. Thus, a peak flow of 15,000 ft3/s at the site is said to have a 100-year recurrence interval (USGS).
Recurrence Probability of Percent chance of interval, in years occurrence in any occurrence in any given given year year 100 1 in 100 1 2 1 in 2 50
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APPENDIX 5 HEC-GeoHMS
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HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoHMS or Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension is software that is compatible with ESRI’s ArcGIS. It is a dynamic tool that is fully functional within ArcGIS, this program and makes it easy for people with little GIS experience to run hydrological models. HEC-GeoHMS uses ArcView and the Spatial Analyst extension to develop a number of hydrologic modeling inputs for the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System, HEC-HMS (USACE). ArcView GIS and its Spatial Analyst extension are available from the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) The Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) has been developing computer software for hydrologic engineering and planning analysis procedures since its inception in 1964 (USACE). Although this software is developed to meet the needs of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' planning and engineering communities, it is also available to the public whenever appropriate (USACE). Within ArcGIS HEC-GeoHMS transforms the drainage paths and watershed boundaries into a hydrologic data structure that represents the drainage network. Once HEC-GeoHMS has transformed these paths, the program allows users to visualize spatial information, document watershed characteristics, perform spatial analysis, and delineate sub basins and streams (USACE).
One other outstanding feature within this program it the ability it has to create data. This program features a completely integrated work environment including a database, data entry utilities, computation engine, and results reporting tools (USACE). A graphical user interface allows the seamless movement between the different parts of the program (USACE). Program functionality and appearance are the same across all supported platforms (USACE). This will be beneficial when attempting to populate the database. Additional interactive capabilities allow users to construct a hydrological schematic of the watershed at stream gauges, hydraulic structures and other control points (USACE). Therefore HEC-GeoHMS will provide us with a detail hydrological analysis for each of the years under study.
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APPENDIX 6 Air Photos and Remotely Sensed Imagery
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Air Photos and Remotely Sensed Imagery
Unlike maps, which portray the physical and cultural landscape with generalized symbols and colors, aerial photography reveals the terrain as it exists in nature. All buildings, bridges, roads, urban and rural areas, and other man-made features are depicted as they were at the time of photography (berkeley.edu). Physical features, such as vegetation type and distribution, river widths and courses, shorelines, landslide areas, etc. are shown with detail that no map can depict (berkeley.edu). This is why air photos of this area are important to analyze. By analyzing these air photos detailed changes will be able to be distinguished of the Coyle Creek Watershed area. Aerial photography is, therefore, extremely useful for specific site evaluation and for regional analysis, as well as for historical perspectives. It is used by engineers, architects, city and regional planners, geographers, geologists and historians. The majority of photos are 9 x 9 inch contact prints with stereographic coverage (berkeley.edu). Within this project air photo images will be retrieved from Brock Universities Map Library for the years 1934, 1954/55, 1965, 1978, 1995 and 2002. Analysis of these photos will take place by using air photo interpretation techniques as well as supervised classification of the air photos. A type of automatic multi-spectral image interpretation in which the user supervises feature classification by setting up prototypes (collections of sample points) for each feature, class, or land cover to be mapped (gisdevelopment). Various techniques will be used to define features and changes in features within this project.
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