Insect Fauna of Korea

Volume 13, Number 12 Pteromalinae

Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment

Insect Fauna of Korea

Volume 13, Number 12

Pteromalinae

Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae

2019

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Insect Fauna of Korea Volume 13, Number 12 Pteromalinae Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae

Copyright © 2019 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN: 978-89-6811-419-9(96470), 978-89-94555-00-3(Set) Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1480592-001637-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher: National Institute of Biological Resources Authors: Jong-Wook Lee, Jin-Kyung Choi and Guk-Hyang Ko (Yeungnam University) Project Staff: Jinwhoa YUM, Junmi Hur, Seon-Yi Kim Published on November 30, 2019 Insect Fauna of Korea

Volume 13, Number 12

Pteromalinae

Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae

Jong-Wook Lee, Jin-Kyung Choi and Guk-Hyang Ko Yeungnam University The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. PREFACE

Biological resources include all organisms and their genetic characteristics. Conservation and utiliza- tion of these resources have the capacity to improve human life and to enhance the world. Therefore it is required that the practical and potential values of these organisms are conserved and used wisely. The first step towards this goal is to document our biological diversity and to investigate them in detail. Biological resources increase the competitiveness of a nation through their use as fundamental resources for making highly valued products, such as new lines of cultivar, materials, and drugs. Many countries in the world are responsible for preserving their biodiversity and using the sustainable ways. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) of Korea has established “CBD-CHM Korea” to share of information of biodiversity. Each nation in the world is investigating and clearing information of native species within its territory. The National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of MOE has published the ‘Flora and Fauna of Korea’ since 2009 to manage biological resources in comprehensive ways and to enhance national compe titiveness by building up the foundation for the sovereignty rights over biological resources. Professional research groups, consisting of professors and other taxonomic experts, have systematically examined 15,545 species of vascular plants, animals and other organisms over the past 10 years and have published their find- ings in 191 volumes in Korean and 196 volumes in English, and two volumes of monographs covering 216 species of invertebrates. This year, 21 volumes of the Flora and Fauna of Korea in both Korean and English versions including 704 species of vascular plants, invertebrates and insects are additionally published. The NIBR will continue to publish and research of flora and fauna of Korea that contribute conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. Finally, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to authors who made efforts in writing the manuscripts of the Flora and Fauna of Korea.

Prof. Dr. Yeon Jae Bae President National Institute of Biological Resources

CONTENTS

List of Taxa 4 Introduction 8 Materials and Methods 9 Taxonomic Notes 14 1. Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao) 19 2. Anisopteromalus apiovorus Rasplus 22 3. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) 22 4. Caenacis peroni Kamijo 24 5. Callitula fulvipes Kamijo 26 6. Chlorocytus koreanus Kamijo 28 7. Conomorium patulum (Walker) 30 8. Coruna clavata Walker 32 9. Coruna laevis Kamijo and Takada 34 10. Cryptoprymna curta Huang 36 11. Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché) 38 12. Diconocara petiolata Dzhanokmen 41 13. Diglochis sylvicola (Walker) 43 14. Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker) 45 15. Erdoesina boarmiae Bouček 48 16. Euneura sopolis (Walker) 50 17. Euneura lachni (Ashmead) 52 18. Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) 54 19. Gastracanthus nigrescens Kamijo 56 20. Holcaeus stylatus Graham 58 21. Homoporus febriculosus (Girault) 61 22. Homoporus luniger (Nees) 63 23. Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh and Lee 65 24. Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist 67 25. Janssoniella magna Tselikh and Lee 68 26. Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) 70 27. Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo 72 28. Mesopolobus amaenus (Walker) 76

1 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

29. Mesopolobus laticornis (Walker) 78 30. Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker) 80 31. Mesopolobus yasumatsui Kamijo 82 32. Miscogasteriella sulcata (Kamijo) 83 33. Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh 86 34. Mokrzeckia pini (Hartig) 88 35. Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders 89 36. Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) 91 37. Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd and Girault) 94 38. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) 95 39. Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché) 97 40. Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren) 100 41. Pachyneuron solitarium (Hartig) 102 42. Panstenon oxylus (Walker) 104 43. Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead 106 44. Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo 108 45. Plutothrix trifasciata (Thomson) 110 46. Psilocera concolor (Thomson) 112 47. Psilocera obscura Walker 114 48. Psilonotus adamas Walker 116 49. Pteromalus cardui (Erdös) 119 50. Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus) 120 51. Rakosina deplanata Bouček 123 52. Rhopalicus quadratus (Ratzeburg) 124 53. Spaniopus japonicus Kamijo 127 54. Sphegigaster anamudiensis Sureshan and Narendran 128 55. Sphegigaster brunneicornis (Ferrière) 130 56. Sphegigaster hamugurivora Ishii 132 57. Sphegigaster hypocyrta Huang 133 58. Stenomalina laticeps (Walker) 135 59. Stenomalina micans (Olivier) 137 60. Synedrus kasparyani Tselikh 139 61. Syntomopus incurvus Walker 141 62. Syntomopus thoracicus Walker 143 63. Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford) 146

2 CONTENTS

64. Trichomalopsis closterae Kamijo 147 65. Trichomalopsis deplanata Kamijo and Grissell 149 66. Trichomalopsis oryzae Kamijo and Grissell 150 67. Trichomalopsis pappi Kamijo 151 68. Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford 152 69. Trigonoderus fraxini Yang 154 70. Trigonoderus nigrocephalus Kamijo 156 71. Vrestovia fidenas (Walker) 158

Literatures Cited 161 Plates 169 Index to Scientific Names 232

3 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

LIST OF TAXA

Class Insecta Order Hymenoptera Family Pteromalidae Subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820 Genus Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd, 1915 Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao, 1988) Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912 Anisopteromalus apiovorus Rasplus, 1988 Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) Genus Caenacis Förster, 1856 Caenacis peroni Kamijo, 1981 Genus Callitula Spinola, 1811 Callitula fulvipes Kamijo,1981 Genus Chlorocytus Graham, 1956 Chlorocytus koreanus Kamijo, 1983 Genus Conomorium Masi, 1924 Conomorium patulum (Walker, 1835) Genus Coruna Walker, 1833 Coruna clavata Walker, 1833 Coruna laevis Kamijo and Takada, 1973 Genus Cryptoprymna Förster, 1856 Cryptoprymna curta Huang, 1986 Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856 Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché, 1834) Genus Diconocara Dzhanokmen, 1986 Diconocara petiolata Dzhanokmen, 1986 Genus Diglochis Förster, 1856 Diglochis sylvicola (Walker, 1835) Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946 Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker, 1836) Genus Erdoesina Graham, 1957 Erdoesina boarmiae Bouček, 1967

4 LIST OF TAXA

Genus Euneura Walker, 1844 Euneura sopolis (Walker, 1840) Euneura lachni (Ashmead, 1887) Genus Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo, 1960) Gastracanthus nigrescens Kamijo, 1960 Genus Holcaeus Thomson, 1878 Holcaeus stylatus Graham, 1969 Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878 Homoporus febriculosus (Girault, 1917) Homoporus luniger (Nees, 1834) Genus Janssoniella Kerrich, 1957 Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh and Lee, 2017 Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist, 1968 Janssoniella magna Tselikh and Lee, 2017 Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909 Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841) Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo, 1981 Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833 Mesopolobus amaenus (Walker, 1834) Mesopolobus laticornis (Walker, 1834) Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker, 1834) Mesopolobus yasumatsui Kamijo, 1981 Genus Miscogasteriella Girault, 1915 Miscogasteriella sulcata (Kamijo, 1962) Genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh, 2012 Mokrzeckia pini (Hartig, 1838) Genus Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders, 1910 Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, 1910 Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904 Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917 Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd and Girault, 1915) Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904

5 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834) Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872) Pachyneuron solitarium (Hartig, 1838) Genus Panstenon Walker, 1846 Panstenon oxylus (Walker, 1839) Genus Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894 Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead, 1894 Genus Plutothrix Förster, 1856 Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo, 2004 Plutothrix trifasciata (Thomson, 1878) Genus Psilocera Walker, 1833 Psilocera concolor (Thomson, 1878) Psilocera obscura Walker, 1833 Genus Psilonotus Walker, 1834 Psilonotus adamas Walker, 1834 Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795 Pteromalus cardui (Erdös, 1953) Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Rakosina Bouček, 1956 Rakosina deplanata Bouček, 1956 Genus Rhopalicus Förster, 1856 Rhopalicus quadratus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Genus Spaniopus Walker, 1833 Spaniopus japonicus Kamijo, 1981 Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811 Sphegigaster anamudiensis Sureshan and Narendran, 1997 Sphegigaster brunneicornis (Ferrière, 1930) Sphegigaster hamugurivora Ishii, 1953 Sphegigaster hypocyrta Huang, 1990 Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946 Stenomalina laticeps (Walker, 1850) Stenomalina micans (Olivier, 1813) Genus Synedrus Graham, 1956

6 LIST OF TAXA

Synedrus kasparyani Tselikh, 2013 Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833 Syntomopus incurvus Walker, 1833 Syntomopus thoracicus Walker, 1833 Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913 Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford, 1911) Trichomalopsis closterae Kamijo, 1983 Trichomalopsis deplanata Kamijo and Grissell, 1982 Trichomalopsis oryzae Kamijo and Grissell, 1982 Trichomalopsis pappi Kamijo, 1983 Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford, 1913 Genus Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832 Trigonoderus fraxini Yang, 1996 Trigonoderus nigrocephalus Kamijo, 2000 Genus Vrestovia Bouček, 1961 Vrestovia fidenas (Walker, 1848)

7 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

INTRODUCTION

The superfamily Chalcidoidea is one of the 22 superfamilies (except one fossil superfamily) in suborder Apocrita (order Hymenoptera, class Insecta) (Alexandre P. Aguiar et al., 2015). A number of researchers have studied the system of classification of this superfamily, and until recent- ly, it has been known that this superfamily consists of the 23 families: Agaonidae, Aphelinidae, Azotidae, Chalcididae, Cynipencyrtidae, Encyrtidae, Eriaporidae, Eucharitidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomi- dae, Khutelchalcididae, Leucospidae, Megastigmidae, Mymaridae, Ormyridae, Perilampidae, Pteromalidae, Rotoitidae, Signiphoridae, Tanaostigmatidae, Tetracampidae, Torymidae and Trichogrammatidae (Petr Jans- ta et al., 2017; Noyes, 2018). Currently the largest family is the Eulophidae with nearly 4,500 included species followed closely by the Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae. Among them the Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820 is currently includes 588 genera and 3,506 species placed in 31 subfamilies. Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820 is most large subfamily in Pteromalidae that currently includes 314 genera and 2,073 extant species have been described (Noyes, 2018). This group is probably the most difficult Chalcidoidea family to define classifically or phenetically. No single feature or suite of features will separate all species of Pteromalidae from all other families. The life-histories of taxa in this family are extremely varied, and the group as a whole embraces many of the lifeway exhibited by insect parasitoids. There are solitary and gregarious species, ectoparasitoids and endoparasitoids, koinobionts and idiobionts, primary and secondary parasitoids and even predators. Most species of Pteromalinae occur in Holarctic and Australian regions (Graham, 1969; Bouček, 1988; Rasplus and Bouček, 1991). Eastern Palearctic fauna of Pteromalinae was studied particularly by some tax- onomists. The Russian Far East fauna of subfamily Pteromalinae was studied by Tselikh (2014). Japanese Pteromalinae were reviewed in several studies by K. Kamijo and were recorded 97 species from 43 genera in japan (Noyes, 2018). Respectively only 94 species distributed in 26 genera and 210 species distributed in 103 genera were reported in large territories of China and Russia (Noyes, 2018) Unfortunately, such well distinguishable group of Pteromalid wasp is very poorly studied in Korea. Cho (1955) recorded South Korean species Dibrachys cavus (Walker), Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster), Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus) for the first time in Pteromalinae that is the first record in Pteromalidae from Korea. After that, more often it is written by japanese systematist Kamijo K. (1983). Finally the Kore- an Pteromalinae were reviewed by Cho (1955), Paik and Paik (1958, 1978, 1994), Kamijo (1983), Tselikh et al. (2017) and Ko et al. (2018). As a result since 1955 up to date recorded only 31 species from 22 genera in Korea (2017). The current total is 71 species in 43 genera of Pteromalinae known from Korea, in this paper.

8 MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We have assembled more than 2,000 specimens of Pteromalinae from Korea and have borrowed specimens deposited in the following institutions: Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Korea; Department of Life Science, Yonsei University, Korea; Korea national arboretum, Korea and Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary (HNHM). And authors borrowed type species and voucher specimens from Department of Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University, Japan (EIHU). All photographs were obtained using an AxioCam MRc5 camera attached to a stereo microscope (Zeiss SteREO Discovery. V20; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany), processed using Axio Vision SE64 software (Carl Zeiss), and optimized with a Delta imaging system (i-solution; IMT i-Solution Inc., Vancouver, Canada). All the materials examined are deposited in the Department of Biology, Yeungnam University in Korea. The terminology for morphological features mostly follows that of Gibson (1997). The following is a list of museum and institutions used in the taxonomic revision. These abbreviations are mainly based on the Chalcidoidea Database (Noyes, 2018) of Natural History Museum website. (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/chalcidoids/database/depositories.dsml).

BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom EIHU: Entomological Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Japan HC: Hedqvist Collection, Sweden HDOU: Hope Department, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary IARI: Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, India INHS: Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America IZAS: Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China LCLS: Linnaeus Collection, Linnean Society, London, United Kingdom LUZN: Zoological Museum, Lund University, Sweden MHNG: Muséum d̓Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland MLSF: Museum “La Specola”, Florence, Italy MNHN: Muséum National dʹHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France MPQC: Laval University, Quebec, Canada NHMV: Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria NHRM: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden NMBE: Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Berne, Switzerland NMID: National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

9 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

NMP: Narodni Muzeum v Praze, Prague, Czech Republic NWCF: Northwestern College of Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China QMB: Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia SAMA: South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia SJCA: St John̓s College, Agra, India SNME: National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom USNM: United States Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., United States of America YNU: Yeungnam University Department of Life Sciences Lab. of Animal Systematics, Daegu, Korea ZISP: Zoological Institute, St Petersburg, Russia ZMHH: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ZSIK: Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Field Research Station, Calicut 673002, Kerala, India ZSMM: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany

The following are abbreviations of Korean provinces and indices used in the paper. GG, Gyeonggi-do; GW, Gangwon-do; CB, Chungcheongbuk-do; CN, Chungcheongnam-do; GB, Gyeo- ngsangbuk-do; GN, Gyeongsangnam-do; JB, Jellabuk-do; JN, Jellanam-do. TD, Type depository; TL, Type locality; TS, Type species. Abbreviations used for terms in text and on plates of illustrations: an, anellus; ax, axilla; bc, basal cell; bf, basal fold; cal, callus; cc, costal cell; cl, clava; clm, clypeal margin; dic, fore wing disc; dor, dorsellum; EH, eye height; EL, eye length; fla, flagellum; fr, marginal fringe; fra, frenal area; fu1-fu6, funicular segments 1-6; gen, gena; gt1-gt7, gastral tergites 1-7; HH, head height; HL, head length; HW, head width; IOD, inner orbit distance; lep, lower mesepimeron; les, lower mesepisternum; M, marginal vein; msc, mesoscutum; mo, median ocellus; msp, malar space; nt, notaulus; nuc, nucha; OOL, ocello-ocular line; P, postmarginal vein; pdl, pedicel; po, posterior ocellus; POL, posterior ocellar line; pre, prepectus; pro, propodeum; pss, postspiracular sulcus; ptl, petiole; S, stigmal vein; sc, scape; scb, scrobe; sct, scutellum; SM, submarginal vein; sp, spiracle; st, stigma; tg, tegula; TL, temple length; tmp, temple; tor, torulus; uep, upper mesepimeron; ues, upper mesepisternum; un, uncus; vtx, vertex. All the materials examined are deposited in the Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University in Ko- rea (except loan specimens).

10 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fig. 1. Habitus of subfamily Pteromalinae.

Fig. 2. Morphological terminology of head in frontal view. Fig. 3. Morphological terminology of head in lateral view.

11 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Fig. 4. Morphological terminology of head in dorsal view. Fig. 5. Morphological terminology of mesosoma in lateral view.

Fig. 6. Morphological terminology of wing in dorsal view and antenna in lateral view.

12 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fig. 7. Morphological terminology of mesosoma in dorsal view.

Fig. 8. Morphological terminology of propodeum in dorsal view.

13 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

TAXONOMIC NOTES

Class Insecta

Order Hymenoptera

Family Pteromalidae

A key to Subfamilies of Pteromalidae from South Korea

1. Antenna exceed five funicular segments include anelli; vein variety form...... 2 - Antenna‌ with five funicular segments without anelli; marginal vein long, stigmal vein and postmarginal vein very short...... Pireninae 2. Antenna at most 12-segmented; anelli absent...... 3 - Antenna minimum 13-segmented; anelli one to three...... 4 3. Gaster sessile...... Cleonyminae - At least mesosoma with distinct punctures; with distinct petiole...... Spalangiinae 4. Marginal vein as long as stigmal vein; occipital carina horseshoe and distinct...... Asaphinae - Marginal vein variety form; occipital carina generally absent and if present, not horseshoe...... 5 5. Margin of clypeus with distinctly asymmetric teeth, deep incision in middle part...... Miscogasterinae - Margin of clypeus symmetric or without teeth, sometimes with median tooth...... Pteromalinae

Subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820

Diagnosis: Members of this subfamily have the following morphological characters: small to very large species, body slender to quite robust, from 1 to 50 mm in length. Body usually metallic, often black with distinct punctures. Antenna with 8-13 segments; almost all species with two anelli. Postmarginal vein and stigmal vein well developed. All legs with tarsi five-segmented (except Zebe La Salle, with all tarsi four-segmented); fore tibial spur curved and bifid.

Type: Pteromalus.

14 PTEROMALIDAE

Species: over 2,073 (71 in Korea).

Distribution: Worldwide.

Korea: GW, GG, CB, CN, GB, GN, JB, JN.

Key to the genera of Korean Pteromalinae Dalman

1. Body size minimum 1.8 mm, usually slender. Antenna with two to three anelli...... 2 - Body size various not over 3.0 mm. Antenna with two anelli...... 6 2. Clypeus with deep anterior tentorial pits; prepectus flat, anterior part without distinct vertical carina...... 3 - Clypeus‌ without deep anterior tentorial pits; prepectus triangular, anterior part with distinct vertical carina.‌ ...... 4 3. Gaster‌ with distinctly short petiole and shiny; posterior margin of gt1 medially produced. Pronotum 0.7× as long as mesoscutum, without collar. Clypeal margin truncate...... Gastracanthus Westwood - Gaster‌ sessile, petiole-like transverse line; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Pronotum shorter, with very short collar. Clypeal margin slightly produced...... Janssoniella Kerrich 4. Basal cell of fore wing almost bare; speculum present, reaching below to cubital vein...... ‌ ...... Plutothrix Förster - Basal‌ cell of fore wing with extensive pilosity; speculum absent or small, not reaching below to cubital vein‌ ...... 5 5. Gaster‌ with distinctly petiole broader than high; propodeum with three furrows. Margin of clypeus emagi- nate...... Miscogasteriella Girault - Gaster sessile; propodeum with median carina. Margin of clypeus with small median tooth...... ‌ ...... Trigonoderus Westwood 6. Notauli complete, reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum...... 7 - Notauli incomplete, not reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum...... 13 7. Clypeus‌ with three sharp teeth; if without teeth, scutellum separated from mesoscutum by broad curved depression...... 8 - Clypeus‌ often without teeth; if with tooth, maximum only two. Scutellum not separated from mesoscutum‌ ...... 9 8. Notauli‌ deep. Petiole broader than high. Margin of clypeus without median tooth, either truncate, slightly arched, or with two blunt or sharp teeth. Gt1 covering most of gaster; posterior margin of gt1 truncate...... ‌ ...... Notoglyptus Masi - Notauli‌ shallow. Petiole longer than broad. Margin of clypeus with three sharp teeth. Gt1 covering only half of gaster; posterior margin of gt1 emarginated...... Syntomopus Walker 9. Clypeus‌ with two obtuse teeth. Petiole longer than propodeum, dorsally reticulate. Gt1 longer than broad, covering almost or entirely distal tergites. Female antenna clavate, clava obliquely truncate...... ‌

15 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

...... Cryptoprymna Förster - Clypeus without teeth. Petiole different transverse to slightly elongate. Gt1 not much longer than broad‌ ...... 10 10. Margin of clypeus truncate; marginal vein slender...... 11 - Margin of clypeus emarginate or produced; marginal vein thickened...... 12 11. Petiole‌ slightly long than broad. Antennae inserted at center of face. Propodeum with weak median‌ carina. Pronotum without sharply carinate...... Diconocara Dzhanokmen - Petiole‌ wider than long. Antennae inserted slightly above center. Propodeum without median carina. Pronotum with sharply carinate...... Paracarotomus Ashmead 12. Clypeal‌ margin slightly emarginate. Antennae inserted high above center. Pronotum roundly. Notauli normal...... Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd - Clypeal‌ margin angularly produced. Antennae inserted below center. Pronotum roundly and sharply carinate. Notauli deep and broad...... Coruna Walker 13. Gaster sessile...... 14 - Gaster with petiole ...... 26 14. Marginal‌ vein thickened in proximal half and attenuated in distal half. Flagellum with at most one anellus and seven or eight funicular segments (only female)...... Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders - Marginal vein slender. Flagellum with at least two anelli and five or six funicular segments...... 15 15. Clypeus‌ with obtuse two teeth. Mesosoma dorsally depressed, scutellum flat, often shiny as its sculpture is more or slightly obliterated. Antennae inserted far below center of face, often below ocular line. Collar of pronotum carinate...... Psilonotus Walker - Clypeus‌ without teeth. Mesosoma dorsally not depressed. Antennae inserted distinctly below middle or middle. Collar of pronotum often shallow...... 16 16. Propodeum‌ without median carina and without strong costula. Stigma more bilobed...... ‌ ...... Dinotiscus Ghesquière - Propodeum with median carina; some species with strong costula. Stigma not bilobed...... 17 17. Clypeal margin emarginate (bilobed)...... 18 - Clypeal margin truncate or if emarginate not bilobed...... 19 18. Notauli‌ shallow. Postmarginal vein 1.5× as long as marginal vein. Propodeum with median carina. Clypeus bilobed...... Rhopalicus Förster - Notauli‌ distinct. Postmarginal vein 1.1× as long as marginal vein. Propodeum with strong costula. Clypeus deeply emarginate medially, with strong striate...... Caenacis Förster 19. Antenna‌ with three anelli; inserted slightly below center. Propodeum not flat; with distinctly median carina only in anterior half. Collar edge of pronotum rounded. Gaster conical; posterior margin of gt1 angularly produced...... Anisopteromalus Ruschka - Antenna‌ with two anelli. Propodeum flat or convex; with distinctly complete median carina. Collar edge

16 PTEROMALIDAE

of pronotum often carinate. Gaster conical or cylindrical; posterior margin of gt1 emarginate...... 20 20. Antennae‌ inserted high above center of face. Prepectus comparatively large, at least as long as tegula, its surface reticulate. Propodeum usually half as long as scutellum, with irregular longitudinal carinae, without costula. Gaster lanceolate...... Chlorocytus Graham - Antennae‌ inserted slightly below center of face. Prepectus at least as long as tegula. Propodeum usually at least half as long as scutellum. Gaster cylindrical or conical...... 21 21. Postmarginal‌ vein often 1.1× as long as or even shorter than stigmal vein; outer margin of wing often without fringe. Gaster often shorter than mesosoma...... 22 - Postmarginal‌ vein at least l.2× as long as stigmal vein; outer wing margin mostly with fringe. Gaster shorter or longer than mesosoma...... 24 22. Eyes with distinct pilosity. Outer margin of fore wing with fringe...... Diglochis Förster - Eyes‌ distinctly bare, at most with some sparse and very short hairs. Outer margin of fore wing without fringe...... 23 23. Propodeum with distinct punctate nucha. Occipital margin shallowly transverse ridge....Nasonia Ashmead - Propodeum‌ without nucha, at most with short raised nuchal strip or low triangle. Occipital margin sharply transverse ridge...... Dibrachys Förster 24. Forewing entirely pilose, without speculum; marginal vein 3.5× as long as stigmal vein...... ‌ ...... Rakosina Bouček - Forewing basal cell bare, with speculum; marginal vein as long as stigmal vein...... 25 25. Meta‌ coxa dorsally bare. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate or truncate. Propodeum with conspicuous globose nucha, mostly without median carina...... Trichomalopsis Crawford - Meta‌ coxa hairy dorsally in proximal part. Clypeal margin emarginate. Propodeum with conspicuous subglobose nucha and median carina...... Spaniopus Walker 26. Marginal vein thickened...... 27 - Marginal vein slender...... 30 27. Marginal‌ vein equally thickened, distinctly longer than stigmal vein. Antenna with three anelli and five funicular segments...... Pachycrepoideus Ashmead - Marginal‌ vein not equally thickened (basal part or apical part more thickened). Antenna with two anelli and six funicular segments...... 28 28. Clypeus with obtuse two teeth. Antennae inserted slightly high above center...... Euneura Walker - Clypeus without teeth. Antennae inserted at center or below center...... 29 29. Petiole‌ longer than broad; gt1 enlarged. Clypeal margin slightly produced. Notauli shallow. Stigma slender. Antennae inserted at center of face; funicular segments wider than long. Postmarginal vein obviously longer than marginal vein and stigmal vein...... Pachyneuron Walker - Petiole‌ slightly broader than high; gt1 normal. Clypeal margin produced. Notauli reaching to 3/4 of‌ mesoscutum. Stigma swollen not bilobed. Antennae inserted below center of face; funicular segments

17 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

very short, resemble three anelli. Postmarginal vein as long as stigmal vein...... Vrestovia Bouček 30. Antennal clava distinctly acute...... 31 - Antennal clava not acute...... 32 31. Antenna‌ with three anelli and five funicular segments. Petiole slightly broader than high. Propodeum produced with distinctly subglobose nucha. Gt1 or gt2, evidently enlarged...... Callitula Spinola - Antenna‌ with two anelli and six funicular segments; if antenna with three anelli, propodeum not produced. Gt2 not enlarged...... Homoporus Thomson 32. Clypeus with tooth includes median tooth; if without teeth, antenna with three anelli...... 34 - Clypeus without teeth. Antenna with two anelli...... 37 34. Antenna‌ with three anelli. Collar carinate. Antennae inserted clearly below center of face. Postmarginal vein as long as stigmal vein...... Mesopolobus Westwood - Antenna‌ with two anelli. Collar bumpy, round, or slightly carinate (almost roundly). Antennal insertion clearly at center of face. Vein variety form...... 35 35. Clypeus‌ with distinct median tooth. Petiole extremely short. Notauli distinct. Postmarginal vein longer than marginal vein and stigmal vein. Pronotal collar distinct...... Stenomalina Ghesquière - Clypeus‌ with two teeth. Petiole distinct. Notauli shallow. Postmarginal vein only longer than marginal vein or as long as marginal vein. Pronotal collar shallow...... 36 36. Collar‌ roundly without blunt teeth. Petiole slightly broader than high. Propodeum with at least weak costula crossing median carina...... Psilocera Walker - Pronotum‌ with anterior subrectangular edge often with several blunt teeth. Petiole longer than broad and longer than propodeum, dorsally with dense reticulation. Propodeum without median carina; also densely reticulate...... Sphegigaster Spinola 37. Petiole‌ longer than broad. Notauli deep. Stigma of fore wing not swollen. Antennae inserted distinctly above middle of the very convex face. Antennae, legs and wings very slender. Fore wing more than 3.0 × as long as broad, almost entirely pilose...... Panstenon Walker - Petiole‌ extremely short or broader than high. Notauli shallow. Stigma of fore wing often swollen. Antennae inserted distinctly below middle or middle. Fore wing less than 3.0× as long as broad...... 38 38. Propodeum‌ without median carina, in some species with distinct costula. Postmarginal vein longer than marginal vein or as long as marginal vein...... 39 - Propodeum‌ with distinctly median carina, without distinct costula. Postmarginal vein shorter than marginal vein...... 41 39. Stigma‌ of fore wing swollen. Propodeum without median carina. Prepectus normal or large not smaller than tegula. Propodeum often shorter than half of scutellum...... 40 - Stigma‌ of fore wing not swollen. Propodeum without median carina or with transverse costula. Prepectus small, usually shorter than tegula with smooth surface, usually concave. Propodeum often as long as half of scutellum...... Pteromalus Swederus

18 PTEROMALIDAE: Acroclisoides

40. Propodeum‌ with plicae far from spiracles, sinuate. Gaster cylindrical. Each segment of flagellum quadrate or oblong...... Lariophagus Crawford - Propodeum‌ steep without plicae, with distinctly reticulate nucha. Gaster conical. Each segments of flagellum quadrate...... Synedrus Graham 41. Clypeal margin emarginate (bilobed)...... 42 - Clypeal margin truncate or, if emarginate not bilobed...... 43 42. Each‌ flagellar segment with two rows of dense sensilla. Propodeum with deeply arcuately excised posterior margin, median area reticulate. Pronotum very short in dorsal view; sharply carinate. Gaster conical‌ ...... Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki - Each‌ flagellar segment with dense sensilla. Propodeum shiny; with median carina; not deeply arcuately excised posterior margin. Pronotum short in dorsal view, without sharply carinate. Gaster subcircular‌ ...... Erdoesia Bouček 43. Fu1‌ longer than any funicular segments. Fore wing with sparse pilosity; marginal vein less than 1.5× as long as stigmal vein, often longer than postmarginal vein...... Conomorium Masi - Fu1‌ as long as any funicular segment. Fore wing with pilosity; marginal vein as long as postmarginal vein‌ ...... Holcaeus Thomson

Genus Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd, 1915

Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd, 1915 Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd, 1915: 344. TS: Acroclisoides megacephalus Girault and Dodd, by original designation. Neocoruna Huang and Liao, 1988: 426. TS: Neocoruna sinica Huang and Liao; synonymy by Xiao and Huang, 2000: 96.

Diagnosis: Head broad in frontal view, occipital carina complete; antenna inserted high above center of face; notauli complete. Gaster with subquadrate petiole, smooth and flat dorsally (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

1. Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao, 1988) (Pl. 1)

Neocoruna sinica Huang and Liao, 1988: 427. Holotype: female; TL: China; TD: IZAS; combination by Huang and Liao, 2000: 94.

19 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Description: Male. Body length 2.0-2.8 mm. Fore wing length 1.8 mm. COLOR: Head except vertex and posterior surface of head dark metallic green; vertex, scrobal depression and head in lateral view, posterior surface of gena basally of malar sulcus slightly dark metallic greenish. Eye light gray, ocelli hyaline yellow. Mandible pale yellow, teeth brown. Scape and pedicel yellowish brown, anelli and fu1-fu5 slightly brown, fu6 pale yellow, clava slightly brown. Mesosoma include lateral part and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Pro coxa and meta coxa metallic bluish black, meso coxa and trochanters yellowish brown; femora and tibiae with pale yellow, knee brownish yellow, tarsi brownish yellow, claws and arolia dark. Gt1 brown to black; gaster brown to metallic bluish black. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; with conspicuous occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes almost invisible in frontal view of the head; areas of between scrobes and eyes striate-reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and distinct emarginate. Antenna insert high above centre; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second slightly longer than first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 23, width: 53, height: 30; POL: 10; OOL: 11; eye height: 12, length: 18; IOD: 38; eye length dorsally: 9; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 2; mouth width: 18; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 21; scape length: 16; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 45; fu1 length: 5, width: 3; fu6 length: 4, width: 3; clava length: 8, width: 3. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and prepectus smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse without carina; prepectus small. Notauli shallow, reaching mesoscutum. Scutellum moderately convex, frenal line weak, frenal area reticulated. Metapleuron reticulated; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, with reticulate and distinctly median carina and two small basal depressions, more deeper postspiracular sulci, with small, smooth and shiny nucha; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Fore wing with marginal setae; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc densely pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein with pilose; stigma less capitate; in stigmal vein surrounded with densely brown hairs, small circle shape. Marginal vein thick, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal; costal vein of hind wing without incomplete row of hairs. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 44, width: 40, height: 27; mesoscutum length: 14; scutellum length: 20, width: 21; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 95, width: 47; marginal vein: 12;

20 PTEROMALIDAE: Anisopteromalus

stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 16; femur: 20; tibia: 23. METASOMA: Petiole transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 oblong elongate, posterior margin of tergites straight in dorsal view not incised. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 50, width: 35; gt1 length: 18, width: 7; petiole length: 3, width: 4. Female. Almost same with male.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ., 31.vii- 5.ix.2014, HY Han; 1♀♂, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 30.viii-25.x.2013, JW Lee; 4♀1♂, Korea, GN, Jinju-si, Ibanseong-myeon, Daecheon-ri, Gyeongsangnam-do For. Env. Res. Inst., 35°9ʹ39.7ʺN, 128°17ʹ41.3ʺE, 30.vi-15.vii.2013, JH Hwang; 2♀ 3♂, ditto, 16.ix-1.x.2013, JH Hwang. Distribution: Korea, China.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GW, GB, GN.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912

Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912 Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912: 243. TS: Anisopteromalus mollis Ruschka, by monotypy. Aplastomorpha Crawford, 1913: 252. TS: Aplastomorpha pratti Crawford, by monotypy; synonymy by Peck, 1951: 564.

Diagnosis: Propodeum not flat, with distinct median carina on part of anterior half. Collar edge rounded; scape reaching at lower margin of median ocellus. Posterior margin of gt1 angualarly produced (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912

1. Fu1‌ subcylindrical, proximally distinctly broader than third anellus and with two to three rows of longitudinal sensilla...... A. apiovorus Rasplus - Fu1‌ subconical, proximally at most slightly broader than third anellus and with one to two rows of longitudinal sensilla...... A. calandrae (Howard)

21 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

2. Anisopteromalus apiovorus Rasplus, 1988

Anisopteromalus apiovorus Rasplus, 1988: 120. Holotype: female; TL: Cote d̓Ivoire; TD: MNHN.

Description: Female. Body length 2.0-2.8 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma and coxae dark metallic green; gaster brown with metallic green to blue luster; scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; meso femur brown to black, meta femur brown with green to blue luster, basal part of meta femur metallic green, last segment of tarsus brown; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 2.1 times broader than long, 1.2 times broader than mesoscutum. Head in frontal view 1.3 times broader than high. Clypeal margin emarginate. High of eye 2.4 times as longer than malar space. Head and mesosoma reticulated, strongest on mesoscutum; fu1 longer than pedicel. MESOSOMA: 1.1 times longer than broad. Mesoscutum 1.95 times wider than long. Scutellum finely punctate, about as wide as long, with weak frenal line. Propodeum medially 0.6 times as long as scutellum, with distinct median carina, without nucha; propodeum finely reticulate. Marginal vein longer than postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.3 as long as stigmal vein. METASOMA: Gater sessile, acuate elongate, 2.1 times longer than wide, shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma. Posterior margin of gt1 produce dorsally. Male. fu1 as long as pedicel.

Specimen examined: 5♀2♂, Korea, GN, Gimhae-si, 10.xi.2012, Cheong; 13♀4♂, ditto, 21.vi.2013, Yoon (Changwon National University Dept. of Biology). Distribution: Korea, Cote d̓Ivoire, Congo. Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Afrotropical.

Korea: GN.

Korean record: Cho et al., 2014.

Remark: Modified of Cho et al., 2014 description.

3. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Pl. 61, A)

Pteromalus calandrae Howard, 1881: 273. Neotype: female, designated by Baur et al., 2014: 703; TL: United States of America; TD: NMBE; Meraporus; combination by Chittenden, 1896: 125; Lariophagus, Aplastomorpha; combination by Waterston, 1921: 10; synonymized with Lariophagus distinguendus by Gahan, 1921: 239; combination by Peck, 1951: 546.

22 PTEROMALIDAE: Anisopteromalus

Pteromalus oryzae Cameron, 1891: 184. Type undesignated; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 435. Meraporus vandinei Tucker, 1910: 343. Lectotype: female, designated by Baur et al., 2014: 701; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; Aplastomorpha; combination by Gahan, 1921: 239; synonymized with A. calandrae by Mani, 1938: 103; combination by De Santis, 1980: 231. Anisopteromalus mollis Ruschka, 1912: 243. Lectotype: female, designated by Baur et al., 2014: 701; TL: Austria; TD: NHMV; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 433. Aplastomorpha pratti Crawford, 1913: 252. Lectotype: female, designated by Baur et al., 2014: 701; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with A. vandinei by Gahan, 1951: 239; synonymized with A. calandrae by Mani, 1938: 103. Neocatolaccus australiensis Girault, 1913: 306. Lectotype: female, designated by Baur et al., 2014: 702; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; Aplastomorpha; combination by Girault, 1915: 313-314; synonymized with A. pratti by Girault, 1917: 152; with Meraporus vandinei by Gahan, 1921: 239; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 414. Bruchobius medius Masi, 1917: 176. Holotype: female; TL: Seychelles; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Bouček, 1976: 22. Neocatolaccus mamezophagus Ishii and Nagasawa, 1942: 67. Type undesignated; synonymy by Tachikawa, 1966: 99.

Description: Female. Body length 2.0 mm. COLOR: Head and mesosoma olive-green; gaster brown with metallic green to blue luster; scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; femora dark brown, posterior part yellowish brown; last segment of tarsus brown; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 2.1 times broader than length, 1.15 times broader than mesoscutum. Head in frontal view 1.3 times broader than high. Clypeal margin emarginate. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes. MESOSOMA: Propodeum with finely reticulate without nucha, mostly with distinct median carina. Fore wing speculum bare, setea on wing disc dark. Marginal vein longer than postmarginal vein. Postmarginal vein 1.3 times as long as stigmal vein. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, acuate elongate, 2.1 times longer than wide, shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma, less wide than mesoscutum. Posterior margin of gt1 produced dorsally. Male. Head, mesosoma and metasoma from half of base light brownish yellow, posterior part brown.

Specimen examined: Unexamined.

Distribution: Korea, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Germany,

23 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Greece, Guyana, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Madeira, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Myanmar, New Zealand, Ni- geria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia (Tselinograd Obl.), Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thai- land, Togo, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela, West Africa.

Region: Worldwide.

Korea: Unexamined.

Korean record: Ryoo et al., 1990; Chun et al., 1993.

Remark: Modified of Ruschk, 1912 description

Genus Caenacis Förster, 1856

Caenacis Förster, 1856 Caenacis Förster, 1856: 64. TS: Caenacis grandiclava Thomson.

Diagnosis: Antenna formula 11263. Pronotal coral carinate. Clypeal margin medially deeply emarginate and strongly striate. Propodeum about half as long as scutellum, with a strong costula. Gaster sessile (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

4. Caenacis peroni Kamijo, 1981 (Pl. 2)

Caenacis peroni Kamijo, 1981a: 272. Holotype: female; TL: Hokkaido; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.38 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with weakly golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape pale yellow, pedicel testaceous, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava yellowish brown. Mesosoma metallic green with weakly golden luster; metanotum metallic green with weakly blue luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic green with weakly golden luster; trochanters pale yellow; femora brown except tips; tibiae and knee pale yellow; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic black with weakly blue luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown to black. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, with sparse hairs, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anteri- or and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak.

24 PTEROMALIDAE: Caenacis

Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus medially of margin deeply emarginate, weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with strongly straight rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 as long as pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 32, width: 69, height: 52; POL: 16; OOL: 11; eye height: 32, length: 24; IOD: 44; eye length dorsally: 24; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 12; mouth width: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 27; scape length: 21; pedicel length: 8, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 64; fu1 length: 6, width: 4; fu6 length: 6, width: 6; clava length: 14, width: 6. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with sparse hairs; pronotum imbricate; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus small but larger than tegula, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum transverse and narrow dorsally; with sharp pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, not sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep puncture. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, about half as long as scutellum, with strong costula; postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum weakly arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by sparsely long hairs. Fore wing with long fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum large, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly bare, sparsely, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 95, width: 64, height: 57; mesoscutum length: 37; scutellum length: 34, width: 30; propodeum length: 17; fore wing length: 152, width: 68; marginal vein: 31; stigmal vein: 21; postmarginal vein: 25; femur: 42; tibia: 35. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 truncate, as long as one thirds of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 96, width: 53; gt1 length: 26, width: 47; petiole length: 5, width: 6. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 2♀, Korea, Unknown, 3.x.1975, JC Paik. Distribution: Korea, Japan.

25 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1981, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Callitula Spinola, 1811

Callitula Spinola, 1811 Callitula Spinola, 1811: 151. TS: Callitula bicolor Spinola. Micromelus Walker, 1833: 371. TS: Micromelus silanus Walker; designated by Westwood, 1839: 69. Pterosemoidea Girault, 1913: 10. TS: Pterosemoidea flavipes Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 439. Pseudosphegigasterus Girault, 1913: 32. TS: Pseudosphegigasterus grotiusi Girault, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 439. Apterosemoidea Girault, 1913: 103. TS: Apterosemoidea nigriviridis Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 439. Eurydinotella Girault, 1913: 105. TS: Eurydinotella prima Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 439. Eurydinotelleus Girault, 1913: 324. TS: Eurydinotelleus silvensis Girault, by monotypy. Pseudosphegigasterus Girault and Dodd, 1915: 333. TS: Pseudosphegigasterus grotiusi Girault and Dodd, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 439. Polycystomyia Dodd, 1915: 338. TS: Polycystomyia punctata Dodd, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 439.

Diagnosis: Antenna with three anelli and five funicular segments, apex of clava sharply acuminate. Peti- ole concealed under propodeum, neck-like constriction of propodeum, with reticulate and subglobose nucha. Gt1 also the second enlarged (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

5. Callitula fulvipes Kamijo, 1981 (Pl. 3)

Callitula fulvipes Kamijo, 1981b: 1. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 1.9 mm. Fore wing length 1.5 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black; vertex metallic bluish black with weakly green luster. Eye reddish

26 PTEROMALIDAE: Callitula

gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous, pedicel, first and second anelli yellowish brown, third anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava brown to black. Mesosoma metallic greenish black with weakly golden luster; metanotum and propodeum black without luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae testaceous to deep yellow; trochanters pale yellow; femora, tibiae and tarsi deep yellow, claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic black, gaster metallic black, medial and ventral parts of gt1-gt2 testaceous to deep yellow; ovipositor sheath black. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, with sparse hairs, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncated, weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with strong straight rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna with three anelli and five funicular segments, apex of clava sharply acuminate, insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 as long as pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally with visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 23, width: 52, height: 39; POL: 12; OOL: 9; eye height: 23, length: 16; IOD: 36; eye length dorsally: 14; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 9; mouth width: 11; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 24; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 42; fu1 length: 4, width: 35; fu6 length: 4, width: 4; clava length: 10, width: 4. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with sparse hairs; pronotum imbricate; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally shallowly imbricated; prepectus small but larger than tegula, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Prono- tum transverse and narrow dorsally; with distinct pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. Scutellum clearly convex in lateral view; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep puncture. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, as long as scutellum, without costula, with plicae; postspiracular sulci visible, with reticulate and subglobose nucha, posterior margin of propodeum weakly arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles small, oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by sparse long hairs. Fore wing with long fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly bare, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, post-

27 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

marginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 69, width: 39, height: 35; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 22, width: 25; propodeum length: 19; fore wing length: 122, width: 50; marginal vein: 28; stigmal vein: 11; postmarginal vein: 21; femur: 28; tibia: 33. METASOMA: Petiole concealed under propodeum, neck-like constriction of propodeum. Gt1 also the second enlarged. Gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 truncate, combine length of gt1-gt2 as long as half of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 72, width: 43; gt1 length: 23, width: 43; petiole length: 5, width: 6. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: Unexamined.

Distribution: Korea, Japan, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: South Phenan.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Chlorocytus Graham, 1956

Chlorocytus Graham, 1956 Chlorocytus Graham, 1956: 92. TS: Pteromalus pulchripes Walker, by original designation. Legolasia Hedqvist, 1974: 117. TS: Legolasia dinotiscoides Hedqvist, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 202.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin truncate. Prepectus larger than tegula, upper margin as long as tegula, surface reticulate. Propodeum half as long as scutellum, without costula. Females clava asymmetric; gaster lanceolate (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

6. Chlorocytus koreanus Kamijo, 1983 (Pl. 61, B)

Chlorocytus koreanus Kamijo, 1983: 296. Holotype: female; TL: Korea; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 2.1-2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.3 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma, metasoma basally and coxae metallic bluish green; scape brownish yellow;

28 PTEROMALIDAE: Conomorium

pedicel and flagellum dark brown; legs brownish yellow, last segment of tarsus yellowish brown; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 1.89 times broader than long, 1.2 times broader than mesoscutum. POL 1.3-1.4 times OOL. Head in frontal view 1.17 times broader than high. Eye length 1.27-1.34 times eye height. Clypeal margin less produce. Malar space 0.47 times longer than height of eye. Head and mesosoma reticulated strongest on mesoscutum. Antenna insert above of face in frontal view. Pedicel shorter than fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length, wider than longer. MESOSOMA: 1.8 times longer than broad. Mesoscutum 1.7-1.8 times as broad as long. Scutellum convex, little longer than broad; 2/3 of propodeum as long as scutellum with reticulate nucha with weakly plicae on median area, with weak median carina. Fore wing slender, 2.7 times as long as broad; costal cell narrow, its upper surface bare; basal cell bare, open from below; basal vein with 6-7 hairs; speculum broadly open from below; veins thin, marginal vein nearly 1.3 times as long as postmarginal vein, 2.6 times as long as stigmal vein. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, longer than mesosoma, twice as long as broad, apically acute. Gt1 1/3 of gaster, posterior margin emarginate at middle. Male. Body length 1.6-2.0 mm. Body bluish green; gaster with a large brown spot. Head in dorsal view 1.6 times as broad as long, inner orbits hardly diverging down.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GG, Suweon, 23.v.1974, Unknown. Distribution: Korea.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: Modified of original description.

Genus Conomorium Masi, 1924

Conomorium Masi, 1924 Conomorium Masi, 1924: 215. TS: Pteromalus eremita Förster, by monotypy.

Diagnosis: Head not stout, mostly not much broader than length of flagellum and pedicel. First funicular segment longer than any of funicular segment, in female obconical, evidently constricted in proximal half. Gena not hollowed. Propodeum with longitudinal median carina. Fore wing with unusually sparse pilosity, marginal vein at least 1.5 times as long as stigmal vein, longer than postmarginal vein (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

29 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

7. Conomorium patulum (Walker, 1835) (Pl. 4)

Pteromalus patulus Walker, 1835: 479. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1956: 257; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Dirhicnus; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 16; combination by Graham, 1956: 257. Pteromalus (Coelopisthus) vitripennis Thomson, 1878: 163. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1956: 257; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; synonymy by Graham, 1956: 257.

Description: Female. Body length 3.0 mm. Fore wing length 2.21 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye reddish brown, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape, pedicel, and anelli testaceous, fu1-fu6 and clava brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black; metanotum and propodeum metallic bluish black without luster dorsally; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black; trochanters testaceous; femora, tibiae and tarsi testaceous to yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic black, gaster metallic brown to black, anterior part of gt1 yellowish brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown to black. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, with sparse hairs, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anteri- or and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus medial margin emarginate, hallow at sides of mouth corner with strong straight rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna with two anelli and six funicular segments, apex of clava not sharply acuminate, insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than any of funicular segment and pedicel; funicular segments nearly quadrangural form; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 43, width: 93, height: 55; POL: 20; OOL: 19; eye height: 48, length: 28; IOD: 64; eye length dorsally: 26; temple length dorsally: 17; malar space: 17; mouth width: 27; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 26; scape length: 21; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 69; fu1 length: 15, width: 6; fu6 length: 4, width: 6; clava length: 13, width: 6. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with sparse hairs; pronotum imbricate; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal shallowly imbricated; prepectus small but larger than tegula, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pro- notum transverse and narrow dorsally; with distinctly sharp pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow. Notau- li shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal

30 PTEROMALIDAE: Coruna

line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep puncture. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, as long as scutellum, without costula, with plicae; postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by sparsely long hairs. Fore wing without fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum large, reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly bare, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 92, width: 72, height: 53; mesoscutum length: 30; scutellum length: 36, width: 42; propodeum length: 24; fore wing length: 176, width: 76; marginal vein: 25; stigmal vein: 22; postmarginal vein: 20; femur: 65; tibia: 66. METASOMA: Petiole concealed under propodeum, imbricated. Gt1 enlarged. Gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 produced, combine length of gt1-gt2 as long as half of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 94, width: 90; gt1 length: 32, width: 85; petiole length: 10, width: 10. Male. Body length 2.8 mm. First funicular segment evidently constricted in proximal half, convex on ventral side.

Specimens examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 30.vii-25.x.2008, JW Lee; 1♀, ditto, 8-15.vii.2013, JW Lee; 1♂, Korea, GB, Ulsan, Nam- gu, Ok-dong, Grand Park, 35°31ʹ50.5ʺN, 129°17ʹ2.8ʺE, 18-29.viii.2013, NS Bang.

Distribution: Korea, Armenia, Egypt, Europe, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Morocco, North Africa, Russia (Caucasus), Turkey, Turkmenistan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean records: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Andriescu and Mitroiu, 2004; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Coruna Walker, 1833

Coruna Walker, 1833 Coruna Walker, 1833: 371. TS: Coruna clavata Walker, by monotypy.

Diagnosis: Head very broad with conspicuous occipital carina; antennae inserted high above center of

31 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

face. Clypeal margin angularly produced. Marginal vein and stigma of fore wing thickened. Pronotum sharply carinated. Notauli deep and complete. Gaster on narrow and subquadrate petiole which is smooth and flat dorsally; gt1 narrow (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Coruna Walker, 1833

1. Marginal‌ vein distinctly shorter than postmarginal vein, 1.3× as long as stigmal vein; stigma large. In- ner orbits distinctly parallel in frontal view. Propodeum reticulate...... C. clavata Walker - Marginal‌ vein slightly longer than postmarginal vein, 2× as long as stigmal vein; stigma small. Inner orbits distinctly divergent below in frontal view. Propodeum smooth and glossy...... ‌ ...... C. laevis Kamijo and Takada

8. Coruna clavata Walker, 1833 (Pl. 5)

Coruna clavata Walker, 1833: 380. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 845; TL: United King- dom; TD: BMNH. Pteromalus aphidivorus Förster, 1841: 28. Type undesignated. Pteromalus segmentarius Förster, 1841: 28. Type undesignated. Gastrancistrus hierocles Walker, 1848: 237. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 845; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 327. Pteromalus castigator Rondani, 1848: 22. Type undesignated; synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 246. Coryna dubia Buckton, 1879: 56. Misspelt generic name; Pachycrepis; combination by Dalla Torre, 1898: 169; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 845.

Description: Female. Body length 1.62 mm. Fore wing length 1.63 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish green with partly golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Man- dible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous, pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish green with partly golden luster, lateral part metallic blue; metanotum metallic bluish green with golden luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black; trochanters testaceous; femora, tibiae and tarsi testaceous to light yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Petiole brown to black, gaster metallic brown to black with golden luster; ovipositor sheath brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, without pubescence, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anteri- or and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near

32 PTEROMALIDAE: Coruna

mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus medial margin produced, hallow at sides of mouth corner, and straight rugoses not reaching toruli, but distinctly reaching beyond centrum of face and lower margins of eyes. Antenna with two anelli and six funicular segments, apex of clava not sharply acuminate, insert distinctly high above central part of face; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments nearly quadrangural form; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 26, width: 52, height: 38; POL: 12; OOL: 8; eye height: 24, length: 19; IOD: 33; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 4; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 25; scape length: 17; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 46; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 4, width: 3; clava length: 12, width: 3. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with sparse hairs; pronotum imbricate; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal shallowly imbricated; prepectus small but larger than tegula, shallowly imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum transverse and invisible in dorsal view; with distinctly sharp pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal furrow. Notauli deep, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleu- ron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep punctures. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, imbricated, without costula, without plicae, with longitudinal rugose; postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by sparsely short hairs. Fore wing with sparse fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly dense, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 57, width: 37, height: 36; mesoscutum length: 17; scutellum length: 25, width: 24; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 132, width: 34; marginal vein: 23; stigmal vein: 20; postmarginal vein: 35; femur: 35; tibia: 39. METASOMA: Petiole not concealed under propodeum, smooth and shiny. Gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 quadrangular form, gt4 enlarge. Rela- tive measurements-metasomal length: 80, width: 32; gt1 length: 15, width: 7; petiole length: 6, width: 4. Male. Body length 2.5 mm. Antenna pubescence, slender than pedicel; metasoma shorter than mesosoma.

Specimens examined: 1♂, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 28.iv.2015, JW Lee; 1♀, ditto, 27.iii-23.iv.2015, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, So-

33 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

heur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, Saengtae tower, 37°45ʹ9.1ʺN, 127°09ʹ4.7ʺE, 28.vi- 23.vii.2013, IG Kim.

Distribution: Korea, Canada, Europe, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, United States of America.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaeartic, Nearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GG, GB.

Korean record: Paik, 1978; Kamijo, 1983; Paik, 1994; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

9. Coruna laevis Kamijo and Takada, 1973 (Pl. 6)

Coruna laevis Kamijo and Takada, 1973: 49. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 3.0 mm. Fore wing length 2.5 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous, pedicel testaceous. Mesosoma metallic green; metanotum metallic green, propodeum bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic brown to black; trochanters testaceous; femora and tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi light yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Petiole brown to black, gaster metallic brown to black with blue and golden luster; ovipositor sheath brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, without pubescence, sparse hairs, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face straightly rugoses. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost straightly rugose; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus medial margin produced, hallow at sides of mouth corner with straight rugoses reaching toruli and inner orbits. Antenna with two anelli and six funicular segments, apex of clava not sharply acuminate, insert distinctly high above central part of face; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small. Relative measurements-head length: 31, width: 57, height: 42; POL: 4; OOL: 12; eye height: 31, length: 25; IOD: 30; eye length dorsally: 22; temple length dorsally: 7; malar space: 7; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 28; scape length: 21; pedicel length: 7, width: 3. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum imbricate; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal view shallowly imbricated; prepectus small but larger than tegula, shallowly imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum transverse and invisible in dorsal view; with distinct sharp pronotal collar, from

34 PTEROMALIDAE: Cryptoprymna

virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal furrow. Notauli deep, reaching apical part of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep punctures. Propo- deum strongly projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, imbricated, without costula and plicae, with longitudinal rugosity; postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by sparse short hairs. Fore wing with sparse fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly dense, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 69, width: 47, height: 45; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 31, width: 24; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 145, width: 70; marginal vein: 32; stigmal vein: 17; postmarginal vein: 27; femur: 34; tibia: 32. METASOMA: Petiole not concealed under propodeum, smooth and shiny. Gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 100, width: 36; gt1 length: 25, width: 12; petiole length: 5, width: 3. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Gilsan-ri, Ilwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 7.vii.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park.

Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Cryptoprymna Förster, 1856

Cryptoprymna Förster, 1856 Prosodes Walker, 1833: 371. TS: Prosodes ater Walker, by monotypy; Junior primary homonym of Prosodes Eschcholtz (1829), discovered by Förster, 1856: 56; Cryptoprymna; Förster, 1856: 52; n. n. for Prosodes Walker nec Eschsholz. Polycystelomorpha Girault, 1915: 340. TS: Polycystelomorpha flavifemur Girault, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 467.

35 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Diagnosis: Pronotal collar carinated. Petiole longer than propodeum, dorsally reticulate. Gt1 longer than broad, covering almost distal tergites. Female antenna clavate, clava obliquely truncate. Clypeal margin with two obtuse teeth (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

10. Cryptoprymna curta Huang, 1986 (Pl. 7)

Cryptoprymna curta Huang, 1991: 55. Holotype: female; TL: China; TD: IZAS.

Description: Female. Body length 1.42 mm. Fore wing length 1.35 mm. COLOR: Head black. Eye light gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible yellowish brown, teeth dark brown. Scape and pedicel testaceous, anelli yellowish brown, fu1-fu6 and clava yellowish brown to dark. Mesosoma black; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Coxae black; trochanters brown; femora brown; tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi pale yellow; knee yellowish brown; claws and arolia dark. Metasoma black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallowly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin with two obtuse teeth without straightly rugose, almost smooth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 24, width: 54, height: 41; POL: 13; OOL: 9; eye height: 27, length: 18; IOD: 37; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 5; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 21; scape length: 22; pedicel length: 4, width: 4; pedicel plus flagellum: 43; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 3, width: 5; clava length: 11, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum and mesonotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, weakly imbricated; metanotum weakly imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus smooth and shiny, shallowly imbricated. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view, with pronotal collar, along collar with punctures; from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal shallow furrow. Prepectus larger than tegula; posterior margin of prepectus smooth and shiny, inner area imbricated, moderate. Notauli shallow, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum small and narrow. Metapleuron imbricate, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of

36 PTEROMALIDAE: Dibrachys

spiracles, with plicae; posterior area of spiracles smooth, weakly imbricated; not strongly projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with distictly longitudinal median carina, with plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus bare not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosited; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 61, width: 42, height: 36; mesoscutum length: 14; scutellum length: 25, width: 25; propodeum length: 20; fore wing length: 105, width: 52; marginal vein: 21; stigmal vein: 11; postmarginal vein: 16; femur: 30; tibia: 37. METASOMA: Petiole longer than wide, reticulated; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 longer than broad, covering almost distal tergites. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 66, width: 30; gt1 length: 45, width: 30; petiole length: 23, width: 8. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, JB, Sunchang-gun, Donggye-myeon, Eochi-ri, Mt. Yonggolsan, 28.vii- 14.viii.2005, JO Lim.

Distribution: Korea, China.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: JB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856

Dibrachys Förster, 1856 Dibrachys Förster, 1856: 65. TS: Pteromalus boucheanus Ratzeburg, designated by Thomson, 1878: 47. Pteromalus (Dibrachys) Thomson, 1878: 147. Change of status. Coelopisthoidea Gahan, 1913: 179. TS: Coelopisthoidea cladiae Gahan, by monotypy; synonymy by Girault, 1916: 408.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin with two obtuse teeth. Occiput margined with sharp tranverse ridge. Body mostly moderately slender, with female gaster elongate. Mandible with four teeth (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

37 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

11. Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché, 1834) (Pl. 8)

Diplolepis microgastri Bouché, 1834: 168. Neotype: female, designated by Peters and Baur, 2011: 18; TL: Germany; TD: ZMHH; Syntypes presumed lost (see Graham, 1969: 811); Dibrachys; Possible synonymy by Graham, 1969: 810-811. Pteromalus cavus Walker, 1835: 477. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 811; TL: UK; TD: BMNH; Dibrachys; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 11; synonymy by Peters and Baur, 2011: 13. Pteromalus decedens Walker, 1835: 478. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham 1969: 811; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymized with D. cavus by Graham, 1956: 261. Pteromalus perversus Walker, 1835: 479. Holotype: female; TL: United Kingdom; TD: Unknown; synonym of D. cavus by Graham 1956: 261. Pteromalus tenuis Ratzeburg, 1844: 195. Name-bearing types presumed destroyed; synonymized with P. boucheanus by Ratzeburg, 1848: 189. Pteromalus boucheanus Ratzeburg, 1844: 196. Name-bearing types presumed destroyed; Dibrachy; combination by Thomson, 1878: 161; synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211; synonymy by Peters and Baur, 2011: 13. Pteromalus albinervis Ratzeburg, 1844: 199. Name-bearing types presumed destroyed; synonymized with D. boucheanus by Kurdjumov, 1913: 11. Pteromalus zelleri Ratzeburg, 1848: 190. Name-bearing types presumed destroyed; synonymized with D. boucheanus by Kurdjumov, 1913: 11. Pteromalus vesparum Ratzeburg, 1852: 233. Name-bearing types presumed destroyed; synonymized with D. boucheanus by Kurdjumov, 1913: 11. Cleonymus clisiocampae Fitch, 1856: 431. Syntypes: female and male; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; Semiotellus; combination by Fitch, 1862: 827; synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211, but considered valid by Doganlar, 1987: 204; synonymy by Peters and Baur, 2011: 13. Pteromalus boarmiae Walker in Newman, 1863: 8609. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 812; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Peters and Baur, 2011: 13. Cheiropachus nigrocyaneus Norton, 1869: 327. Syntype: females; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; Pachyneuron; combination by Ashmead, 1888: 175; synonymized with D. clisiocampae by Gi- rault, 1916b: 408, with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211 and D. clisiocampae by Doganlar, 1987: 204. Eupelmus cereanus Rondani, 1876: 38. Lectotype: female, designated by Bouček, 1974: 247; TL: Italy; TD: MZUF; synonymized with D. cavus by Delucchi, 1955: 174. Pteromalus gelechiae Webster, 1883: 151. Lectotype: male, designated by Frison, 1927: 220; TL: United States of America; TD: INHS; synonymized with D. clisiocampae by Girault 1916b: 408, with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211 and with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar, 1987: 204.

38 PTEROMALIDAE: Dibrachys

Pteromalus chionobae Howard, 1889: 1889. Syntype: female; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with D. clisiocampae by Girault, 1916b: 408, with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211 and with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar, 1987: 204. Arthrolytus apatelae Ashmead, 1893: 162. Syntype: female; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211 and with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar, 1987: 204. Arthrolytus pimplae Ashmead, 1894: 339. Syntypes: female and male; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with A. apatelae by Girault, 1916a: 297; 1916b: 408, with D. cavus by Gahan, 1938: 211 and with D. clisiocampae by Doganlar, 1987: 204. Trichomalus truyilloi Blanchard, 1938: 178. Name-bearing types presumed destroyed; synonymized with D. cavus by Gahan, 1942: 45. Tritneptis elegans Szelényi, 1981: 178. Holotype: female; TL: Hungary; TD: HNHM; Dibrachys; combination by Bouček and Rasplus, 1991: 134; synonymy by Peters and Baur, 2011: 13.

Description: Female. Body length 2.63 mm. Fore wing length 1.75 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black, near black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth dark testaceous. Scape and pedicel testaceous, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish black, near black; propodeum with green luster dorsally; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Cox- ae metallic bluish black; trochanters testaceous; femora testaceous to brown except tips; tibiae testaceous to brown; knee and tarsi light yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; with sharp tranverse ridge; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Mandible with four teeth. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes not distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin with two obtuse teeth and without hallow at sides of mouth corner with straightly rugoses. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally without visible short narrow micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 32, width: 64, height: 50; POL: 15; OOL: 9; eye height: 35, length: 21; IOD: 39; eye length dorsally: 21; temple length dorsally: 10; malar space: 5; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 11; scape length: 29; pedicel length: 8, width: 4; pedicel plus flagellum: 55; fu1 length: 5, width: 4; fu6 length: 4, width: 5; clava length: 12, width: 5. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with setaceous; pronotum invisible in dorsal view; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal view; prepectus without vertical carina, imbri-

39 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

cated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum narrow in lateral view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with shallowly diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum flat; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny, less imbricated. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles large, oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing without fringe; with basal cell and basal fold with sparse hairs; costal cell without hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosited; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein at least 3.0 times as long stigmal vein. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 76, width: 52, height: 36; mesoscutum length: 30; scutellum length: 27, width: 32; propodeum length: 15; fore wing length: 150, width: 67; marginal vein: 24; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 11; femur: 46; tibia: 55. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 truncate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 106, width: 56; gt1 length: 30, width: 41. Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined: 2♀, Korea, JB, Iri, 18.vi.1976, JC Paik. Distribution: Korea, Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Europe, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, North Afri- ca, Pakistan, China, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan.

Region: Worldwide.

Korea: JB.

Korean record: Kim, 1970; Paik, 1978; Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Diconocara Dzhanokmen, 1986

Diconocara Dzhanokmen, 1986

40 PTEROMALIDAE: Diconocara

Diconocara Dzhanokmen, 1986: 50. TS: Diconocara petiolata Dzhanokmen, by original designation and monotypy.

Diagnosis: Antennae 11263; large clypeus, anterior tentorial pit near toruli; large mandible, with right four teeth. Notauli deep and punctate. Fore wing without speculum, pilosited; marginal vein at least 3.0 times as long as stigma vein.

12. Diconocara petiolata Dzhanokmen, 1986 (Pl. 9)

Diconocara petiolata Dzhanokmen, 1986: 51-53. Holotype: female; TL: Russia; TD: ZISP.

Description: Female. Body length 3.26 mm. Fore wing length 3.3 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black with golden and green luster, posterior part metallic bluish black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth dark testaceous. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Anterior part of transscutal articulation metallic bluish black with golden and green luster, posterior part metallic bluish black. Lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Coxae testaceous, anterior part metallic bluish brown to black; trochanters testaceous; femora testaceous to brown except tips; tibiae testaceous to brown; knee and tarsi light pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Petiole and gaster metallic brown to black, gt1-gt3 and hypopygium testaceous; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncate and without hallow at sides of mouth corner with straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit protuberant, near toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally without visible short narrow micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 50, width: 115, height: 80; POL: 17; OOL: 29; eye height: 43, length: 28; IOD: 85; eye length dorsally: 29; temple length dorsally: 18; malar space: 16; mouth width: 40; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 29; scape length: 32; pedicel length: 10, width: 5; pedicel plus flagellum: 103; fu1 length: 12, width: 6; fu6 length: 9, width: 5; clava length: 21, width: 5. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with setaceous; pronotum invisible in dorsal view, substrigulate in

41 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

latelar; anterior part of middle lobe of mesoscutum substrigulate; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal view; prepectus without vertical carina, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum narrow in lateral view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with shallowly diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli deep, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny, less imbricated. Propodeum imbricated, less projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles large, oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with short fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely haired; costal cell with hairs; speculum absent; generally disc mostly pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosited; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein at least 3.0 times longer than stigma vein. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 120, width: 79, height: 68; mesoscutum length: 36; scutellum length: 44, width: 37; propodeum length: 32; fore wing length: 275, width: 115; marginal vein: 66; stigmal vein: 24; postmarginal vein: 70; femur: 78; tibia: 90. METASOMA: Petiole cristulate; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, gt1 as long as half of gaster. Relative measurements- metasomal length: 113, width: 92; gt1 length: 39, width: 92; petiole length: 13, width: 8. Male. Body length 2.8-3.2 mm. Metasoma with circular form, shorther than mesosoma; antenna not exceeding median ocellus; funicular segments pubescent.

Specimens examined: 1♀, Korea, CN, Gyeryong-si, Sindoan-myeon, Bunam-ri, Mt. Gyeryongsan, Temp. Donghaksa upper, 14.iii-28.viii.2012, JC Jeong; 1♀, Korea, GB, Mt. Hakkasan, 21.viii.1998, Y Kwon; 2♂, Korea, GB, Mt. Palgongsan, 11.vi.1998, Y Kwon; 1♂, Korea, GB, Mt. Pohyonsan, 29.v.1998, Y Kwon; 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Ssalbawi, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ08ʺN, 129°01ʹ27ʺE, 13.vii-16.viii.2013, JW Lee; 1♂, Korea, GB, Chilgok-gun, Dongmyeong-myeon, Hakmyeong-ri, San 25, 36°01ʹ53.45ʺN, 128°33ʹ46.93ʺE, 15.vii-29.viii.2014, JW Lee; 1♂, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jae- san-myeon, Gilsan-ri, Ilwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 7.vii.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park; 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, M.T.4, 37°45ʹ1.9ʺN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʺE, 1-16.viii.2012, IG Kim; 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, Saengtae tower, 37°45ʹ9.1ʺN, 127°09ʹ4.7ʺE, 1-16.viii.2012, IG Kim; 2♂, Korea, GW, Donghae-si, Samhwa-dong, Mureung valley, 16-31.viii.2005, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Russia.

42 PTEROMALIDAE: Diglochis

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: CN, GB, GG, GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Diglochis Förster, 1856

Diglochis Förster, 1856 Diglochis Förster, 1856: 65. TS: Pteromalus complanatus Ratzeburg, monotypy by Mayr,1904: 598. Pteromalus (Trichoglenus) Thomson, 1878: 149. TS: Pteromalus complanatus Ratzeburg, by monotypy; Trichoglenus; change of status by Ashmead, 1896: 225.

Diagnosis: Eyes with conspicuous pilosity. Female antenna clavate. Fore wing with fringe; marginal vein shorter, at most 3.0 times than stigmal vein; postmarginal and marginal vein with thin bristles. Posterior part of propodeum with coarse irregular alveolation (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

13. Diglochis sylvicola (Walker, 1835) (Pl. 10)

Pteromalus sylvicola Walker, 1835: 481. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1956: 260; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; combination by Graham, 1956: 260. Pteromalus complanatus Ratzeburg, 1844: 197. Types presumed lost; Dirhicnus; combination by Kurdju- mov, 1913: 16; combination by Graham, 1956: 260. Diglochis hybomitri Dzhanokmen, 1979: 248. Holotype: female; TL: Russia; TD: ZISP; synonymy by Dz- hanokmen, 2005: 51.

Description: Female. Body length 2.66 mm. Fore wing length 1.93 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic green with golden and green luster, posterior part dark metallic green. Eye light gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth testaceous. Basal parts of scape testaceous, mostly brown to dark brown; pedicel and anelli brown to dark brown; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma dark metallic green with golden and green luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black and metanotum metallic bluish black in dorsal view; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black with weakly green luster; trochanters yellowish brown, femora testaceous to brown except tips; tibiae testaceous to brown; knee and tarsi yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic black with green to blue luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown.

43 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

HEAD: with densely pubescence; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; with occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli less above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncate and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner with straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transversal and small; fu1 as long as pedicel; funicular segments nearly oblong; clava clubbed, ventrally without visible short narrow micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 70, width: 70, height: 50; POL: 16; OOL: 10; eye height: 29, length: 20; IOD: 43; eye length dorsally: 20; temple length dorsally: 10; malar space: 15; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 15; scape length: 30; pedicel length: 9, width: 4; pedicel plus flagellum: 59; fu1 length: 4, width: 4; fu6 length: 5, width: 5; clava length: 17, width: 5. MESOSOMA: with dense pubescence; dorsally imbricated; pronotum narrow in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal view; prepectus without vertical carina, reticulated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum delimited and narrow in lateral view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with deep diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli deep, not reaching mesoscutum, only 2/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Meta- pleuron shallowly imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow reticurated and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and deep plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small and globular nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely covered by hairs; costal cell covered with hairs; speculum absent; generally disc mostly pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosited; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein at least 1.2 times as long as stigmal vein. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 95, width: 63, height: 47; mesoscutum length: 40; scutellum length: 30, width: 40; propodeum length: 20; fore wing length: 170, width: 64; marginal vein: 28; stigmal vein: 21; postmarginal vein: 30; femur: 56; tibia: 58. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less emarginated. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 98, width: 75; gt1 length: 35, width: 72.

44 PTEROMALIDAE: Dinotiscus

Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GG, Ansan-si, Sihwaho Lake , 3.vii.2001, HC Park; 16.ix- 1.x.2013, JH Hwang.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2016.

Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946

Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946 Dinotus Förster, 1856: 66. TS: Dinotus bidentulus Thomson, designated by Ashmead, 1904: 316; Junior primary homonym of Dinotus Guettard (1770), discovered by Ghesquière, 1946: 370; Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946: 370; n. n. for Dinotus Förster nec Guettard.

Diagnosis: Collar sharply margined. Lower face, including upper part of clypeus, reticulated; stigma bilo- bated, stigma with brown infumation. Meta coxa dorsally with some hairs. Pro femur and meta femur thickened; meta tibia with one spur (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

14. Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker, 1836) (Pl. 11)

Pteromalus eupterus Walker, 1836: 482. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 410; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; combination by Hedqvist, 1963: 90. Pteromalus dimidiatus Walker, 1836: 12. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 410; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Heteroxys; combination by Morley, 1910: 44; synonymy by Hedqvist, 1963: 84. Dinotus acutus Provancher, 1887: 201. Lectotype: female, designated by Gahan and Rohwer 1917: 396; TL: Canada; TD: MPQC; Cecidostiba; combination by Gahan, 1927: 7; synonymy by Grissell, 1983: 100. Pteromalus capitatus Förster, 1841: 21. Type undesignated; synonymy by Hedqvist, 1963: 90. Pteromalus lanceolatus Ratzeburg, 1848: 204. Types presumed destroyed; Dinotus; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 10; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 410. Dinotus clypealis Thomson, 1878: 40. Lectotype: female, designated by Hansson, 1991: 20; TL: Sweden;

45 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

TD: LUZN; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 410. Cecidostiba polygraphi Ashmead, 1894: 338. Lectotype: female, designated by Grissell, 1983: 100; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymy by Grissell, 1983: 100. Cecidostiba ashmeadi Crawford, 1912: 170. Type undesignated; synonymized with C. acutus by Gahan, 1927: 7. Uriella pityogenis Ishii, 1938: 189. Type undesignated; synonymy by Kamijo, 1981: 86.

Description: Female. Body length 3.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.8 mm. COLOR: Head metallic blue with golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth testaceous. Scape testaceous; pedicel and anelli brown to dark brown; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma include lateral part metallic blue with golden luster and metanotum metallic blue in dorsal view; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic blue; trochanters yellowish brown, femora testaceous to brown except tips; tibiae testaceous to brown; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish brown to black with golden luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallowly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin less concave and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner without straightly rugose, imbricated; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 27, width: 54, height: 47; POL: 12; OOL: 6; eye height: 24, length: 22; IOD: 33; eye length dorsally: 21; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 12; mouth width: 11; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 20; scape length: 30; pedicel length: 7, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 68; fu1 length: 6, width: 4; fu6 length: 6, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 5. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum narrow in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal view; prepectus without vertical carina, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; upper mesepimeron less protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum delimited laterally; with sharp pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrowed, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with shallowly diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow, reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, not project-

46 PTEROMALIDAE: Erdoesina

ing medially beyond base of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely covered by hairs; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow; generally disc mostly pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosited; stigma with brown infumation, swollen, bilobate. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein at least 1.2 times as long as stigmal vein. Pro femur and meta femur thickened. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 73, width: 44, height: 40; mesoscutum length: 34; scutellum length: 27, width: 28; propodeum length: 13; fore wing length: 183, width: 69; marginal vein: 42; stigmal vein: 22; postmarginal vein: 50; femur: 44; tibia: 55. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny, shallowly imbricated, compressed; metasoma longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less emarginated. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 142, width: 24; gt1 length: 20, width: 24. Male. Body length 3.0 mm. POL: 14; OOL: 5; funicular segments pubescent; flagellum slender than in lateral view.

Specimens examined: 8♀3♂, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Gilsan-ri, Ilwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7 ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 24.vii-25.vii.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park.

Distribution: Korea, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia, Hercegovina, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United King- dom, United States of America.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2016.

Genus Erdoesina Graham, 1957

Erdoesina Graham, 1957 Erdoesina Graham, 1957: 180. TS: Pteromalus alboannulatus Ratzeburg, by original designation and monotypy.

Diagnosis: Antennae inserted distinctly above lower ocular line, insertion on a convexity; first funicular segment short. Fore wing usually with brown discal infumation, with distinct fringe. Propodeum rather shiny, only superficially sculptured, without plicae; gaster subcircular (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

47 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

15. Erdoesina boarmiae Bouček, 1967 (Pl. 12)

Erdoesina boarmiae Bouček, 1967: 640. Types presumed lost.

Description: Female. Body length 2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.3 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black with weakly golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth testaceous. Scape yellowish brown; pedicel testaceous; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black and metanotum metallic bluish black in dorsal view; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline, posteri- or part of marginal vein with brown discal infumation. Coxae metallic bluish black; trochanters yellowish brown, femora testaceous to brown except tips; tibiae testaceous to brown, posterior part pale yellow; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic bluish black; gaster metallic bluish brown to black with shallow green luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallowly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin less concave and with hallow at sides of mouth corner with shallowly straightly rugose, shallowly imbricated; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant. Antennae inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments square; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 38, width: 90, height: 65; POL: 19; OOL: 16; eye height: 43, length: 28; IOD: 63; eye length dorsally: 26; temple length dorsally: 13; malar space: 11; mouth width: 17; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 24; scape length: 37; pedicel length: 11, width: 5; pedicel plus flagellum: 76; fu1 length: 8, width: 6; fu6 length: 7, width: 5; clava length: 16, width: 6. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum narrow in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal view; prepectus without vertical carina, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; upper mesepimeron less protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum delimited in lateral view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with deep diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli distinct, reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci

48 PTEROMALIDAE: Euneura

invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with brown discal infumation in posterior part of marginal vein, with distinct fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely covered by hairs; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and not narrow; generally disc mostly pilosited, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosited; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Pro femur and meta femur thickened. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 90, width: 72, height: 55; mesoscutum length: 24; scutellum length: 35, width: 45; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 155, width: 64; marginal vein: 30; stigmal vein: 19; postmarginal vein: 15; femur: 44; tibia: 55. METASOMA: Petiole transverse, anterior part shallowly rugose and posterior part smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less emarginated. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 83, width: 72; gt1 length: 35, width: 72; petiole length: 5, width: 11. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, JB, Sunchang-gun, Donggye-myeon, Eochi-ri, Mt. Yonggolsan, 14-28. vii.2005, JO Lim.

Distribution: Korea, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: JB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Euneura Walker, 1844

Euneura Walker, 1844 Euneura Walker, 1844: 331. TS: Euneura augarus Walker, by monotypy. Hypsicamara Förster, 1856: 52. TS: Hypsicamara ratzeburgi Reinhard, monotypy by Reinhard, 1859: 195; synonymy by Peck, 1951: 541. Gygaxia Delucchi, 1955: 145. TS: Gygaxia saetosa Delucchi, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 202.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin with sharp two teeth. Pronotum with pronotal collar. Antenna clavate, inserted slightly above center of face with almost wholly vertically striation. Marginal vein expanded, parallel sided or widened distad. Propodeum mostly reticulate. Petiole always broader than long, with rugosity; propode-

49 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

um without nucha (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Euneura Walker, 1844

1. Face‌ with distinct sculpture and strigose, longitudinal furrow strong. Basal cell of fore wing hairy. Apex of marginal vein hardly thicker than at base...... E. sopolis (Walker) - Face‌ slightly reticulate. Basal cell of fore wing almost bare. Apex of marginal vein distinctly thicker than at base...... E. lachni Ashmead

16. Euneura sopolis (Walker, 1840) (Pl. 13)

Miscogaster sopolis Walker, 1840: 32. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 844; TL: United Kingdom; TD: SNME; Lamprotatus; combination by Morley, 1910: 31; synonymized with E. augarus by Graham, 1969: 844; Graham (1969: 844) retains the name augarus as valid, but sopolis is the older, and thus valid, name. Euneura augarus Walker 1844: 331. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 844; TL: Norway; TD: BMNH. Hypsicamara ratzeburgi Reinhard, 1859: 195. Type undesignated; synonymized with E. augarus by Graham, 1969: 844.

Description: Male. Body length 2.2 mm. Fore wing length 1.26 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light gray, ocelli testaceous. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Antennae dark brown to black. Mesosoma including lateral part metallic bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black; trochanters yellowish brown; femora brown except tips; tibiae yellowish brown, in places brown and tarsi testaceous; claws and arolia dark. Petiole bluish black; gaster metallic bluish black. HEAD: without hairs, posterior part also; with almost wholly vertically striated in frontal view; vertex imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptical, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina, median parts folded; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes, mostly inserted slightly above centre. Clypeal margin with two sharp teeth and with hallow at sides of mouth corner with distinct straight rugoses; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. Antennae insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and

50 PTEROMALIDAE: Euneura

small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 little longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 27, width: 63, height: 47; POL: 14; OOL: 8; eye height: 27, length: 20; IOD: 40; eye length dorsally: 20; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 9; mouth width: 11; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 54; fu1 length: 5, width: 4; fu6 length: 5, width: 5; clava length: 15, width: 5. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly more narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus large, imbricated, distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep punctures. Pronotum with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum small and narrow, with short diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated without hiars; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum large, smooth and shiny. Propo- deum imbricated, projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and without distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein expanding, parallel sided, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 80, width: 55, height: 43; mesoscutum length: 34; scutellum length: 32, width: 43; propodeum length: 21; fore wing length: 135, width: 62; marginal vein: 19; stigmal vein: 21; postmarginal vein: 33; femur: 37; tibia: 40. METASOMA: Petiole broader than long with rugoses; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 67, width: 43; gt1 length: 30, width: 39; petiole length: 10, width: 7. Female. Unknown.

Specimens examined: 2♂, Unknown, 4.vi.1975, JC Paik. Distribution: Korea, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Mon- tenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: JB, JN, Seoul.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Paik, 1994; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

51 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

17. Euneura lachni (Ashmead, 1887) (Pl. 14)

Pachycrepis lachni Ashmead, 1887: 193. Type undesignated; Hypsicamara; combination by Gahan, 1942: 46; combination by Peck, 1951: 541. Pachyneura nawai Ashmead, 1904: 158. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: USNM; misspelt generic name; combination by Kamijo and Takada, 1973: 62; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 443. Pachyneuron nazeeri Mani, 1939: 85. Holotype: female; TL: India; TD: Unknown; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 443. Euneura laeviuscula Graham, 1969: 844. Holotype: female; TL: Italy; TD: NMP; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 443.

Description: Female. Body length 2.19 mm. Fore wing length 1.53 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic bluish green with golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli yellowish brown. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape testaceous; pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma including lateral part dark metallic bluish green with golden luster, lateral part without golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae dark metallic blue; trochanters testaceous; femora brown with blue luster except tips; tibiae testaceous and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole bluish black; gaster metallic bluish black. HEAD: with bristles; with almost wholly vertically striation in frontal view; vertex imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina, median parts folded; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes, mostly inserted slightly above centre. Clypeal margin with two sharp teeth and with hallow at sides of mouth corner with distinct straightly rugoses; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. Antennae insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 as long as pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 25, width: 61, height: 46; POL: 14; OOL: 8; eye height: 26, length: 19; IOD: 37; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 11; mouth width: 11; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 3, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 50; fu1 length: 4, width: 4; fu6 length: 4, width: 4; clava length: 13, width: 4. MESOSOMA: with bristles; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly more narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus large, imbricated, distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus

52 PTEROMALIDAE: Gastracanthus

without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep punctures. Pronotum with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum small and narrow, with short diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow, reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated without hairs; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum large, smooth and shiny. Propo- deum imbricated, projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and without distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, reaching only anterior part of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 74, width: 50, height: 45; mesoscutum length: 26; scutellum length: 30, width: 40; propodeum length: 15; fore wing length: 130, width: 52; marginal vein: 17; stigmal vein: 18; postmarginal vein: 22; femur: 29; tibia: 40. METASOMA: Petiole broader than long with rugoses; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 72, width: 33; gt1 length: 20, width: 33; petiole length: 5, width: 8. Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined: 2♂, Korea, GG, Suwon-si, 16.v.1970, BY La. Distribution: Korea, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Paik, 1994; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833

Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833 Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833: 121. TS: Gastracanthus pulcherrimus Westwood, by monotypy; Hetroxys Westwood, 1833; n. n. for Gastracanthus Westwood, supposedly pre-occupied by Gasteracantha Sundevall,

53 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

1833, nec Latreille; synonymized with Hetroxys Westwood, 1836: 71. Photismus Thomson, 1878: 15. TS: Photismus nubilosus Thomson, by monotypy; synonymy by Kerrich and Graham, 1957: 281. Hebestephus Kamijo, 1960: 10. TS: Hebestephus acutus Kamijo, by monotypy; synonymy by Heydon, 1997: 5. Cleoblabena Szelényi, 1981: 404-405. TS: Cleoblabena gracilis Szelényi, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 202.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin truncate. Pronotum as long as 2/3 of mesoscutum. Anterior part of prepectus with costula, prepectus subquadrate. Distinctcly shiny petiole; medial margin of gt1 produced (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Gastracanthus Westwood, 1833

1. Posterior margin of gt1-gt3 emarginate; gt7 1.1-1.3× longer than gt6...... ‌ ...... G. acutus (Kamijo) - Posterior margin of gt1-gt3 truncate; gt7 short, in dorsal view 0.2-0.5× as long as gt6...... ‌ ...... G. nigrescens Kamijo

18. Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo, 1960) (Pl. 15)

Hebestephus acutus Kamijo, 1960: 106. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU; combination by Heydon, 1997: 15.

Description: Female. Body length 5.2 mm. Fore wing length 3 mm. COLOR: Head metallic greenish black with golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape testaceous; pedicel yellowish brown; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic greenish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic greenish black with golden luster and metanotum metallic greenish black with golden luster in dorsal view; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae testaceous; trochanters yellowish brown, femora testaceous to brown except tips; tibiae yellowish brown; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic greenish black; gaster metallic bluish black with shallow blue luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: with sparse hairs; in dorsal view constricted elliptical, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anteri-

54 PTEROMALIDAE: Gastracanthus

or and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin less concave and with hallow at sides of mouth corner without shallow straight rugoses, shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit protuberant. At sides of tentorial pits with a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava clubbed, ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 36, width: 82, height: 55; POL: 14; OOL: 11; eye height: 40, length: 33; IOD: 47; eye length dorsally: 30; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 11; mouth width: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 30; pedicel length: 7, width: 5; pedicel plus flagellum: 133; fu1 length: 24, width: 7; fu6 length: 15, width: 9; clava length: 24, width: 11. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum extensive in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus large, subquadrate, imbricated, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus with costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; upper mesepimeron less protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus with deep punctures. Pronotum without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without deep diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, anterior part smooth and shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum large, shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing without distinct fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely covered by hairs; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and not narrow, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly with piloses, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly with piloses; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 135, width: 60, height: 53; mesoscutum length: 40; scutellum length: 30, width: 32; propodeum length: 23; fore wing length: 270, width: 95; marginal vein: 63; stigmal vein: 29; postmarginal vein: 70; femur: 75; tibia: 98. METASOMA: Petiole trasverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 produced. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 240, width: 49; gt1 length: 45, width: 40; petiole length: 6, width: 14. Male. Body length 3.0 mm. Funicular segments shortly pubescent and oblong.

55 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Specimens examined: 2♀1♂, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Ssalbawi, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ08ʺN, 129°01ʹ27ʺE, 9-28.vi.2012, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Yeongcheon-si, Sinnyeong-myeon, Chisan-ri, San 141-4, 36°01ʹ12.55ʺN, 128°42ʹ26.29E, 15.vii-29.viii.2014, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Bongh- wa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Galsan-ri, Irwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 7.viii.2015, Tselikh; 1♂, dit- to, GH Ko; 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Socho-myeon, Hakgog-ri, Mt. Chiaksan, 37°22ʹ18ʺN, 128°03ʹ1.84ʺE, 28.viii-16.ix.2013, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, JB, Buan-gun, Jinseo-myeon, Unho-ri, , 14.v-18.vi.2005, JC Jeong.

Distribution: Korea, Japan, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GB, GW, JB.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

19. Gastracanthus nigrescens Kamijo, 1960 (Pl. 16)

Gastracanthus nigrescens Kamijo, 1960: 103. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 4.0 mm. Fore wing length 2.8 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous to brown and teeth darker. Scape testaceous; pedicel yellowish brown; anelli and fu1-fu6 dark brown to black; claval segments thirds dark brown to black, reminder light yellowish brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish black; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Anterior part of pro coxa and meta coxa metallic bluish black, posterior part testaceous, meso coxa testaceous; trochanters yellowish brown, pro femur testaceous to brown except tips, meso femur and meta femur testaceous; tibiae yellowish brown; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic bluish black; gaster metallic bluish black with shallow blue luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin less concave and with hallow at sides of mouth corner without shallowly straightly rugoses, mostly smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits with a pair of deep punctures. Antennae insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceed-

56 PTEROMALIDAE: Gastracanthus

ing level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava clubbed, ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 44, width: 97, height: 60; POL: 15; OOL: 14; eye height: 51, length: 43; IOD: 56; eye length dorsally: 36; temple length dorsally: 8; malar space: 9; mouth width: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 25; scape length: 35; pedicel length: 9, width: 12; pedicel plus flagellum: 148; fu1 length: 16, width: 6; fu6 length: 13, width: 8; clava length: 30, width: 10. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum extensive in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated dorsally; prepectus large, subquadrate, imbricated, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus with costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; upper mesepimeron less protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus with deep punctures. Pronotum without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without deep diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, anterior part smooth and shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum large, shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing without distinct fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely covered by hairs; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and not narrow, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; posterior part of marginal vein and postmar- rginal vein with brown infumation; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Pro femur swollen, meso femur and meta femur and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 143, width: 75, height: 73; mesoscutum length: 30; scutellum length: 46, width: 35; propodeum length: 25; fore wing length: 265, width: 95; marginal vein: 53; stigmal vein: 29; postmarginal vein: 79; femur: 52; tibia: 95. METASOMA: Petiole trasverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 produced. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 179, width: 45; gt1 length: 32, width: 50; petiole length: 9, width: 17. Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined: 1♀, Korea, CB, Danyang-gun, Danyang-eup, Cheondong-ri, Cheondong valley, Mt. Sobaeksan, 36°57ʹN, 128°26ʹE, 10-18.x.2007, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Ssalbawi, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ08ʺN, 129°01ʹ27ʺE, 11.vii-1.viii.2012, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Ssalbawi, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ08ʺN, 129°01ʹ27ʺE, 13.vii-16.viii.2013, JW

57 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Galsan-ri, Irwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 14.vii.2015, Tselikh and GH Ko; 1♀, Korea, GG, Gapyeong-gun, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Goseong-ri, Mt. Homyeongsan, 37°43ʹ16.3ʺN, 127°19ʹ23.4ʺE, 27.v-10.vi.2009, JO Lim; 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Socho- myeon, Hakgog-ri, Mt. Chiaksan, 37°22ʹ18ʺN, 128°03ʹ1.84ʺE, 20.vi-19.vii.2013, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Japan, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: CB, GB, GG, GW.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

Genus Holcaeus Thomson, 1878

Holcaeus Thomson, 1878 Etroxys (Holcaeus) Thomson, 1878: 104. TS: Etroxys dichrous Thomson, designated by Ashmead, 1904: 313. Dibrachella Bouček, 1954: 55. TS: Dibrachella gracilenta Bouček, by original designation and monotypy; synonymized with Cricellius by Bouček, 1958: 401.

Diagnosis: Body slender. Vertex usually posteriorly with a shallowly tranverse ridge. Propodeum at most with weakly transverse elevation across middle. Gaster unusually long and narrow, in female last tergite in form of a parallel-sided stylus which is at least 1/3 as long as all preceding broader tergites combined (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

20. Holcaeus stylatus Graham, 1969 (Pl. 17)

Holcaeus stylatus Graham, 1969: 589. Holotype: female; TL: United Kingdom; TD: HDOU.

Description: Female. Body length 4.0 mm. Fore wing length 2.4 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic greenish blue with golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous to brown and teeth darker. Scape and pedicel testaceous; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma dark metallic greenish blue with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma dark metallic greenish blue with golden luster and metanotum dark metallic greenish blue with golden luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Anterior part of pro coxa and meta coxa dark metallic bluish brown to black, posterior part testaceous, meso coxa testaceous; trochanters yellowish brown, femora tes-

58 PTEROMALIDAE: Holcaeus

taceous to brown except tips; tibiae yellowish brown; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish brown to black with shallow blue luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: with pubescence; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; posterior part of vertex with a shallowly tranverse ridge imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncate and without hallow at sides of mouth corner without shallowly straightly rugoses, shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without deep punctures. Antennae insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 28, width: 63, height: 49; POL: 13; OOL: 8; eye height: 32, length: 22; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 25; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 12; mouth width: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 21; scape length: 22; pedicel length: 7, width: 5; pedicel plus flagellum: 6; fu1 length: 10, width: 5; fu6 length: 8, width: 7; clava length: 22, width: 9. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum extensive in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus large, imbricated, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus with costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron less protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep punctures. Pronotum with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without shallowly diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli distinct, reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and without distinctly plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 85, width: 52, height: 45; mesoscutum length: 36; scutellum length: 33, width: 28; propodeum length: 14; fore wing length: 215, width: 82; marginal vein: 47; stigmal vein: 30; postmarginal vein: 50;

59 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

femur: 55; tibia: 65. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny; metasoma longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 213, width: 32; gt1 length: 25, width: 25. Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined: 2♀, Korea, GB, Chilgok-gun, Dongmyeong-myeon, Hakmyeong-ri, Gasansanseong, 36°02ʹ11.74ʺN, 128°34ʹ18.17ʺE, 25.iv-9.v.2015, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Gunwi-gun, Bugye-myeon, Dong- san-ri, San 57, Temp. Odoam, 36°02ʹ29.04ʺN, 128°41ʹ31.11ʺE, 25.iv-9.v.2015, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878

Homoporus Thomson, 1878 Homoporus Thomson, 1878. Type undesignated. Phaenacra Förster, 1878: 51. TS: Phaenacra nubigera Förster, by monotypy; synonymy by Delucchi, 1957: 400. Merisus (Homoporus) Thomson, 1878: 64. TS: Pteromalus fulviventris Walker, designated by Ashmead, 1904: 324. Parapteromalus Ashmead, 1904: 320. TS: Parapteromalus isosomatis Ashmead, by monotypy; synonymized with Merisus by Peck, 1951: 547. Merisoporus Masi, 1924: 226. TS: Pteromalus luniger Nees, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Delucchi, 1957: 400. Homoporus (Pseudomerisus) Erdös, 1953: 236. TS: Pseudomerisus stipae Erdös and Novicky, by original designation; new status, subgenus by Szelényi, 1956: 170. Homoporus (Phaenacrinodes) Szelényi, 1956: 170. TS: Homoporus kurdjumovi Szelényi, by original designation and monotypy. Merisus Thomson; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 444.

Diagnosis: Antennal clava distinctly acute apically. Prepectus triangular and small but distinctly larger than tegula. Pronotum mostly narrower than mesoscutum. Meta tibia with one small spur. Gaster dorsally collapsing, flat or concave (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

60 PTEROMALIDAE: Homoporus

Key to the Korean species of Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878

1. Head,‌ mesosoma and coxae metallic green, metasoma yellowish-brown, metallic green. Body size maximum 2.2 mm...... H. febriculosus (Girault) - Head, mesosoma, metasoma, and coxae black. Body size minimum 2.5 mm...... H. luniger (Nees)

21. Homoporus febriculosus (Girault, 1917) (Pl. 18)

Merisus febriculosus Girault, 1917: 17. Type undesignated; combination by Graham, 1969: 453. Homoporus filicornis Erdös, 1953: 241. Holotype: female; TL: Hungary; TD: HNHM; synonymy by Bouček and Graham, 1978: 228. Homoporus templarius Erdös, 1970: 99, 100. Holotype: female; TL: Hungary; TD: HNHM; synonymy by Bouček, and Graham, 1978: 228.

Description: Female. Body length 1.75 mm. Fore wing length 1.9 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Basal parts of scape pale yellow, remainder dark brown; dorsal parts of pedicel dark brown, ventral parts pale yellow; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava pale yellow. Mesosoma metallic green with golden luster; tegula pale yellow; wings hyaline. Pro coxa pale yellow, meso coxa yellowish brown to brown and meta coxa dark metallic green with golden luster; femora and tibiae pale yellow; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole brown; gaster yellowish brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs, imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin emarginate and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner with distictly straightly rugose, not reaching toruli; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava distinctly acute apically, ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 23, width: 55, height: 40; POL: 12; OOL: 10; eye height: 20, length: 17; IOD: 38; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 10; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 60; fu1 length: 7, width: 3; fu6 length: 7, width: 3; clava length: 15, width: 4.

61 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus triangular and small, imbricated, but distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, near transepimeral sulcus without deep punctures. Pronotum without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with shallowly diagonal furrow. Notauli distinct, reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, posterior part of dorsellum with a pair of deep furrow, without longitudinal median carina and without distinctly plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, only reaching basal parts of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 68, width: 39, height: 35; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 23, width: 25; propodeum length: 16; fore wing length: 150, width: 60; marginal vein: 30; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 31; femur: 38; tibia: 40. METASOMA: Petiole transverse, shiny and smooth; gaster dorsally collapsing, flat, smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 72, width: 22; gt1 length: 37, width: 42; petiole length: 6, width: 3. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Hongcheon-gun, Bukbang-myeon, Seongdong-ri, Prov. Environ- ment Research Park, 35°45ʹ15.6ʺN, 127°51ʹ1.7ʺE, 15.iv-30.vi.2012, SJ Jang.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

62 PTEROMALIDAE: Homoporus

22. Homoporus luniger (Nees, 1834) (Pl. 19)

Pteromalus luniger Nees, 1834: 119. Type destroyed; Merisoporus; combination by Masi, 1924: 227; Merisus (Homoporus); combination by Thomson, 1878: 67; synonymized with P. tricolor by Morley, 1910: 55. Pteromalus tricolor Walker, 1835: 190. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 450; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 450. Pteromalus zonaras Walker, 1839: 227. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 450; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 450. Phaenacra nubigera Förster, 1878: 52. ex parte lectotype by Delucchi, 1957: 420; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 450.

Description: Female. Body length 3.08 mm. Fore wing length 2.35 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape yellowish brown; pedicel, anelli and fu1-fu6 dark brown; clava yellowish brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish black; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black, trochanters yellowish brown; femora brown except tips and tibiae testaceous; tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole brown; gaster metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs, imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncate and without hallow at sides of mouth corner with distinct straight rugoses, not reaching toruli; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava distinctly acute apically, ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 34, width: 84, height: 65; POL: 20; OOL: 14; eye height: 35, length: 24; IOD: 57; eye length dorsally: 26; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 18; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 29; scape length: 26; pedicel length: 7, width: 4; pedicel plus flagellum: 72; fu1 length: 8, width: 5; fu6 length: 7, width: 5; clava length: 15, width: 4. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly more narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus triangular and small, imbricated, but distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper

63 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus with a row of deep punctures. Pronotum without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with shallowly diagonal furrow. Notauli distinct, reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Meta- pleuron shallowly imbricated; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, imbricated. Propo- deum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and without distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with sparse fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small and narrow, only reaching basal parts of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, posterior part of marginal vein with brown imfumation, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 104, width: 70, height: 55; mesoscutum length: 40; scutellum length: 40, width: 40; propodeum length: 20; fore wing length: 188, width: 70; marginal vein: 35; stigmal vein: 23; postmarginal vein: 41; femur: 5; tibia: 65. METASOMA: Petiole transverse, shiny and smooth; gaster dorsally collapsing, concave, smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 113, width: 55; gt1 length: 35, width: 54. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ45ʺN, 128°57ʹ33ʺE, 1-24.vii.2008, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, It- aly, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United King- dom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Janssoniella Kerrich, 1957

Janssoniella Kerrich, 1957 Janssoniella Kerrich, 1957: 303, 304. TS: Janssoniella caudata Kerrich, 1957, by original designation.

64 PTEROMALIDAE: Janssoniella

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin slightly arched. Pronotum shorter, with very short collar medially and sloping. Gaster sessile and lanceolate (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Janssoniella Kerrich, 1957

1. Antenna with clava yellow, funiculus black. Gt1 apically and gt2 yellowish-brown...... ‌ ...... J. albiclava Tselikh and Lee - Antenna‌ with clava and funiculus black or brown. All metasomal tergites with uniform colouration, usually dark metallic green...... 2 2. Larger‌ species, length 7.5-8.5 mm. Metasoma 2.7-2.8× longer than mesosoma, gt7 strongly elongate, 3.6-5.7× as long as maximum width...... J. magna Tselikh and Lee - Smaller‌ species, length 3-4.5 mm. Metasoma 1.9-2.2× longer than mesosoma, gt7 shorter, 2.4-2.6× as long as maximum width...... J. intermedia Hedqvist

23. Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh and Lee, 2017 (Pl. 20)

Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh and Lee, 2017: 15. Holotype: female; TL: Korea; TD: YNU.

Description: Female. Body length 7.5 mm. Fore wing length 5.4 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth dark. Scape testaceous; pedicel, anelli and fu1-fu6 dark brown; clava testaceous. Mesosoma metallic green with golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic green with weakly golden luster, trochanters pale yellow; femora yellowish brown, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish brown to black, basal half of gt1 metallic blue, reminder yellowish brown, gt 2 yellowish brown dorsally, in lateral view gt1-gt3, basal half of gt4 and ventral parts include hypopygium yellowish brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: with pubescence, imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin slightly arched and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner without distinct straight rugoses, smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits with a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1

65 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 19, width: 40, height: 25; POL: 6; OOL: 9; eye height: 22, length: 17; IOD: 22; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 2; malar space: 5; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 10; scape length: 13; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 70; fu1 length: 11, width: 3; fu6 length: 10, width: 3; clava length: 17, width: 3. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive dorsally, mostly more narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus triangular and large, imbricated, distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus with a row of deep punctures. Pronotum with pronotal collar medially, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal furrow. Notauli deep and distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleu- ron shallowly imbricated; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, imbricated. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and without distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reaching basal parts of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, posterior part of marginal vein with brown imfumation, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 57, width: 35, height: 30; mesoscutum length: 18; scutellum length: 20, width: 21; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 138, width: 49; marginal vein: 28; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 38; femur: 35; tibia: 45. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, lanceolate, lateral part of gaster with pubescence; metasoma longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 155, width: 25; gt1 length: 16, width: 17. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Yeongyang-gun, Irwol-myeon, Mt. Irwolsan, 36°48ʹ29ʹʹN, 129°05ʹ25ʹʹE, 15.vii-5.ix.2014, HY Han.

Distribution: Korea.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

66 PTEROMALIDAE: Janssoniella

24. Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist, 1968 (Pl. 21)

Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist, 1968: 58. Holotype: female; TL: Finland; TD: HC.

Description: Female. Body length 4.68 mm. Fore wing length 2.6 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic bluish green with blue and golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape and pedicel testaceous; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma dark metallic bluish green with golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Ventral part of pro coxa brown, reminder testaceous, meso coxa testaceous, meta coxa metallic bluish green with weakly golden luster, posterior part yellowish brown; trochanters pale yellow; femora testaceous, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: with pubescence, imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin slightly arched and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner without distinct straight rugoses, smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits with a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 11, width: 27, height: 19; POL: 4; OOL: 4; eye height: 14, length: 12; IOD: 16; eye length dorsally: 10; temple length dorsally: 1; malar space: 4; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 8; scape length: 10; pedicel length: 3, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 45; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 2; clava length: 8, width: 3. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated in dorsal view; prepectus triangular and large, imbricated, distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus with a row of deep punctures. Pronotum with pronotal collar medially, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal furrow. Notauli deep and distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, imbricated. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and without

67 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reaching basal parts of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 40, width: 19, height: 18; mesoscutum length: 12; scutellum length: 14, width: 12; propodeum length: 6; fore wing length: 91, width: 35; marginal vein: 21; stigmal vein: 9; postmarginal vein: 26; femur: 24; tibia: 32. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, lanceolate, lateral and dorsal parts of gaster with pubescence; metasoma longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 84, width: 20; gt1 length: 9, width: 11. Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined: 1♀, Korea, CB, Danyang-gun, Cheondong-ri, Mt. Sobaeksan, Temp. Bukbusa, 24.ix-14.x.2005; 1♀, Korea, GB, Yeongyang-gun, Irwol-myeon, Mt. Ilwolsan, 36°48ʹ29ʺN, 129°05ʹ25ʺE, 15.iv-5.vii.2014, HY Han.

Distribution: Korea, Canada, Finland, Sweden.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: CB, GB.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

25. Janssoniella magna Tselikh and Lee, 2017 (Pl. 22)

Janssoniella magna Tselikh and Lee, 2017: 16. Holotype: female; TL: Korea; TD: YNU.

Description: Female. Body length 7.5 mm. Fore wing length 4.5 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish green with blue and golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape testaceous; pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish green with blue and golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Ventral part of pro coxa bluish green, reminder testaceous, meso coxa testaceous, meta coxa metallic testaceous with weakly golden luster, posterior part yellowish brown; trochanters yellowish brown; femora testaceous, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: with pubescenc, imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without

68 PTEROMALIDAE: Janssoniella

occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin slightly arched and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner without distinct straight rugoses, smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits with a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 20, width: 39, height: 24; POL: 7; OOL: 4; eye height: 21, length: 15; IOD: 20; eye length dorsally: 16; temple length dorsally: 2; malar space: 5; mouth width: 17; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 9; scape length: 13; pedicel length: 3, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 70; fu1 length: 10, width: 3; fu6 length: 7, width: 3; clava length: 11, width: 4. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum imbricated dorsally; prepectus triangular and large, imbricated, distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus with a row of deep punctures. Pronotum with pronotal collar medially, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal furrow. Notauli deep and distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow, imbricated. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond base of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and without distinctly plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reaching basal parts of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 55, width: 35, height: 35; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 25, width: 20; propodeum length: 6; fore wing length: 131, width: 49; marginal vein: 25; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 40; femur: 40; tibia: 50. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, lanceolate, lateral and dorsal parts of gaster with pubescence; metasoma longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 150, width: 26; gt1 length: 19, width: 26.

69 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: Holotype, 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, 37°45ʹ1.9ʹʹN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʹʹE, 29.viii-14.x.2013, IG Kim.

Distribution: Korea, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909

Lariophagus Crawford, 1909 Lariophagus Crawford, 1909: 52. TS: Lariophagus texanus Crawford, 1909, by monotypy. Uriellomyia Girault, 1915: 319. TS: Uriellomyia resoluta Girault, 1915, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 414.

Diagnosis: Female fu1 small, as long as combined length of anelli, much shorter than pedicel. Lower face swollen; Clypeal margin emarginate. Propodeum with plicae trace from posterior part of spiracles, sinuate; short punctate nucha present. Margin of gt1 produced. Most funicular segments quadrate (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909

1. Hind‌ tibia with only one spur. Postmarginal vein slightly longer than marginal vein; apical margin of fore wing without fringe...... L. distinguendus (Förster) - Hind‌ tibia with two distinct spurs. Postmarginal vein as long as marginal vein; apical margin of fore wing with fringe...... L. obtusus Kamijo

26. Lariophagus distinguendus (Dibrachys, 1841) (Pl. 23)

Pteromalus distinguendus Förster, 1841: 17. Type undesignated. Pteromalus calamis Walker, 1849: 207. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 825; TL: Madeira; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 825. Pteromalus oryzinus Rondani, 1877: 195. Type undesignated; synonymy by Delucchi, 1955: 174.

70 PTEROMALIDAE: Lariophagus

Meraporus utibilis Tucker, 1910: 341. Type undesignated; synonymy by Gahan, 1921: 239. Uriellomyia resoluta Girault, 1915: 319. Syntype: females; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 415. Nasonia miltoni Girault, 1929: 320. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: SAMA; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 415.

Description: Female. Body length 1.55 mm. Fore wing length 1.4 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye gray, ocelli reddish brown. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma include lateral part metallic bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black; trochanters testaceous; femora brown; tibiae testaceous and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole testaceous; gaster metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath brown to dark brown. HEAD: with pubescence; with almost wholly vertically striate in frontal view, shallowly imbricated; vertex shallowly imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes, mostly inserted slightly above toruli. Clypeal margin without teeth, less emarginate and with weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with distictly straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; combined length of anelli and fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments quadrate; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 18, width: 37, height: 30; POL: 9; OOL: 5; eye height: 15, length: 11; IOD: 24; eye length dorsally: 8; temple length dorsally: 14; malar space: 9; mouth width: 8; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 14; scape length: 15; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 42; fu1 length: 3, width: 2; fu6 length: 4, width: 3; clava length: 11, width: 4. MESOSOMA: with pubescence; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus small, imbricated, as large as tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep puncture. Pronotum with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum small and narrow, with short diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum, only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated with some hiars; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum

71 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

imbricated, projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and with distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by pubescence. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reacing anterior part of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 49, width: 33, height: 27; mesoscutum length: 17; scutellum length: 17, width: 16; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 90, width: 36; marginal vein: 14; stigmal vein: 10; postmarginal vein: 15; femur: 27; tibia: 26. METASOMA: Petiole transverse, smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 60, width: 30; gt1 length: 10, width: 28. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Hongchon-gun, 10.ix.1993, JY Chio. Distribution: Korea, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Cro- atia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Madeira, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sri Lan- ka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Australian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Thompson, 1958; Peck, 1963; Ryoo et al., 1990; Chun et al.,1993; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012; Tselikh et al., 2016.

27. Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo, 1981 (Pl. 24)

Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo, 1981: 84. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 2.63 mm. Fore wing length 1.86 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye gray, ocelli reddish brown. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma include lateral part metallic bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black; trochanters testaceous; femora brown; tibiae testaceous and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole testaceous; gaster

72 PTEROMALIDAE: Lariophagus

metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath brown to dark brown. HEAD: with pubescence; with almost wholly vertically striate in frontal view, shallowly imbricated; vertex shallowly imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes, mostly inserted slightly above toruli. Clypeal margin without teeth, less emarginate and with weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with distictly straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. Anten- na insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 as long as combined length of anelli, much shorter than pedicel; funicular segments quadrate; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 25, width: 60, height: 50; POL: 14; OOL: 8; eye height: 30, length: 20; IOD: 39; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 9; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 20; scape length: 22; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 48; fu1 length: 4, width: 4; fu6 length: 6, width: 5; clava length: 10, width: 5. MESOSOMA: with pubescence; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus small, imbricated, as large as tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep puncture. Pronotum with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum small and narrow, with short diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum, only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Meta- pleuron imbricated with some hiars; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and with distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by pubescence. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small and narrow, not reacing anterior part of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 75, width: 60, height: 43; mesoscutum length: 30; scutellum length: 28, width: 30; propodeum length: 16; fore wing length: 140, width: 63; marginal vein: 25; stigmal vein: 20; postmarginal vein: 24; femur: 30; tibia: 32.

73 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

METASOMA: Petiole transverse, smooth and shiny; metasoma lanceolate, longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 104, width: 38; gt1 length: 22, width: 34. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, JN, Gwangju-si, 15.vi.1994, JY Chio. Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: JN.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2016.

Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833

Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833 Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833: 443. TS: Mesopolobus fasciiventris Westwood, by monotypy. Platymesopus Westwood, 1833: 444. TS: Platymesopus tibialis Westwood, by monotypy; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Amblymerus Walker, 1834: 303. TS: Amblymerus amaenus Walker, designated by Westwood, 1839: 70; synonymy by Platymesopus by Graham, 1957: 223; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Eutelus Walker, 1834: 381. TS: Eutelus dilectus Walker, designated by Westwood, 1839: 71; synonymized with Platymesopus by Graham, 1957: 223; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Platyterma Walker, 1834: 303. TS: Platyterma nobile Walker, designated by Westwood, 1839: 70; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Xenocrepis Förster, 1856: 64. TS: Xenocrepis pura Mayr, designated by ICZN, 1985: 39; synonymy by Ros- en, 1960: 8. Pteromalodes Dahlbom, 1857: 295. TS: Pteromalus morys Walker, designated by Graham, 1990: 199; synonymy by Graham, 1990: 199. Selitrichus Rondani, 1877: 196. TS: Selitrichus ceutorhynchi Rondani, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 265. Disema Förster, 1878: 54. TS: Disema pallipes Förster, by monotypy; Junior primary homonym of Disema Maeklin, 1875; Disemisca Ghesquière, 1946; n. n. for Disema Förster, nec Maeklin; synonymy by Gra- ham, 1969: 638. Syntomocera Förster, 1878: 52. TS: Syntomocera clavicornis Förster, by monotypy; Junior primary homonym of Syntomocera Schiner, 1861; Syntomocerella Ghesquière, 1946; n. n. for Syntomocera Förster,

74 PTEROMALIDAE: Mesopolobus

nec Schiner, 1861; Type species transferred to Mesopolobus Westwood by Rosen, 1961: 29. Asemantus Förster, 1878: 51. TS: Asemantus amphibolus Förster, by monotypy; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 638. Urielloides Girault, 1913: 106. TS: Urielloides fulvipes Girault, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 432. Zacalochlora Crawford, 1913: 251. TS: Zacalochlora milleri Crawford, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1971: 310. Paranogmus Girault and Dodd, 1915: 318. TS: Paranogmus pallidicornis Girault and Dodd, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 432. Anogmoidea Girault, 1924: 174. TS: Anogmoidea joulei Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 43. Baeoponerus Masi, 1924: 222. TS: Baeoponerus aeneus Masi, by monotypy; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 639. Euamblymerus Hincks, 1944: 37. TS: Amblymerus dubius Walker, by original designation; synonymized with Platymesopus Westwood by Graham, 1957: 223; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Ahlbergiella Rosen, 1955: 88. TS: Eutelus aequus Walker, by original designation; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205; synonymized with Amblymerus by Peck, 1963: 659; synonymized with subgenus Mesopolobus by Bouček, 1992: 203. Sturovia Bouček, 1961: 86. TS: Sturovia tenuicornis Bouček, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček and Graham, 1978: 228. Isoptrynea Szelényi, 1982: 381. TS: Isoptrynea tricarinata Szelényi, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 203.

Diagnosis: Propodeal plicae complete, median areas of between them shiny, only weakly sculptured. An- tenna with three anelli, insertion clearly below centre of face. Pronotal collar with abrupt edge but not carinate. Pronotum mostly extensively reticulate and with conspicuous shiny strip. Marginal vein at least 1.4 times as long as stigmal vein (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833

1. Margin of clypeus produced. POL minimum 2.3× OOL...... M. laticornis (Walker) - Margin of clypeus emarginated. POL maximum 2.3× OOL; often 2.0× OOL...... 2 2. Marginal‌ vein maximum 2.0× as long as stigmal vein. Head in dorsal view minimum 2.0× as broad as long...... M. amaenus (Walker) - Marginal‌ vein minimum 2.0× as long as stigmal vein. Head in dorsal view maximum 2.0× as broad as long...... 3

75 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

3. POL 2.0× OOL. Median parts of mid and hind tibia black. Gaster 1.7× as long as mesosoma...... ‌ ...... M. teliformis (Walker) - POL 2.3× OOL. All legs yellow. Gaster at least as long as mesosoma...... M. yasumatsui Kamijo

28. Mesopolobus amaenus (Walker, 1834) (Pl. 25)

Amblymerus amaenus Walker, 1834: 307. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 22; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Platyterma; combination by Blanchard, 1840: 270; Eutelus; combination by Dalla Torre, 1898: 92; Platymesopus; combination by Graham, 1957: 225; combination by Rosen, 1958: 225. Platyterma remotum Walker, 1834: 342, 343. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 226; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1848: 114; Platymesopus; combination by Graham, 1957: 226; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 676, 677. Amblymerus nanus Walker, 1834: 349. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 22; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1848: 115; synonymized with Platymesopus amaenus by Graham, 1957: 225; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Eutelus dilectus Walker, 1834: 356. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 676; TL: United King- dom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1846: 37; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 676. Eutelus immaculatus Walker, 1834: 357. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 226; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1846: 39; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 677. Eutelus eximius Walker, 1834: 360. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 226; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1846: 38; synonymized with Platymesopus amaenus by Graham, 1957: 225; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Eutelus catenatus Walker, 1834: 362, 363. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 226; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1848: 115; synonymized with Platymesopus amaenus by Graham, 1957: 225; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205. Eupelmus cecidomyinus Rondani, 1877: 177. Type undesignated; synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 247-276. Eupelmus circinantis Rondani, 1877: 178. Type undesignated; synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 247. Eutelus (Eutelus) collaris Thomson, 1878: 74. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 226; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; synonymized with Platymesopus amaenus by Graham, 1957: 225; synonymy by Rosen, 1958: 205.

Description: Female. Body length 1.8 mm. Fore wing length 1.35 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible yellowish brown and teeth darker. Scape, pedicel and anelli yellowish brown; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown

76 PTEROMALIDAE: Mesopolobus

to brown. Mesosoma include lateral part metallic green with golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic green with golden luster; trochanters testaceous; pro femur and meso femur yellowish brown, posterior part brown with green to golden luster, meta femur brown with green to golden luster except tips; tibiae yellowish brown and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic green with golden luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs; imbricated; vertex imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes not depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes, mostly inserted slightly above toruli. Clypeal margin without teeth, less produced and with weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with distictly straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; three anelli transverse and small, third larger than remain; fu1 as long as combined length of anelli, shorter than pedicel; funicular segments quadrate; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 18, width: 40, height: 30; POL: 9; OOL: 3; eye height: 19, length: 11; IOD: 23; eye length dorsally: 14; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 6; mouth width: 14; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 8; scape length: 17; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 37; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu5 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 8, width: 4. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum with abrupt edge not carinate, not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus imbricated, much larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep puncture. Pronotum from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum large not narrow, with shallowly diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum, only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum flat; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated without some hiars; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum narrow, as long as half of scutellum, imbricated, projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and with distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by short pubescence. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small not narrow, not reacing anterior part of marginal vein; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal

77 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 50, width: 35, height: 22; mesoscutum length: 17; scutellum length: 20, width: 20; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 90, width: 44; marginal vein: 17; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 12; femur: 30; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Gaster sessile; gaster as long as combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate, gt1 larger than gt2. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 43, width: 30; gt1 length: 9, width: 26. Male. Antennae yellowish brown, clava brown; funicular segments quadrate. Lateral part of pronotum without diagonal furrow; legs pale yellow; gaster shorter than mesosoma. Some materials gt1 yellow.

Specimen examined: 1♀40♂, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ., 21.v-26. vi.2014, HY Han.

Distribution: Korea, Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Australian, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

29. Mesopolobus laticornis (Walker, 1834) (Pl. 26)

Platyterma laticorne Walker, 1834: 304, 357. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 221; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1848: 114; combination by Rosen, 1958: 215.

Description: Female. Body length 2.1 mm. Fore wing length 1.4 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible yellowish brown and teeth darker. Scape, pedicel and anelli yellowish brown; fu1-fu6 and clava yellowish brown. Mesosoma include lateral part metallic green with golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic green with golden luster; trochanters testaceous; femora light yellowish brown, anterior part of meso femur and meta femur brown; tibiae light yellowish brown and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish black with golden luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs; imbricated; vertex imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression

78 PTEROMALIDAE: Mesopolobus

weak. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes not depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin without teeth, truncate and with weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with distictly straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit shallowly protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. An- tenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; three anelli transverse and small, third larger than remain; fu1 as long as combined length of anelli, shorter than pedicel; funicular segments quadrate; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 23, width: 45, height: 28; POL: 13; OOL: 4; eye height: 23, length: 16; IOD: 22; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 9; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 14; scape length: 18; pedicel length: 3, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 33; fu1 length: 3, width: 4; fu5 length: 3, width: 3; clava length: 8, width: 3. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum with abrupt edge not carinate, not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus imbricated, much larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep puncture. Pronotum from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum large not narrow, with shallowly diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum, only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum flat; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated without some hiars; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum narrow, as long as half of scutellum, smooth and shiny, projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and with distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by sparsely short pubescence. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum large not narrow, only reacing anterior part of marginal vein, posterior parts of marginal vein sparsely haired, almost bare; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 55, width: 40, height: 30; mesoscutum length: 22; scutellum length: 21, width: 25; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 115, width: 48; marginal vein: 25; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 20; femur: 28; tibia: 39. METASOMA: Gaster sessile; gaster as long as combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate, gt1 larger than gt2. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 80, width: 32; gt1 length: 22, width: 27. Male. Unknown.

79 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Mt. Bangtaesan, Myeongji Street, 1995.vii.17, SM Ryu. Distribution: Korea, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Moldova, Montenegro, Neth- erlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

30. Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker, 1834) (Pl. 27)

Platyterma cincticorne Walker, 1834: 306. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 659; TL: Unit- ed Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1846: 36; combination by Rosen, 1958: 213; synonymized with P. laticorne by Rosen, 1960: 20; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 659. Platyterma teliforme Walker, 1834: 305. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 222; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Pteromalus; combination by Walker, 1846: 36; combination by Rosen, 1958: 213; synonymized with M. laticornis by Rosen, 1960: 20. Pteromalus placidus Förster, 1841: 11. Type undesignated; Junior primary homonym of P. placidus (Walker, 1835); P. suavis Dalla Torre, 1898; n. n. for P. placidus Förster nec Walker; synonymized with M. cincticornis by Rosen, 1959: 143; synonymized with M. laticornis by Rosen, 1961: 29; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 659. Eutelus (Platytermus) brevicornis Thomson, 1878: 77. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 222; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; Platyterma; combination by Dalla Torre, 1898: 94; synonymized with M. laticornis by Rosen, 1961: 29; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 659.

Description: Female. Body length 2.27 mm. Fore wing length 1.48 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with golden luster. Eye dark gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape, pedicel, first and second anelli testaceous; third anellus, fu1-fu6 and first clava segment brown, second and third clava segments yellowish brown. Mesosoma include lateral part metallic green with golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic green with golden luster; trochanters testaceous; femora light yellowish brown, anterior part of meso femur and meta femur brown; tibiae yellowish brown and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic green with golden luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: without hairs; imbricated; vertex imbricated; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression

80 PTEROMALIDAE: Mesopolobus

weak. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes not depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin without teeth, truncate and with weakly hallow at sides of mouth corner with distictly straightly rugose; anterior tentorial pit shallowly protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. An- tenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; three anelli transverse and small, third larger than remain; fu1 as long as combined length of anelli, shorter than pedicel; funicular segments quadrate; clava without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 22, width: 45, height: 35; POL: 12; OOL: 4; eye height: 21, length: 17; IOD: 26; eye length dorsally: 14; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 6; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 12; scape length: 11; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 35; fu1 length: 2, width: 3; fu5 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 6, width: 4. MESOSOMA: with sparse hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum with abrupt edge not carinate, not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny; prepectus imbricated, much larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus without costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep puncture. Pronotum from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum large not narrow, with shallowly diagonal furrow. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum, only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum flat; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated without some hiars; upper part of metapleuron without furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth and shiny. Propodeum narrow, as long as half of scutellum, smooth and shiny, projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and with distinct plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by sparsely short pubescence. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum large not narrow, only reacing anterior part of marginal vein, posterior parts of marginal vein sparsely haired, almost bare; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 55, width: 38, height: 28; mesoscutum length: 27; scutellum length: 20, width: 20; propodeum length: 8; fore wing length: 100, width: 45; marginal vein: 25; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 15; femur: 25; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Gaster sessile; gaster longer than combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 truncate, gt1 larger than gt2. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 36, width: 15; gt1 length: 6, width: 20. Male. Gaster shorter than combined head and mesosoma.

81 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Specimen examined: 26♀30♂, Korea, GB, Changnyeong-gun, Yueo-myeon, Daedae-ri, Uponeup, 3.vii.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Neth- erlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

31. Mesopolobus yasumatsui Kamijo, 1981 (Pl. 61, C)

Mesopolobus yasumatsui Kamijo, 1981a: 277. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 1.7-2.7 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark blue to green with grey ruster; gaster dark brown in dorsal view. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow; flagellum brown, legs brownish yellow; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 2.0 times broader than length, 1.12 times broader than mesoscutum. POL 2.3 times OOL. Head in frontal view 1.2-1.3 times as broad as high. Eye length 1.1 times eye height. Clypeal margin produce. Malar space 0.43 times as long as height of an eye. Head and mesosoma reticulated strongest on mesoscutum. Antenna insert clypeal margin in frontal view. Pedicel as long as than fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length, a little wider than long. MESOSOMA: 1.6 times as long as broad. Mesoscutum 1.7-1.8 times as broad as length. Scutellum little longer than broad; propodeum 0.4 times as long as half of scutellum, with nucha and strongly plicae on median area. Fore wing 2.25 times as long as broad; marginal vein twice as long as stigmal vein, slightly longer than postmarginal vein. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, as long as mesosoma, apically acute; gt1 longer than combined length of gt2-gt3, posterior margin truncate. Male. Body length 1.3-2.1 mm. Face and frons deep blue; medial part of gaster with transverse brownish band.

Specimen examined: Paratype, 1♀, Korea, GG, Suweon, 10.iii.1977, JC Paik (EIHU). Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

82 PTEROMALIDAE: Miscogasteriella

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: Modified of original description.

Genus Miscogasteriella Girault, 1915

Miscogasteriella Girault, 1915 Miscogasteriella Girault, 1915: 196. TS: Miscogasteriella longiventris Girault, by original designation and monotypy. Glyptosticha Masi, 1927: 348-349. TS: Glyptosticha flavipes Masi, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 402. Trigonoderoides Kamijo, 1962: 121. TS: Glyptosticha nigricans Masi, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Heydon, 1997: 5.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin weakly emarginate, without teeth. Second and thirds claval segments with micropilosity area. Notauli complete; scutellum with distinct frenal furrow. Propodeum with a median longitudinal depression deep, strongly costate. Gaster of female depressed dorsally; petiole strongly transverse; medial margin of gt1 emarginate; ovipositor sheath short. Gaster of male compressed; petiole quadrate; first tergite not excised at apex (Kamijo, 1962).

32. Miscogasteriella sulcata (Kamijo, 1962) (Pl. 28)

Glyptosticha sulcata Kamijo, 1962: 118. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 6.94 mm. Fore wing length 6.27 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light gray, ocelli yellowish brown. Mandible testaceous and teeth darker. Scape dark testaceous; pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with yellow to green luster, lateral part without yellow to green luster; pronotum without yellow to green luster; metanotum metallic bluish black with weakly yellow to green luster in dorsal; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Ventral part of pro coxa brown, reminders metallic bluish black, meso coxa yellowish brown, meta coxa metallic bluish black, posterior part yellowish brown; trochanters pale yellow; femora brown except tips, anterior part and tips testaceous; tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish brown to black with blue luster; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: with pubescence, posterior part also, medial part of face imbricated in frontal view, lower parts of

83 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

supraclypeal area, clypeus, small part of above maral sulcus, gena, vertex and along the narrow out margins of eyes smooth and shiny, without hairs; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin emarginate and with less hallow at sides of mouth corner without distictly straightly rugose, smooth and shiny; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant; at sides of tentorial pits without a pair of deep punctures. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second anellus larger than first anellus; fu1 much longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; claval segments second and thirds with visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 18, width: 39, height: 28; POL: 6; OOL: 8; eye height: 16, length: 13; IOD: 26; eye length dorsally: 12; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 8; mouth width: 18; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 11; scape length: 11; pedicel length: 3, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 110; fu1 length: 12, width: 3; fu6 length: 10, width: 3; clava length: 10, width: 3. MESOSOMA: with pubescence; dorsally imbricated; pronotum not extensive in dorsal view, mostly narrow than mesoscutum, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum weakly imbricated dorsally, mostly smooth and shiny; prepectus triangular and large, imbricated, distinctly larger than tegula, without vertical carina, anterior part of prepectus with costula; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; upper mesepimeron protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Margin of transepimeral sulcus distinct, transepimeral sulcus without a row of deep puncture. Pronotum with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with short diagonal furrow. Notauli deep and distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated with hiars; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum large, imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny. Propodeum shallowly imbricated, mostly smooth and shiny, projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and without distinctly plicae, between median carina and spiracle with a pair of longitudinal fovea, its shoter than median cirina, postspiracular sulci visible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum arcuately excised; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum absent; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 45, width: 19, height: 27; mesoscutum length: 10; scutellum length: 16, width: 16; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 115, width: 40; marginal vein: 23; stigmal vein: 8; postmarginal vein: 40; femur: 25; tibia: 30.

84 PTEROMALIDAE: Miscogasteriella

METASOMA: Petiole transverse; gaster lanceolate, lateral and dorsal parts of gaster with pubescence; metasoma longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; medial margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 113, width: 5; gt1 length: 5, width: 5. Male. Almost same with female except gaster compressed; petiole quadrate; first tergite not excised at apex.

Specimen examined: 2♀, Korea, Busan, Gijang-gun, Jeonggwan-myeon, Gijang-cheongsonyeon-suryeo- nwon, 35°18ʹ52.24ʺN, 129°09ʹ57ʺE, 22.v-29.vi.2008, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, CB: Yeongdong-gun, Sang- chon-myeon, Mulhan valley, 35°49ʹ53ʺN, 128°32ʹ28ʺE, 23.v.2002, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, CB, Cheong- won-gun, Miwon-myeon, Miwon-ri, 5-22.vii.2015, JH Han; 1♀, Korea, CB, Danyang-gun, Cheondong-ri, Mt. Sobaeksan, Temp. Bukbusa, 7.vii-2.viii.2005, JW Lee; 3♂, Cheongwon-gun, Miwon-myeon, Mi- won-ri, 9-16.ix.2005, JH Han; 1♀, Korea, GB, Kyeongju-si, Hyeongok-myeon, Namsa-ri, 2-9.ix.2015, JT Mun; 1♂, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ9ʺN, 128°59ʹ18ʺE, 23.v.2008, JW Lee; 2♀, ditto, 15-29.ix.2005, JO Lim; 1♀, ditto, 35°38ʹ9ʺN, 128°59ʹ18ʺE, 23.v.2008, JW Lee; 2♀, dit- to, 35°38ʹ19ʺN, 128°57ʹ40ʺE, 5-15.v.2009, JW Lee; 2♀, ditto, 30.v-16.vi.2009, CJ Kim; 2♀, Korea, GB, Yeongju-si, Punggi-eup, Jungnyeong, 35°53ʹ42.7ʺN, 128°26ʹ22.0ʺE, 20.viii-5.ix.2009, JW Lee; 1♀, Ko- rea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Haksodaepakpo, 35°38ʹ15ʺN, 28°59ʹ51ʺE, 2.vii-16.viii.2013, JW Lee; 2♂, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Ssalbawi, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ08ʺN, 129°01ʹ27ʺE, 13.vii-16.viii.2013, JW Lee; 6♂, Korea, GB, Chilgok-gun, Dongmyeong-myeon, Hakmyeong-ri, San, 36°01ʹ53.45ʺN, 128°33ʹ46.93ʺE, 15.vii-29.viii.2014, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Yeongcheon-si, Sinnyeo- ng-myeon, Chisan-ri, San 141-4, 36°01ʹ12.55ʺN, 128°42ʹ26.29ʺE, 15.vii-29.viii.2014, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Yeongcheon-si, Sinnyeong-myeon, Chisan-ri, San 141-4, 36°01ʹ12.55ʺN, 128°42ʹ26.29ʺE, 30.viii-25. ix.2014, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Myeongho-myeon, Gwanchang-ri, Mt. Cheongryangsan, 22.v.2015, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Galsan-ri, Irwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 7.viii.2015, Tselikh and GH Ko; 2♂, Korea, GG, Anyang-si, Manan-gu, Gwanak Arbore- tum, 37°18ʹ5.3ʺN, 127°19ʹ1.5ʺE, 5-19.vii.2007, JO Lim; 3♀1♂, Korea, GG, Gapyeong-gun, Cheongpy- eong-myeon, Mt. Homyeongsan, 1-26.v.2009, JW Lee; 1♀, ditto, 37°43ʹ16.3ʺN, 127°19ʹ23.4ʺE, 31.vii- 17.viii.2009, JO Lim; 2♀♂, ditto, 27.v-10.vi.2009, JO Lim; 1♂, Korea, GG, Namyangju-si, Choan-myeon, Songchon-ri, Mt. Ungilsan, 37°34ʹ43.3ʺN, 127°18ʹ37.5ʺE, 26.vi-16.vii.2009, JO Lim; 1♀22♂, ditto, 37°34ʹ43.2ʺN, E 127°18ʹ40.1ʺE, 18.viii-4.ix.2009, JO Lim; 2♀1♂, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, 37°45ʹ1.9ʺN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʺE, 29.viii-14.x.2013, IG Kim; 1♂, Korea, GW, Donghae-si, Samhwa-dong, Mureunggyegok, 2-10.x.2006, JW Lee; 1♀♂, Korea, GW, Won- ju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, 234, Yonsei University, 21.v-27.vi.2014, HY Han.

Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

85 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Korea: Busan, CB, CB, GB, GG, GW.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

Genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934

Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934: 143. TS: Pteromalus pini Hartig, by monotypy. Beierina Delucchi, 1958: 271. TS: Pteromalus pini Hartig, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1961: 74.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin emarginate. Pronotum dorsally very short with sharply carinate; mesoscutum densely pubescent. Each flagellar segment generally with two rows of dense sensilla. Posterior margin of propodeum deeply arcuately excised, thin and narrowly upturned; median area reticulate, large, delimited by subangular plicae (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934

1. Head 1.3-1.4× as broad as mesoscutum in dorsal view...... M. lazoensis Tselikh - Head 2.95× as broad as long in dorsal view...... M. pini (Hartig)

33. Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh, 2012 (Pl. 29)

Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh, 2012: 293. Holotype: female; TL: Russia; TD: ZISP.

Description: Female. Body length 2.71 mm. Fore wing length 2.52 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic bluish green with weakly golden luster, sclobe and scrobal depression metallic bluish green. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible light yellowish brown, teeth brown. Scape testaceous; pedicel yellowish brown; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark testaceous. Mesosoma dark metallic bluish green with weakly golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma dark metallic bluish green with weakly golden luster and metanotum dark metallic bluish green with weakly golden luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Pro coxa and meso coxa light yellowish brown, basal part of meta coxa brown with metallic bluish luster, apical part light yellowish brown; trochanters pale yellow; femora light yellowish brown except tips; tibiae, knee and tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic bluish brown; gaster metallic bluish brown to black, ventral parts testaceous; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without dis-

86 PTEROMALIDAE: Mokrzeckia

tinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression extremely strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and emarginate. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments little longer than wide, with each flagellar segment with two rows of dense sensilla; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 24, width: 47, height: 35; POL: 8; OOL: 10; eye height: 21, length: 14; IOD: 33; eye length dorsally: 15; temple length dorsally: 7; malar space: 8; mouth width: 22; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 16; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 47; fu1 length: 5, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 4; clava length: 12, width: 3. MESOSOMA: dorsally reticulate with pubescence; pronotum and mesonotum reticulate in dorsal view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus smooth and shiny, posterior part with deep furrow; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, lower mesepimeron imbricated, smooth and shiny. Prono- tum transverse and narrow dorsally; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron less imbricated, mainly smooth and shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum punctate. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with deep longitudinal median carina, with sharp plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum deeply arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small not narrow, not reaching marginal vein, disc sparsely with brown hairs, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein sparsely; stigma swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 50, width: 35, height: 29; mesoscutum length: 18; scutellum length: 20, width: 20; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 115, width: 52; marginal vein: 32; stigmal vein: 15; postmarginal vein: 25; femur: 32; tibia: 35. METASOMA: Petiole visible in dorsal view, not transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 60, width: 32; gt1 length: 10, width: 20; petiole length: 3, width: 2. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Inje-gun, Jindong-myeon, Jindong-ri, Mt. Jeombongsan, Gombaer-

87 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

yeong, 26.vi-28.vii.2013, JY Park; 1♀, Korea, GW, Mt. Taebaeksan, Temp. Yuil-sa, 20.vi-11.vii.1999, DS Gu; 1♀, Korea, JB, Wanju-gun, Dongsan-myeon, Dae-ri, San 1-2, Daea Arboretum, 35°58ʹ28.24ʺN, 127°18ʹ13.53ʺE, 16-30.ix.2013, JM Park.

Distribution: Korea, Russian.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GW, JB.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2016.

34. Mokrzeckia pini (Hartig, 1838) (Pl. 61, D)

Pteromalus pini Hartig, 1838: 253. Lectotype: female, designatied by Graham, 1969: 479; TL: Germany; TD: ZSMM; combination by Mokrzecki, 1934: 143; Beierina; combination by Delucchi, 1958: 271. Pteromalus halidayanus Ratzeburg, 1848: 207. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 479; TL: Germany; TD: ZSMM; synonymy by Kurdjumov, 1913: 23. Schizonotus pailloti Ferrière and Faure, 1925: 229. Holotype: female; TL: France; TD: BMNH; synonymized with Beierina pini by Delucchi, 1958: 271; synonymy by Bouček, 1961: 74.

Description: Female. Body length 2.0-2.5 mm. COLOR: Head and mesosoma blue; metasoma brown. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow; flagellum brown; legs brownish yellow; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 2.95 times as long as length. POL 1.1 times OOL. Head in frontal view 1.3 times as long as high. Eye height 1.54 times eye length, 3.7 times larger than malar space. Distance between from toruli to median ocellus 1.1 times distance between from toruli to clypeal margin. Clypeal margin straight. Breadth of an eye 2.39 times as long as malar space. Head and mesosoma reticulated strongest on mesoscutum. Antenna insert clypeal margin in frontal view. Scape 5.0 times as long as pedicel; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments almost equal in length; anelli transverse. MESOSOMA: 1.6 times as long as broad. Scutellum finely punctate, about 1.4 times as long as height, with distinct frenal line. Scutellum medially 2.69 times as long as propodeum; propodeum reticulate, mostly with distinct median carina. Meta femur 4.75 times longer than broad. Fore wing 2.28 times as long as maximum width; with less sparse costal cell hairy. Apex of fore wing with short fringe. Postmarginal vein 1.69 times as long as stigmal vein; marginal vein 1.8 times as long as postmarginal vein. METASOMA: Gaster 1.26 times as long as mesosoma; petiole wider than height. Psterior margins of gt1 straight dorsally; length of combined gt2-gt3 longer than gt1, somooth and shiny. Male. Unknown.

88 PTEROMALIDAE: Muscidifurax

Specimen examined: Unexamined.

Distribution: Korea, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, North Africa, China, Poland, Russia, Slovakia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: South Pyongan.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Tselikh, 2011; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: No specimens were available for this study. This study is based on the loan specimen.

Genus Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders, 1910

Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders, 1910 Muscidifurax Girault and Sanders, 1910: 146. TS: Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, by original designation and monotypy. Smeagolia Hedqvist, 1973: 237. TS: Smeagolia perplexa Hedqvist, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 203.

Diagnosis: Head very broad, notauli complete with conspicuous occipital carina; antennae inserted high above centre of face. Marginal vein and stigma of fore wing more or less widened. Gaster on subquadrate petiole which is smooth and flat dorsally (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

35. Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, 1910 (Pl. 30)

Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, 1910: 149. Lectotype: female, designated by Frison, 1927: 219; TL: United States of America; TD: INHS. Smeagolia perplexa Hedqvist, 1973: 237. Holotype: female; TL: Sweden; TD: HC; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 203.

Description: Male. Body length 2.3 mm. Fore wing length 1.2 mm. COLOR: Head metallic black with weakly golden luster. Eye dark gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible dark brown to black. Scape testaceous; pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic black with weakly golden luster; tegula dark brown; wings hyaline. Coxae dark brown to black; trochanters pale yellow; femora yellowish brown, meta femur dark brown; tibiae, knee and tarsi yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic black; gaster metallic black without luster, except gt1 yellow

89 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

also ventral parts. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; with occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression not strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes not depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus without straight rugoses and truncate. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 as long as pedicel; funicular segments longer than wide, with flagellar segment with dense sensilla; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 22, width: 48, height: 36; POL: 5; OOL: 13; eye height: 20, length: 16; IOD: 33; eye length dorsally: 14; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 9; mouth width: 11; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 18; scape length: 25; pedicel length: 5, width: 4; pedicel plus flagellum: 70; fu1 length: 5, width: 4; fu6 length: 6, width: 4; clava length: 10, width: 4. MESOSOMA: dorsally reticulate with pubescence; pronotum and mesonotum reticulate in dorsal view; metanotum reticulate dorsally; prepectus smooth and shiny, posterior part with deep furrow; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, lower mesepimeron imbricated, smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse and not narrow dorsally; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Meta- pleuron less imbricated, mainly smooth and shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum punctate. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina, without sharply plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles rugose; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum large not narrow, reaching marginal vein, disc sparsely haired; areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein sparsely; stigma swollen. Marginal vein swollen, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 52, width: 36, height: 28; mesoscutum length: 21; scutellum length: 18, width: 22; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 92, width: 41; marginal vein: 20; stigmal vein: 11; postmarginal vein: 12; femur: 35; tibia: 36. METASOMA: Petiole visible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 55, width: 44; gt1 length: 22, width: 35; petiole length: 3, width: 4. Female. Unknown.

90 PTEROMALIDAE: Nasonia

Specimen examined: 5♂, Korea, GN, Hapcheon-gun, Daeyang-myeon, Jeongyang-ri, 12.viii.2016, DS Ku. Distribution: Korea, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hawaii, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakh- stan, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Africa, Peru, Puerto Rico, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: Korea.

Korean record: Shin et al., 2000; Rueda et al., 1997; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904

Nasonia Ashmead, 1904 Nasonia Ashmead, 1904: 318. TS: Nasonia brevicornis Ashmead, original designation and monotypy. Mormoniella Ashmead, 1904: 316. TS: Mormoniella brevicornis Ashmead, original designation; synonymy by Peck, 1963: 709.

Diagnosis: Female antenna clavate, funicular segments strongly transverse without micropilosity area. Mesoscutum shiny, less imbricated. Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein. Propodeum with globose and punctate nucha (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

36. Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Pl. 31)

Pteromalus vitripennis Walker, 1836: 492. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 779; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Lariophagus; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 16; Mormoniella; combination by Gahan, 1927: 5; combination by Peck, 1951: 559; M. vitripennis; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 779. Pteromalus muscarum Hartig, 1838: 256. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1979: 780; TL: Germa- ny; TD: ZSMM; Lariophagus; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 15; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 779. Pteromalus abnormis Boheman, 1858: 58, 59. Type undesignated; Lariophagus; combination by Kurdju- mov, 1913: 15; synonymized with Mormoniella vitripennis by Gahan, 1927: 5. Dicyclus pallinervosus Walker, 1872: 117. Holotype: female; TL: Madeira; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Gra- ham, 1969: 779. Stictonotus insuetus Walker, 1872: 117, 118. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 780; TL: Madei-

91 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

ra; TD: BMNH; Semiotellus; combination by Dalla Torre, 1898: 211; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 779. Mormoniella brevicornis Ashmead, 1904: 316. Lectotype: female, designated by Darling and Werren, 1990: 358; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymy by Darling and Werren, 1990: 358. Nasonia brevicornis Ashmead, 1904: 317. Lectotype: female, designated by Darling and Werren, 1990: 358; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with Mormoniella vitripennis by Gahan, 1927: 5; synonymy by Darling and Werren, 1990: 358. Platymesopus erausquinii Brèthes, 1913: 92. Type undesignated; synonymy by De Santis, 1967: 196.

Description: Female. Body length 1.98 mm. Fore wing length 1.82 mm. COLOR: Head metallic greenish black with weakly golden luster, sclobe and scrobal depression metallic greenish black with weakly golden luster. Eye dark reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous; pedicel brown; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark testaceous. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with weakly golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black with weakly golden luster and metanotum metallic bluish black with weakly golden luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish; trochanters testaceous; half of anterior part of femora brown, posterior part testaceous; tibiae, knee and tarsi testaceous, claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic bluish brown; gaster metallic bluish brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; with occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate, parts imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with shallowly straightly rugoses not reaching toruli. Anten- na insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments transverse; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 15, width: 36, height: 27; POL: 8; OOL: 7; eye height: 17, length: 12; IOD: 24; eye length dorsally: 11; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 7; mouth width: 14; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 11; scape length: 15; pedicel length: 5, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 26; fu1 length: 3, width: 3; fu6 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 5, width: 4. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum imbricated and mesonotum reticulate in dorsal view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus smooth and shiny, anterior part with rugose; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, with shallowly imbricated trace. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 2/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct

92 PTEROMALIDAE: Notoglyptus

frenal line. Metapleuron less imbricated, mainly smooth and shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum punctate. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, with plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with globose and punctate nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles rough; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing without fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; disc mostly bare, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma not swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 50, width: 31, height: 28; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 18, width: 20; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 90, width: 40; marginal vein: 18; stigmal vein: 11; postmarginal vein: 14; femur: 27; tibia: 31. METASOMA: Petiole invisible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight, as long as half of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 40, width: 37; gt1 length: 17, width: 37. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, JB, Kimje-shi, 5.vii.1994, JY Choi. Distribution: Korea, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Madeira, Moldova, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, North Africa, Norway, Poland, Romania, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, South africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe.

Region: Worldwide.

Korea: JB.

Korean record: Paik, 1978; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Rueda et al., 1997; Shin et al., 2000; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917

Notoglyptus Masi, 1917 Notoglyptus Masi, 1917: 181. TS: Notoglyptus niger Masi, by original designation.

93 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

37. Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd and Girault, 1915) (Pl. 61, E)

Merismus scutellaris Dodd and Girault, 1915: 328. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; combination by Bouček, 1988: 466. Merismus squamosus Girault, 1915: 328. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 466. Notoglyptus niger Masi, 1917: 181. Type undesignated; synonymized with N. virescens by Bouček, 1976: 15. Notoglyptus virescens Masi, 1917: 181. Holotype: female; TL: Seychelles; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 466.

Description: Female. Body length 1.2-1.4 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; scape and pedicel brown; flagellum brown, legs yellow; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view broader than length. Head and mesosoma reticulated strongest on mesoscutum. An- tenna insert close clypeal margin in frontal view. Anelli transverse; scape 4.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel longer than fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length, bloader than height. MESOSOMA: longer than broad. Propodeum with distinct median carina. Meta femur longer than broad. Fore wing longer than maximum width, with less sparse costal cell hairy; apex of fore wing with fringe. Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein, marginal vein 2.0 times as long as stigmal vein. METASOMA: Petiole longer than width; gaster longer than mesosoma, somooth and shiny. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GG, Suweon, 16.ix.1974, Unknown (EIHU) Distribution: Korea, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakh- stan, Macedonia, Malaysia, Morocco, New Zealand, North Africa, China, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Zimbabwe.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG, South Phenan.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904

Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904 Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904: 329. TS: Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead, by monotypy.

94 PTEROMALIDAE: Pachycrepoideus

Toxeumopsis Girault, 1915: 196. TS: Toxeumopsis nigra Girault, original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Girault, 1925: 2. Anisopteromalia Bouček, 1954: 57. TS: Anisopteromalia crassinervis Bouček, original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1957: 165.

38. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) (Pl. 62, A)

Pteromalus vindemmiae Rondani, 1875: 148. Lectotype: female, designated by Delucchi, 1955: 139-141; TL: Italy; TD: MLSF; Encyrtus; combination by Rondani, 1876: 84; Pachyneuron; combination by Martelli, 1910: 169; combination by Delucchi, 1955: 139. Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead, 1904: 329. Holotype: female; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymy by Delucchi, 1955: 139. Toxeumella dissimilis Girault and Dodd, 1915: 196. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 443. Toxeumopsis nigra Girault, 1915: 196. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 443. Pterosemoidea drosophilae Dodd, 1917: 350. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: QMB (estimation); synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 443. Anisopteromalia crassinervis Bouček, 1954: 58. Holotype: female; TL: Czech Republic; TD: NMP; synonymy by Bouček, 1957: 165. Pachycrepoideus elongata Delucchi, 1955: 141. Holotype: female; TL: Morocco; TD: MHNG; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 847.

Description: Female. Body length 2.75 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; gaster dark brown in dosall view. Scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellum dark brown; legs brownish yellow; fore wing hyaline, venation light brown. HEAD: in dorsal view broader than length, broader than mesoscutum. Head in frontal view 1.2-1.3 times broader than high. Eye length 1.1 times eye height. Clypeal margin produce. Head and mesosoma reticulated strongest on mesoscutum. Antenna insert clypeal margin in frontal view. Pedicel longer than fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length, a little wider than longer.

95 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

MESOSOMA: longer than broad. Mesoscutum as broad as long. Scutellum little longer than broad; propodeum longer than half of scutellum. Fore wing longer than width; marginal vein thick and as long as stigmal vein, postmarginal vein 1.2 times as long as marginal vein. METASOMA: Petiole transverse. Tergites smooth and shiny; gt1 longer than combined length of gt2-gt3. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GG, Suweon, -.viii.1960, Unknown (EIHU). Distribution: Korea, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Fiji, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Africa, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (Canary Islands), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela.

Region: Worldwide.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Rueda et al., 1997; Shin et al., 2000; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: No specimens were available for this study. This study is based on the original description.

Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833

Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 Pachyneuron Walker, 1833: 371, 380. TS: Pachyneuron formosum Walker, by monotypy. Serimus Brèthes, 1913: 90. TS: Serimus argentinus Brèthes, by monotypy; synonymy by De Santis, 1957: 118. Propachyneuronia Girault, 1917: 102. TS: Encyrtus siphonophorae Ashmead, by original designation; synonymized with Pachyneuron by Timberlake, 1918: 402; synonymized with Syrphophagus by Trjapitzin, 1989: 193. Nepachyneuron Girault, 1917: 9. TS: Pachyneuron eros Girault, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Timberlake, 1926: 308. Atrichoptilus Delucchi, 1955: 141. TS: Pachyneuron aeneum Masi, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1965: 18. Eupachyneuron Blanchard, 1948: 256. TS: Eupachyneuron bosqi Blanchard, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 441.

96 PTEROMALIDAE: Pachyneuron

Diagnosis: Gena flat not hollow. Clypeal margin produced, at apex rounded or truncate or shallowly emarginate. Antennae with two anelli and six funicular segments or three anelli and five funicular segments. Female antenna not clavate, clava without micropilosity area. Postmarginal vein longer than marginal vein, marginal vein expanding distad. Propodeum without longitudinal carina; gt1 moderately enlarged (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833

1. Fore wing with speculum not reaching marginal vein, if reaching at most basal part of marginal vein...... ‌ ...... P. solitarium (Hartig) - Fore wing with speculum distinctly reaching marginal vein...... 2 2. Speculum‌ reaching marginal vein, at most median part of marginal vein. All femurs brown except apical part...... P. aphidis (Bouché) - Speculum reaching apical part of marginal vein. All legs yellow...... P. groenlandicum (Holmgren)

39. Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834) (Pl. 32)

Diplolepis aphidis Bouché, 1834: 170. Type undesignated; Pteromalus; combination by Nees, 1834: 425; combination by Reinhard, 1859: 192. Pteromalus minutissimus Förster, 1841: 28. Lectotype: male, designated by Delucchi, 1955: 138; TL: Ger- many; TD: NHMV; combination by Delucchi, 1955: 137. Pachyneuron pruni Walker, 1850: 128. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 842; TL: Germany; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 842. Encyrtus siphonophorae Ashmead, 1886: 131. Syntype: female; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; Encyrtus; combination by Schmiedeknecht, 1909: 251; synonymized with Aphidencyrtus aphidiphagus by Girault, 1915: 283; Propachyneuronia; combination by Girault, 1917: 102; combination by Timberlake, 1918: 402. Pachyneuron aphidivora Ashmead, 1887: 14. Syntypes: female and male; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with Propachyneuronia siphonophorae by Girault, 1917: 102. Pachyneuron maidaphidis Ashmead, 1888: 23. Syntypes: Unknown; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with Propachyneuronia siphonophorae by Girault, 1917: 102. Pachyneuron micans Howard, 1890: 247. Syntype: female; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM; synonymized with Propachyneuronia siphonophorae by Girault, 1917: 102. Pachyneuron gifuensis Ashmead, 1904: 158. Syntype: female; TL: Japan; TD: USNM; synonymy by Kami- jo and Takada, 1973: 57.

97 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Serimus argentinus Brèthes, 1913: 91. Holotype: male; TL: Argentina; TD: Unknown; synonymized with Propachyneuronia siphonophorae by De Santis, 1957: 119. Pachyneuron lali Mani, 1939: 81. Holotype: female; TL: India; TD: IARI; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 451. Pachyneuron ferrierei Mani, 1939: 83. Syntype: male; TL: India; TD: IARI; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 451. Eupachyneuron bosqi Blanchard, 1948: 256. Type undesignated; TL: Argentina; TD: Unknown; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 442. Pachyneuron triarticulata Mani and Saraswat, 1974: 98-100. Holotype: female; TL: India; TD: USNM; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 451.

Description: Female. Body length 1.09 mm. Fore wing length 0.81 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye dark reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape, pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu5 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish brown to black; trochanters brown; femora brown except tips; tibiae yellowish brown; knee and tarsi testaceous, claws and arolia dark. Petiole metallic bluish brown; gaster metallic bluish brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with shallowly straightly rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 16, width: 36, height: 28; POL: 10; OOL: 6; eye height: 14, length: 10; IOD: 27; eye length dorsally: 10; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 7; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 12; scape length: 13; pedicel length: 3, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 32; fu1 length: 3, width: 3; fu6 length: 4, width: 4; clava length: 10, width: 3. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum imbricated and mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus small smooth and shiny, anterior part imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron with shallowly imbricated trace. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus

98 PTEROMALIDAE: Pachyneuron

larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 2/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus indistinct, near transepimeral sulcus with deep puncture. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles smooth; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum large, reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly bare, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 38, width: 30, height: 20; mesoscutum length: 15; scutellum length: 15, width: 15; propodeum length: 7; fore wing length: 72, width: 34; marginal vein: 8; stigmal vein: 8; postmarginal vein: 10; femur: 21; tibia: 25. METASOMA: Petiole invisible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight, as long as 2/3 of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 35, width: 30; gt1 length: 13, width: 27; petiole length: 4, width: 6. Male. Metasoma shorther than mesosoma; funicular segments long pubescence, with two anelli.

Specimen examined: 5♀4♂, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 26.vi.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park.

Distribution: Korea, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Monte- negro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia (Cauca- sus), Rwanda, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (Canary Islands), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen.

Region: Worldwide.

Korea: GB, GW, JB, JN.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Paik, 1994; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

99 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

40. Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872) (Pl. 33)

Pteromalus groenlandicus Holmgren, 1872: 100. Lectotype: female, designated by Hedqvist, 1977: 238; TL: Greenland; TD: NHRM; combination by Lundbeck, 1897: 248; P. groenlandicus; combination by Hedqvist, 1977: 238. Pachyneura mitsukurii Ashmead, 1904: 158. Syntype: female; misspelt generic name; TL: Japan; TD: USNM; synonymy by Kamijo, 1983: 303. Pachyneuron karnalensis Mani, 1939: 85. Type undesignated; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 452. Pachyneuron coeruleum Delucchi, 1955: 131. Holotype: female; TL: Netherlands; TD: MHNG; Possible synonymized with P. umbratum by Graham, 1969: 834-836. Pachyneuron umbratum Delucchi, 1955: 132. Holotype: female; TL: Switzerland; TD: MHNG; synonymy by Hedqvist, 1977: 238. Pachyneuron bakrotus Mani and Saraswat, 1974: 103, 104. Holotype: female; TL: India; TD: SJCA; synonymy by Bouček et al., 1979: 452.

Description: Female. Body length 1.91 mm. Fore wing length 1.41 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish brown to black; trochanters, femora and tibiae light yellowish brown; knee and tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Petiole brown; gaster metallic brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncated hallow at sides of mouth corner with shallowly straightly rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 22, width: 52, height: 37; POL: 12; OOL: 10; eye height: 22, length: 17; IOD: 34; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 10; mouth width: 10; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 17; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 44; fu1 length: 4, width: 4; fu6 length: 4, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 4.

100 PTEROMALIDAE: Pachyneuron

MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum smooth and shiny; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus small, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, with shallowly imbricated trace; lower mesepimeron with shallowly imbricated. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow, posteri- or part with shallowly imbricated trace; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus indistinct, near transepimeral sulcus with deep puncture. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and plicae but rough, postspiracular sulci visible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell mostly bare; speculum large, reaching marginal vein; generally disc mostly bare, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 55, width: 40, height: 35; mesoscutum length: 19; scutellum length: 20, width: 25; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 104, width: 46; marginal vein: 14; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 11; femur: 27; tibia: 32. METASOMA: Petiole invisible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, as long as 1/3 of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 50, width: 28; gt1 length: 20, width: 28; petiole length: 3, width: 5. Male. Postmarginal vein slightly longer than marginal vein; funicular segments white long pubescence.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Gakbuk-myeon, Namsan-3ri, 35°41ʹN, 128°35ʹ23E, 6-24.v.2009, JW Lee; 1♂, ditto, 35°41ʹN, 128°35ʹE, 3.vi-13.vii.2007, JW Lee; 1♂, Korea, GB, Cheong- do-gun, Gakbuk-myeon, Namsan-3ri, 35°41ʹN, 128°35ʹE, 18-25.vii.2007, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GG, Su- won-si, Kwonseon-gu, Seodon-myeon, Suwon Arboretum CALS., 19.ix-15.x.2009, JO Lim; 4♀1♂, Korea, JB, Wanju-gun, Dongsan-myeon, Dae-ri, San 1-2, Daea Arboretum, 35°58ʹ24.24ʺN, 127°18ʹ13.53ʺE, 16- 30.vi.2013, JM Park.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greenland, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yemen.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB, GG, GW, JB, South Pyongan.

101 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Paik, 1994; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

41. Pachyneuron solitarium (Hartig, 1838) (Pl. 34)

Chrysolampus solitarius Hartig, 1838: 250. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 839; TL: Ger- many; TD: Hartig collection; Ichneumon (Chrysolampus); combination by Ratzeburg, 1844: 29; combination by Bouček, 1965: 18.

Description: Female. Body length 1.92 mm. Fore wing length 1.34 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black with golden luster. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous, pedicel, anelli brown to black; fu1-fu6 and clava brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish brown to black; trochanters testaceous; femora brown except tips; tibiae and knee light yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Petiole and gaster metallic brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin produced hallow at sides of mouth corner with shallowly straightly rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 26, width: 60, height: 50; POL: 14; OOL: 10; eye height: 27, length: 20; IOD: 42; eye length dorsally: 19; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 15; mouth width: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 23; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 58; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 5; clava length: 15, width: 6. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated with pubescence; pronotum smooth and shiny; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus small, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, with shallowly imbricated trace; lower mesepimeron with shallowly imbricated. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow, posterior part with shallowly imbricated trace; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only half

102 PTEROMALIDAE: Panstenon

of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Margin of transepimeral sulcus indistinct, near transepimeral sulcus with deep puncture. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci visible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum small, reaching half of marginal vein; generally disc mostly bare, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; stigma swollen. Marginal vein expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 77, width: 50, height: 46; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 27, width: 30; propodeum length: 19; fore wing length: 120, width: 66; marginal vein: 18; stigmal vein: 20; postmarginal vein: 30; femur: 36; tibia: 38. METASOMA: Petiole visible in dorsal view, longitudinal with weakly transverse rugose; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, longer than 1/3 of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 70, width: 38; gt1 length: 26, width: 37; petiole length: 3, width: 5. Male. Body length 2.5 mm. Metasoma shoter than mesosoma; funicular segments white long pubescence.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ., 5-26.ix.2014, HY Han; 1♀, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 13-14.v.2015, JW Lee; 1♂, Korea, Seoul, 25.v.1970, JC Paik. Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, India, Japan, Ka- zakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG, GN, GW, JN, Seoul.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Paik, 1994; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Panstenon Walker, 1846

Panstenon Walker, 1846 Panstenon Walker, 1846: 29. TS: Miscogaster oxylus Walker, by monotypy. Caudonia Walker, 1850: 125, 126. TS: Caudonia agylla Walker, by monotypy; synonymy by Kerrich and Graham, 1957: 276.

103 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Diagnosis: Antennae inserted distinctly above middle of face. Antennae, legs and wings very slender, fore wing atleast 2.8 times as long as broad, entirely pilosed. Propodeum subhorizontal, reticulate and coarse rugae. Petiole transverse to quadrate (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

42. Panstenon oxylus (Walker, 1839) (Pl. 35)

Pteromalus assimilis Nees, 1834: 116, 117. Type lost; synonymy by Thomson, 1878: 176. Pteromalus omissus Walker, 1841: 30. Holotype: female; TL: Germany; TD: NHMV; synonymy by Reinhard, 1858: 17. Miscogaster oxylus Walker, 1839: 196. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 94; TL: United Kingdom; TD: NH; combination by Walker, 1846: 29. Panstenon pidius Walker, 1850: 132. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham 1969: 94; TL: United Kingdom

(estimate); TD: Haliday̓s collection (estimate NMID); synonymy by Graham, 1969: 94.

Description: Male. Body length 2.01 mm. Fore wing length 1.8 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic green with golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Man- dible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous, pedicel, anelli brown to black; fu1-fu6 and clava brown to black. Mesosoma dark metallic green with golden luster; lateral part of pronotum dark metallic green with blue luster; lateral part of mesosoma dark metallic green with golden luster and metanotum dark metallic green with golden luster dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish brown to black; trochanters testaceous; pro femur yellowish brown, meso femur testaceous, dorsal parts of meta femur brown, ventral parts testaceous; tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Petiole and gaster metallic bluish to black. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes not depressed, shallow, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes, distinctly above middle of face. Clypeal margin less emarginate hallow at sides of mouth corner without straight rugoses, smooth and shiny, not reaching toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape excessively exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli small; fu1 as long as pedicel; funicular segments nearly oblong; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 18, width: 33, height: 28; POL: 11; OOL: 3; eye height: 14, length: 12; IOD: 22; eye length dorsally: 12; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 6; mouth width: 15;

104 PTEROMALIDAE: Panstenon

distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 16; pedicel length: 5, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 56; fu1 length: 4, width: 2; fu6 length: 5, width: 2; clava length: 13, width: 2. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum smooth and shiny; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus small, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum not narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal deep furrow, posterior part with shallowly imbricated trace; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 2/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum less convex, nearly flat; with distinct frenal line. Meta- pleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, reticulate and coarse rugae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum less arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles coarse rugae; spiracles oval shape, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long hairs. Fore wing with long fringe, atleast 2.8 times as long as broad; with basal cell and basal fold pilosed; costal cell with hairs; speculum absent; generally disc pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Mar- ginal vein atleast 2.0 times stigmal vein. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 53, width: 24, height: 25; mesoscutum length: 14; scutellum length: 20, width: 11; propodeum length: 14; fore wing length: 120, width: 33; marginal vein: 32; stigmal vein: 9; postmarginal vein: 27; femur: 23; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole visible in dorsal view, longitudinal with some longitudinal plicae; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, longer than 1/3 of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 50, width: 30; gt1 length: 18, width: 27; petiole length: 10, width: 7. Female. Unknowns.

Specimen examined: 1♂, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280 Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 4.v.2015, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Ka- zakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

105 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Genus Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894

Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894 Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894: 335. TS: Paracaratomus cephalotes Ashmead, by monotypy. Stirogenium Dzhanokmen, 1984: 152. TS: Stirogenium asiaticum Dzhanokmen, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Dzhanokmen and Grissell, 2003: 536, 537.

Diagnosis: Head very large; gena posteriorly with strong lamina. Pronotum as broad as mesoscutum; mesosoma high and robust in lateral. Prepectus with vertical carina. Petiole slender and fully as long as the steep propodeum. Gaster high at base, compressed laterally behind (Gibson, Huber and Woolley, 1997).

43. Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead, 1894 (Pl. 36)

Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead, 1894: 336. Holotype: male; TL: United States of America; TD: USNM. Stirogenium asiaticum Dzhanokmen, 1984: 152, 153. Holotype: female; TL: Kazakhstan; TD: ZISP; synonymy by Dzhanokmen and Grissell, 2003: 537.

Description: Male. Body length 4.83 mm. Fore wing length 3.52 mm. COLOR: Head black without any luster. Eye grayish brown, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible brown, teeth brown to black. Scape, pedicel, anelli dark brown to black; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma bluish black without any luster; lateral part of mesosoma black without any luster and metanotum black dorsally; metapleuron bluish black with shallowly light green luster; tegula black; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black with shallowly light green luster; trochanters dark brown; femora dark brown to black except tips; tibiae dark brown to black; knee pale yellow; tarsi yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Petiole dark testaceous; gaster black. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex raticulated with pubescence. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face raticulated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus raticulated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes raticulated. Torulib above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin truncate, not hallow at sides of mouth corner with straight rugoses not reaching toruli. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 24,

106 PTEROMALIDAE: Paracarotomus

width: 52, height: 42; POL: 10; OOL: 8; eye height: 23, length: 14; IOD: 33; eye length dorsally: 14; temple length dorsally: 10; malar space: 13; mouth width: 16; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 18; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 55; fu1 length: 6, width: 4; fu6 length: 5, width: 3; clava length: 11, width: 3. MESOSOMA: Pronotum raticulated with pubescence; mesonotum rugulose, raticulated in lateral view; metanotum shallowly raticulated dorsally; prepectus imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, with imbricated; lower mesepimeron with imbricated. Pronotum transverse and delimited dorsally; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, not sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli distinctly, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum puntated. Propodeum imbricated, not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with shallowly longitudinal median carina and deep plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with small nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles imbricated and rough; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus sparsely covered by long hairs. Fore wing without fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs; speculum absent; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Mar- ginal vein atleast 2.0 times stigmal vein. Femora less swollen; tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 65, width: 44, height: 48; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 20, width: 28; propodeum length: 16; fore wing length: 115, width: 42; marginal vein: 20; stigmal vein: 7; postmarginal vein: 18; femur: 38; tibia: 42. METASOMA: Petiole invisible in dorsal view, hidden convex scutellum, smooth and shiny; gaster compressed, smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 shraight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 70, width: 5; gt1 length: 8, width: 10; petiole length: 3, width: 6. Female. Umknown.

Specimen examined: 1♂, Korea, JN, Gwangyang-si, Jinwol-myeon, Singu-ri, 26.v.2005, JD Yeo. Distribution: Korea, Australia, France, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Uganda, United States of America, Zimbabwe.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Nearctic, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: JN.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2016.

107 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Genus Plutothrix Förster, 1856

Plutothrix Förster, 1856 Plutothrix Förster, 1856: 46. TS: Plutothrix foersteri Mayr, 1856, by subsequent monotypy. Anoglyphis Förster, 1878: 49. TS: Anoglyphis nubilosa Förster, 1856, by original designation and monotypy.

Diagnosis: Tentorial pits indistinct; margin of clypeus with angular median tooth. Prepectus triangular and mostly bare, anteriorly delimited by distinct vertical carina. Fore wing extensively bare in proximal third, speculum reaching to cubital line (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Plutothrix Förster, 1856

1. Fore wing hyaline. Posterior margin of gt1 straight. Body blackish...... P. scrobicula Kamijo - Fore‌ wing with three fascia. Posterior margin of gt1 deeply incised medially. Body dark metallic green, diffuse coppery luster...... P. trifasciata (Thomson)

44. Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo, 2004 (Pl. 37)

Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo, 2004: 306, 307. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 2.97 mm. Fore wing length 2.31 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black, posterior part and vertex metallic black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth testaceous to brown. Scape, pedicel, and anelli testaceous to brown; fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Pro coxa and meta coxa metallic bluish brown to black, meso coxa testaceous; trochanters pale yellow; Pro femur and meta femur testaceous to brown except tips, meso femur testaceous; tibiae and knee light yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin less emarginate deep hallow at sides of mouth corner without

108 PTEROMALIDAE: Plutothrix

shallowly straightly rugoses smooth and shiny. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally with visible narrow micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 14, width: 28, height: 20; POL: 5; OOL: 4; eye height: 14, length: 9; IOD: 18; eye length dorsally: 10; temple length dorsally: 2; malar space: 3; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 8; scape length: 9; pedicel length: 3, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 32; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 4, width: 3; clava length: 5, width: 3. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus with vertical carina, anterior part imbricated, posterior part less imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum shallowly imbricated trace. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Propodeum less projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci short, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; posterior area of spiracles shallowly imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long hairs. Fore wing with short and sparsely fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely haired; costal cell with hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein but reaching to cubital line; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein at least 2.0 times stigmal vein. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 30, width: 21, height: 19; mesoscutum length: 10; scutellum length: 12, width: 13; propodeum length: 5; fore wing length: 74, width: 30; marginal vein: 16; stigmal vein: 8; postmarginal vein: 19; femur: 18; tibia: 17. METASOMA: Gaster sessile; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma little longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 46, width: 17; gt1 length: 9, width: 7. Male. Unknowns.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Socho-myeon, Hakgong-ri, Mt. Chiaksan, 37°22ʹ18ʺN, 128°03ʹ1.84ʺE, 20.vi-19.vii.2013, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Japan, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

109 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

45. Plutothrix trifasciata (Thomson, 1878) (Pl. 38)

Trigonoderus trifasciatus Thomson, 1878: 11. Lectotype: female, designated by Kerrich and Graham, 1957: 293; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; combination by Novitzky, 1955: 31.

Description: Female. Body length 3.95 mm. Fore wing length 2.33 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black, posterior part and vertex metallic black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth testaceous to brown. Scape and pedicel testaceous; anelli brown; fu1- fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic bluish black with golden luster and metanotum metallic bluish black dorsally; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Pro coxa and meta coxa metallic bluish brown to black, meso coxa testaceous to brown; trochanters testaceous; femora testaceous to brown except tips; 2/3 of anterior part of tibiae testaceous to brown, posterior part pale yellow; knee and tarsi light pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic brown to black, gt1-gt3 and hypopygium testaceous; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin less produced and shallowly hallow at sides of mouth corner without shallowly straightly rugoses smooth and shiny. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments nearly square; clava ventrally with visible short narrow micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 21, width: 31, height: 24; POL: 6; OOL: 5; eye height: 16, length: 10; IOD: 20; eye length dorsally: 12; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 4; mouth width: 14; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 9; scape length: 13; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 37; fu1 length: 6, width: 2; fu6 length: 4, width: 3; clava length: 7, width: 3. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated without pubescence; pronotum imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus with vertical carina, smooth and shiny; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum shallowly imbricated trace. Metapleuron shallowly imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Propodeum generally smooth and shiny, less projecting medially beyond bases

110 PTEROMALIDAE: Psilocera

of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina and plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long hairs. Fore wing with three fasciatus and fringe; with basal cell and basal fold sparsely haired; costal cell with hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein but reaching to cubital line; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein not expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein at least 2.0 times stigmal vein. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 30, width: 22, height: 22; mesoscutum length: 11; scutellum length: 11, width: 12; propodeum length: 5; fore wing length: 72, width: 28; marginal vein: 12; stigmal vein: 7; postmarginal vein: 17; femur: 22; tibia: 26. METASOMA: Gaster sessile; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma little longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 55, width: 16; gt1 length: 8, width: 12. Male. Body length 3.8 mm. Funicular segments slender but broader than pedicel in lateral view.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Dalseo-gu, Daegok-dong, Daegu Arboretum, 35°48ʹ3.26ʺN, 128°31ʹ15.3ʺE, 12.ix-4.x.2012, SG Gang; 1♂, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 30.vii-25.x.2013, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Gakbuk-myeon, Namsan-ri, 35°38ʹN, 128°47ʹE, 15.ix-21.x.2013, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GN, Jinju-si, Ibanseong-myeon, Dae- cheon-ri, Gyeongsangnam-do, For. Env. Res. Inst., 35°9ʹ39.7ʺN, 128°17ʹ41.3ʺE, 16.ix-1.x.2013, JH Hwang; 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, 234, Yonsei University, 5-26.ix.2014, HY Han; 1♀, Korea, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Cheongnyangni-dong, 29.viii-05.ix.2005, WL Choi.

Distribution: Korea, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB, GN, GW, Seoul.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2016.

Genus Psilocera Walker, 1833

Psilocera Walker, 1833 Psilocera Walker, 1833: 371. TS: Psilocera obscura Walker, by monotypy; Eupsilocera Westwood, 1839; n. n. for Psilocera Walker, supposedly preoccupied; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 462; Dichalysis Förster, 1856; n. n. for Psilocera Walker, supposedly preoccupied; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 462.

111 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Metopon Walker, 1834: 302. TS: Metopon atrum Walker, by monotypy; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 462. Lophocomodia Ashmead, 1888: 6. TS: Lophocomodia americana Ashmead, by monotypy; synonymy by Heydon and Bouček, 1992: 478. Acanthometopon Ashmead, 1904: 314. TS: Acanthometopon clavicorne Ashmead, by monotypy; synonymy by Sureshan, 2001: 83, 84. Polycystoides Girault, 1913: 459. TS: Polycystoides tennysoni Girault, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 456. Parapolycystus Girault and Dodd, 1915: 339. TS: Parapolycystus pulchricornis Girault, by original designation; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 456.

Diagnosis: Head at least 1.25 times as broad as mesoscutum in dorsal view; margin of clypeus with two distinct teeth; pronotum with pronotal collar; propodeum with costula crossing median carina. Female antenna clavate, clava with large micropilosity area.

Key to the Korean species of Genus Psilocera Walker, 1833

1 Mesoscutum‌ convex in lateral view. Anelli slightly square; all funicular segments longer than broad‌ ...... P. concolor (Thomson) - Mesoscutum‌ flat in lateral view. Anelli transverse; all funicular segments broader than high...... ‌ ...... P. obscura Walker

46. Psilocera concolor (Thomson, 1878) (Pl. 39)

Metopon concolor Thomson, 1878: 168. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 465; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; combination by Dalla Torre, 1898, 156; synonymized with Psilocera obscura by Graham, 1969: 465; Status revived by Graham, 1992: 16.

Description: Female. Body length 3.22 mm. Fore wing length 2.51 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black with weakly golden luster; posterior surface of head bluish black. Eye light gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible light yellowish brown, teeth brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous, fu1 dark reddish brown, fu2-fu6 and clava reddish brown to black. Mesosoma bluish black with weakly golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma bluish black with weakly golden luster and metanotum bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous to brown; wings hyaline. Coxea metallic bluish black; trochanters yellowish brown; femora dark brown except tips; tibiae yellowish brown, anterior part of tibiae yellowish brown, other part pale yellow; knee pale yellow; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic

112 PTEROMALIDAE: Psilocera

bluish black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma with pubescence white; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression extremely strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses, not reaching toruli and with two teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, combined length of anelli as long as fu1; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally with visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 18, width: 45, height: 29; POL: 7; OOL: 8; eye height: 20, length: 13; IOD: 29; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 6; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 14; scape length: 16; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 30; fu1 length: 5, width: 3; fu6 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum and mesonotum dorsally reticulate; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal; prepectus smooth and shiny, faintly imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pro- notum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron reticulate, upper part of metapleuron with deep furrow; dorsellum faintly imbricated. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with deep longitudinal median carina and costura, with deep plicae, plicae not reaching posterior part, only 1/3 of propodeum, postspiracular sulci invisible, with raticurated small nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny, smooth and rough, faintly imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus barely covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs on near marginal vein; speculum large not narrow, not reaching marginal vein, disc sparsely, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 46, width: 35, height: 31; mesoscutum length: 16; scutellum length: 17, width: 20; propodeum length: 15; fore wing length: 79, width: 31; marginal vein: 18; stigmal vein: 7; postmarginal vein: 14; femur: 27; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha, not visible in dorsal view, not transverse, smooth and shiny, faintly imbricated; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 emarginate; gt3 larger than gt2. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 44,

113 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

width: 22; gt1 length: 6, width: 12; petiole length: 4, width: 6. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum M.T.4, 37°45ʹ1.9ʺN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʺE, 16.v-30.iv.2013, IG Kim.

Distribution: Korea, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

47. Psilocera obscura Walker, 1833 (Pl. 40)

Meraporus atrum Walker, 1832: 303. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 465; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1992: 19. Psilocera obscura Walker, 1833: 374. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 465; TL: United King- dom; TD: BMNH; Eupsilocera; combination by Westwood, 1839: 69; Merismus (Eupsiloceros); combination by Blanchard, 1840: 267. Metopon atrum Walker, 1834: 303. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 465; TL: United King- dom; TD: BMNH; Meraporus; combination by Blanchard, 1840: 270; Psilocera atra; combination by Graham, 1969: 465.

Description: Female. Body length 1.89 mm. Fore wing length 1.59 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black without golden luster; posterior surface of head bluish black. Eye light gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible light yellowish brown, teeth brown. Scape, pedicel, anelli and fu1 testaceous, fu2-fu6 and clava reddish brown to black. Mesosoma bluish black without golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma bluish black without golden luster and metanotum bluish black dorsally; tegula testaceous to brown; wings hyaline. Coxea metallic bluish brown to black; trochanters yellowish brown; femora yellowish brown except tips; tibiae testaceous; knee testaceous; tarsi testaceous, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic bluish brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma with pubescence white; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression extremely strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes

114 PTEROMALIDAE: Psilocera

and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses, not reaching toruli and with two teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, combined length of anelli as long as fu1; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally with visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 21, width: 50, height: 35; POL: 10; OOL: 9; eye height: 23, length: 15; IOD: 33; eye length dorsally: 13; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 8; mouth width: 17; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 19; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 47; fu1 length: 5, width: 4; fu6 length: 4, width: 6; clava length: 12, width: 6. MESOSOMA: Pronotum and mesonotum dorsally reticulate; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal; prepectus smooth and shiny, faintly imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pro- notum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 1/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron faintly imbricated, upper part of metapleuron with deep furrow; dorsellum faintly imbricated. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with deep longitudinal median carina and costura, with deep plicae, plicae not reaching posterior part, only 1/3 of propodeum, postspiracular sulci invisible, with raticurated small nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny, smooth and rough, faintly imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus barely covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs on near marginal vein; speculum large not narrow, not reaching marginal vein, disc sparsely, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 50, width: 38, height: 32; mesoscutum length: 14; scutellum length: 20, width: 24; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 95, width: 42; marginal vein: 13; stigmal vein: 11; postmarginal vein: 19; femur: 25; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha, not visible in dorsal view, not transverse, smooth and shiny, faintly imbricated; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 emarginate; combined legth of gt1-gt2 longer than half of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 42, width: 28; gt1 length: 21, width: 28; petiole length: 3, width: 6. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♂, Korea, GB, Ulleung-gun, Ulleung-eup, Seonginbong, 37°30ʹ11.73ʺN, 130°51ʹ 58.15ʺE, 3.vii.1997, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mon-

115 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

tenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Psilonotus Walker, 1834

Psilonotus Walker, 1834 Psilonotus Walker, 1834: 168. TS: Psilonotus adamas Walker, by monotypy. Janvartsovia Nikol̓skaya, 1954: 412. TS: Janvartsovia betulae Nikol̓skaya, by monotypy and original designation; synonymy by Graham, 1958: 120.

Diagnosis: Pronotum with pronotal collar, carinate; scutellum longer than propodeum, scutellar apex rounded. Propodeal spiracle much nearer to metanotal margin than in alternative. Female scape not widened; gaster compressed in lateral, hypopygium reaching near to tip. Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein.

48. Psilonotus adamas Walker, 1834 (Pl. 41)

Psilonotus adamas Walker, 1834: 179. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 627; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; Raphitelus (Psilonotus); combination by Blanchard, 1840: 269. Psilonotus catuli Förster, 1856: 62. Lectotype: female, designated by Rosen, 1958: 237; TL: Germany; TD: NHMV; synonymy by Graham, 1957: 230. Eutelus (Psilonotus) aureolus Thomson, 1878: 82. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1957: 230; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; synonymy by Graham, 1957: 230. Janvartsovia betulae Nikol̓skaya, 1954: 412. Syntypes: female and male; TL: Russia, TD: ZISP; synonymy by Graham, 1958: 120.

Description: Female. Body length 1.75 mm. Fore wing length 1.47 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green with golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible light yellowish brown, teeth brown. Atennae light yellowish brown. Mesosoma metallic green with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma metallic green with golden luster and metanotum metallic green with golden luster dorsally; tegula light yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxea metallic green with golden luster; legs

116 PTEROMALIDAE: Psilonotus

pale, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic green with golden luster, ventral parts metallic yellowish brown to black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma wuthout pubescence white; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli on the same line with lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with less straight rugoses not reaching toruli and with stumpy two teeth. Antenna insert on the same line with lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, third anellus larger than the others, combined length of anelli as long as fu1; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments square form; clava ventrally without visible large micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 11, width: 25, height: 19; POL: 6; OOL: 3; eye height: 12, length: 7; IOD: 15; eye length dorsally: 9; temple length dorsally: 2; malar space: 5; mouth width: 9; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 4; scape length: 10; pedicel length: 3, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 21; fu1 length: 2, width: 2; fu6 length: 2, width: 3; clava length: 6, width: 4. MESOSOMA: dorsally imbricated; pronotum and mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny in dorsal, faintly imbricated; prepectus smooth and shiny, faintly imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse and not narrow in dorsal view; with pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 1/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly flat; with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron faintly imbricated, upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum smooth and shiny. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without visible longitudinal median carina and costura, without plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, without nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny, smooth, faintly imbricated; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus smooth and shiny. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum large not narrow, only reaching one third basal part of marginal vein, disc sparsely, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 33, width: 22, height: 10; mesoscutum length: 10; scutellum length: 12, width: 14; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 72, width: 30; marginal vein: 14; stigmal vein: 9; postmarginal vein: 13; femur: 16; tibia: 20. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny, compressed in lateral; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight; hypopygium reaching near to tip. Relative

117 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

measurements-metasomal length: 46, width: 28; gt1 length: 12, width: 26. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 10♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ., 21.v-26. vi.2014, HY Han.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstanm, Netherlands, Roma- nia, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795

Pteromalus Swederus, 1795 Pteromalus Swederus, 1795: 201. TS: Ichneumon puparum Linnaeus, designated by Westwood, 1839: 71. Colas Curtis, 1827: 166. TS: Colas dispar Curtis, by monotypy; Gnatho Curtis, 1829; n. n. for Colas Curtis; synonymized with Habrocytus by Graham, 1969: 494, 495; synonymy by Bouček and Graham, 1978: 228. Metopachia Westwood, 1839: 71. TS: Colas dispar Curtis, by original designation and monotypy; synonymized with Habrocytus by Graham, 1969: 494. Habrocytus Thomson, 1878: 109. New status for Etroxys by Dalla Torre, 1898: 102; synonymy by Bouček and Graham, 1978: 228. Etroxys (Habrocytus) Thomson, 1878: 109. TS: Pteromalus albipennis Walker, designated by Ashmead, 1904: 316; synonymy by Bouček and Graham, 1978: 228. Heterolaccus Masi, 1937: 371. TS: Heterolaccus mauritanus Masi, by monotypy; new status, subgenus by Bouček, 1961: 93. Gerontidella Szelényi, 1982: 383. TS: Gerontidella graciliventris Szelényi, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 204.

Diagnosis: Prepectus small, mostly smaller than tegula, surface smooth. Propodeum often much shorter than half of scutellum (P. cardui), with distinct plicae. Clypeus with two small teeth (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

118 PTEROMALIDAE: Pteromalus

Key to the Korean species of Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795

1. Propodeum‌ with transverse costura. Head, mesosoma, metasoma and coxae metallic green; scape and pedicel dark yellowish-brown, flagellum dark yellowish-brown; all legs yellow...... P. cardui (Erdös) - Propodeum‌ without transverse costura. Head, mesosoma and coxae metallic bluish green; metasoma bluish black; scape and pedicel bright yellow, flagellum dark brown; all legs yellow, median part of hind femur metallic bluish black...... P. puparum (Linnaeus)

49. Pteromalus cardui (Erdös, 1953) (Pl. 42)

Cecidostiba cardui Erdös, 1953: 230. Lectotype: female, designated by Thuróczy, 1992: 134; TL: Hungary; TD: HNHM; Habrocytus; combination by Graham, 1969: 540.

Description: Female. Body length 2.57 mm. Fore wing length 2.02 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic green with golden luster; posterior surface of head dark metallic blue. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible light yellowish brown, teeth brown. Scape yellowish brown, pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava testaceous; ventral parts of fu1-fu6 fale yellow. Mesosoma dark metallic green with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma dark metallic green with golden luster and metanotum shiny; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxea dark metallic green with golden luster; trochanters yellowish brown; femora dark brown with dark metallic bluish green luster except tips; tibiae yellowish brown, anterior part of tibiae with pale yellow; knee pale yellow; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and with two small teeth emarginate. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second slightly longer than first; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 20, width: 40, height: 32; POL: 11; OOL: 5; eye height: 20, length: 13; IOD: 26; eye length dorsally: 12; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 8; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 14; pedicel length: 5, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 39; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 4, width: 3; clava length: 10, width: 3.

119 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; prepectus, acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, not sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus smaller than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 2/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with shallow frenal line. Metapleuron reticulate, upper part of metapleuron with deep furrow; dorsellum reticulate. Propodeum much shorter than half of scutellum, steeper; not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with shallowly longitudinal median carina, with deep plicae, postspiracular sulci invisible, with raticurated small nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny, smooth and rough; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus barely covered by short hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs, sometimes hairy on near marginal vein; speculum large not narrow, reaching stgmal vein beyond marginal vein, disc sparsely areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Rel- ative measurements-mesosomal length: 53, width: 37, height: 34; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 23, width: 25; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 105, width: 43; marginal vein: 16; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 17; femur: 29; tibia: 35. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha, not visible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 56, width: 38; gt1 length: 16, width: 34. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 2♀, Korea, GG, Goyang-si, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-dong, 29.iv.2000, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, JB, Wanju-gun, Dongsan-myeon, Dae-ri, San 1-2, Daea Arboretum, 35°58ʹ28.24ʺN, 127°18ʹ13.53ʺE, 16-30.vi.2013, JM Park.

Distribution: Korea, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG, JB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

50. Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pl. 43)

Ichneumon puparum Linnaeus, 1758: 567. Lectotype: female; TL: Unknowun; TD: LCLS; Cynips; combi-

120 PTEROMALIDAE: Pteromalus

nation by Fourcroy, 1785: 387; Cynipsichneumon; combination by Christ, 1791: 383; Diplolepis; combination by Fabricius, 1804: 151, 152; Chalcis; combination by Jurine, 1807: 316; combination by Swederus, 1795: 203. Ichneumon antiopae Scopoli, 1763: 567. Type undesignated; synonymized with I. puparum by Schrank, 1781: 374, 375; Cynipsichneumon; combination by Christ, 1791: 392; I. puparum; synonymy by Schrank, 1781: 374, 375. Pteromalus latifrons Walker, 1835: 501. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 489; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus cephalotes Walker, 1836: 481. Lectotype: female; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; designated by Graham, 1969: 489; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus comes Walker, 1836: 492. Lectotype: female; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; designated by Graham, 1969: 489; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus ornytus Walker, 1839: 238. Lectotype: female; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; designated by Graham, 1969: 490; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus brassicae Curtis, 1842: 311. Type undesignated; synonymy by Curtis, 1860: 100. Pteromalus pontiae Curtis, 1842: 311, 312. Type undesignated; synonymy by Curtis, 1860: 100. Pteromalus orinus Walker, 1845: 263. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 490; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus nigricans Walker, 1872: 121. Lectotype: female; TL: Madeira; TD: BMNH; designated by Gra- ham, 1969: 489; Junior primary homonym of P. nigricans Förster, 1841; P. nigritulus Dalla Torre, 1898; n. n. for P. nigricans Walker, nec Förster. Pteromalus brassicae Packard, 1877: 747. Type undesignated; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus pieridis Provancher, 1881: 296. Lectotype: female, designated by Gahan and Rohwer, 1918: 170; TL: Canada; TD: MPQC; synonymy by Peck, 1951: 561. Pteromalus nigritulus Dalla Torre, 1898: 137. Type undesignated; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 489. Pteromalus australicus Girault and Dodd, 1915: 313. Holotype: female; TL: Australia; TD: QMB; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 432.

Description: Female. Body length 2.68 mm. Fore wing length 1.96 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic greenish blue; posterior surface of head dark metallic blue. Eye dark gray, ocelli hyaline brown. Mandible light yellowish brown, teeth brown. Scape yellowish brown, pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava testaceous. Mesosoma dark metallic greenish blue; lateral part of mesosoma dark metallic blue and metanotum shiny; tegula dark brown; wings hyaline. Coxea dark metallic greenish blue; trochanters yellowish brown; femora dark brown with dark metallic bluish luster except tips; tibiae yellowish brown, anterior part of tibiae with pale yellow; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath dark brown.

121 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and with two small teeth emarginate. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 22, width: 55, height: 39; POL: 10; OOL: 10; eye height: 21, length: 15; IOD: 36; eye length dorsally: 13; temple length dorsally: 9; malar space: 10; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 23; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 3, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 50; fu1 length: 7, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 3; clava length: 11, width: 3. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; prepectus, acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, not sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus smaller than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 1/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with shallow frenal line. Metapleuron reticulate, upper part of metapleuron with deep furrow; dorsellum reticulate. Propodeum not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, with plicae, short postspiracular sulci, with distinct, raticurated nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny, smooth and rough; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus barely covered by short hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell hairy on the upper part; speculum large not narrow, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 37, width: 42, height: 40; mesoscutum length: 22; scutellum length: 25, width: 25; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 116, width: 55; marginal vein: 19; stigmal vein: 16; postmarginal vein: 26; femur: 36; tibia: 43. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha, not visible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 65, width: 46; gt1 length: 23, width: 43; petiole length: 2, width: 7. Male. Body length 2.0 mm. Metasoma as long as mesosoma; antenna exceeding median ocellus; funicular segments pubescence; flagellum as broad as pedicel in lateral view.

122 PTEROMALIDAE: Rakosina

Specimen examined: 20♀, Korea, GB, Uljin-gun, Hupo-myeon, Hupo-ri (Polygonia c-aureum pupa); 1♀, Korea, GG, Goyang-si, Deogyang-gu Goyang-dong, 26.x-08.xi.2007, JO Lim; 4♀1♂, Korea, GG, Su- won-si, 26.vii.1989, SD Lee; 1♀, Korea, JN, Yeongam-gun, Yeongam-eup, Mt. Wolchulsan, Temp. Muwisa, 34°46ʹ27.62ʺN, 126°42ʹ37.65ʺE, 16.vi.1999, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Azores, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Madeira, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Africa, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain (Canary Islands), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan.

Region: Worldwide.

Korea: GG, JN, South Pyongan.

Korean record: Herting, 1976; Paik, 1978; Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Han et al., 1996; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Genus Rakosina Bouček, 1956

Rakosina Bouček, 1956 Rakosina Bouček, 1956: 316. TS: Rakosina deplanata Bouček, by original designation. Brokkia Hedqvist, 1977: 154. TS: Brokkia paradoxa Hedqvist, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 204.

Diagnosis: Eyes distinctly pilosed. Antennal scape in female not nearly reaching anterior ocellus. Metasoma strongly depressed dorsally, much broader than high, scutellum flat; also head thin dorsally, minimum 2.0 times as broad as long. Fore wing entirely pilosed, without speculum; marginal vein 3.5 times as long as stigmal vein (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

51. Rakosina deplanata Bouček, 1956

Rakosina deplanata Bouček, 1956: 316. Holotype: female; TL: Czech Republic; TD: Unknown. Brokkia paradoxa Hedqvist, 1977: 154, 155. Holotype: female; TL: Sweden; TD: HC; synonymy by Bouček, 1991: 204.

123 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Description: Female. Body length 1.3 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma, metasoma and coxae black; scape and pedicel bright yellow, flagellum dark yellowish brown; legs yellow, last segment of tarsus brown; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 3.8 times as broad as length. POL as long as OOL. Head in frontal view 1.25 times as broad as high. Eye height 1.36 times eye length. Clypeal margin produce. Antenna insert clypeal margin in frontal view. Anelli strongly transverse, third obviously broader and thicker than second; each funicular segment short and transverse. Pedicel 1.67 times as long as broad, and as long as length of combined fu1-fu2. MESOSOMA: 0.8 times longer than broad. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and propodeum almost at the same level. Scutellum without frenal area. Propodeum as long as scutellum and without median carina. Marginal vein longer than 1.8 times postmarginal vein. METASOMA: Gaster sessile; posterior margin of gt1-gt2 truncate; gt2 longer than gt3. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, JB, Gyehwado, 15.viii.1976, Unknown (EIHU). Distribution: Korea, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: JB, South Phenan.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: Modified of original description.

Genus Rhopalicus Förster, 1856

Rhopalicus Förster, 1856 Rhopalicus Förster, 1856: 66. TS: Cleonymus maculifer Förster, by monotypy.

Diagnosis: Pronotum dorsally rounded, without pronotal collar. Prepectus bare. Marginal vein slender, postmarginal vein longer than marginal vein. Pro femur moderately thickened. Propodeum much shorter than half of scutellum; gaster sessile.

52. Rhopalicus quadratus (Ratzeburg, 1844) (Pl. 44)

Pteromalus neostadiensis Ratzeburg, 1844: 204. Holotype: female, presumed lost; synonymized with Rho-

124 PTEROMALIDAE: Rhopalicus

palicus brevicornis by Kurdjumov, 1913: 10. Pteromalus quadratus Ratzeburg, 1844: 202. Types presumed destroyed; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 10; synonymized with R. brevicornis by Graham, 1969: 414. Rhopalicus brevicornis Thomson, 1878: 43. Holotype: female; TL: Sweden; TD: LUZN; synonymized with R. azureus by Kurdjumov, 1913: 10; synonymy by Bouček and Graham, 1978: 20.

Description: Female. Body length 1.95 mm. Fore wing length 1.36 mm. COLOR: Head and posterior surface of head metallic bluish black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline reddish gray. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape yellowish brown, pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark testaceous. Mesosoma metallic bluish black; scutellum with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula dark brown; wings hyaline. Coxea dark metallic bluish black; trochanters fale yellow; femora dark brown; tibiae yellowish brown, anterior part of tibiae with light yellowish brown; knee yellowish brown; tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Cly- peus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus emarginate. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and large, subquadrate the second slightly longer than first; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments as long as width; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 25, width: 50, height: 38; POL: 13; OOL: 5; eye height: 23, length: 17; IOD: 30; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 11; mouth width: 25; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 45; fu1 length: 5, width: 4; fu5 length: 4, width: 5; clava length: 12, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, lower part of prepectus, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; upper part of prepectus, acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum without diagonal deep furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only 1/3 of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum less convex, nearly flatten; with shallow frenal line. Metapleuron reticulate, upper part of metapleuron with deep furrow; dorsellum narrow, smooth. Propode- um shiny and smooth, less imbricate; much shorter than half of scutellum; not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with distictly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sul-

125 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

ci invisible, without nucha; posterior area of spiracles shiny, smooth; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus barely not covered by short hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs, sometimes hairy on near marginal vein; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Pro femur and meta femur moderately thickened, meso femur slender; tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 60, width: 39, height: 25; mesoscutum length: 24; scutellum length: 20, width: 21; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 118, width: 50; marginal vein: 24; stigmal vein: 17; postmarginal vein: 26; femur: 34; tibia: 42. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 65, width: 28; gt1 length: 15, width: 27. Male. Body length 1.5 mm. Body pubescence; metasoma shorter than mesosoma; antenna exceeding median ocellus; funicular segments pubescence; flagellum slender than pedicel in lateral view.

Specimen examined: 1♀2♂, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Gilsan-ri, Ilwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 24.vii-25.vii.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park.

Distribution: Korea, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hun- gary, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Spaniopus Walker, 1833

Spaniopus Walker, 1833 Spaniopus Walker, 1833: 371. TS: Spaniopus dissimilis Walker, by subsequent monotypy. Isocyrtus (Polycelis) Thomson, 1878: 145. TS: Pteromalus conspersus Walker, by designated of Ashmead, 1904: 386; Polycelis; New status for Isocyrtus by Ashmead, 1895: 52; Junior primary homonym of Polycelis Ehrenberg, 1831; Polyscelis Dalla Torre, 1897; n. n. for Polycelis Thomson, nec Ehrenberg by Dalla Torre, 1897: 87; Junior primary homonym of Polyscelis Girard, 1850; Neopolycelis Hincks, 1944; n. n. for Polyscelis Dalla Torre, nec Girard; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 703.

126 PTEROMALIDAE: Sphegigaster

Diagnosis: Head less transverse, maximum 2.1 times as broad as long; temples at least one-fourth length of eye in dorsal view; male without smooth bands but meso tibia and antennae often distinctive. Propode- um with conspicuous subglobose with strongly reticulate nucha, plicae sinuate before constriction at base of nucha. Fore wing with brownish patches or a cloud (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

53. Spaniopus japonicus Kamijo, 1981 (Pl. 62, B)

Spaniopus japonicus Kamijo, 1981: 5. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 1.5-1.6 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark metallic green; flagellum brown; legs yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 2.1-2.2 times broader than length, 1.25 times broader than mesoscutum. POL 1.2- 1.3 times OOL. Eye height 1.45 times eye length, 2.0 times larger than malar space. Frons 1.3-1.5 times broader than eye height. Distance between antennal toruli and margin of clypeus 0.8 times distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Clypeal margin truncate. Head and mesosoma reticulated. Anelli transverse, second anellus much transverse. Funicular segments longer than broad. MESOSOMA: 1.4-1.5 times longer than broad. Scutellum finely reticulate, about 1.1 times longer than broad, with weak frenal line. Propodeum reticulate with distinct median carina. Fore wing 2.3 times longer than maximum width. Marginal vein 1.2-1.3 times as long as postmarginal vein, postmarginal vein 1.5-1.6 times as long as stigmal vein. METASOMA: Gaster sessile, 1.2 times longer than mesosoma. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: Holotype, 1♀, Tsubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, 14.viii.1976, Kamijo (EIHU). Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG, JN.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: No specimens were available for this study. This study is based on the loan specimen.

Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811

Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811 Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811: 149. TS: Diplolepis pallicornis Spinola, designated by Ashmead, 1904: 330.

127 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Trigonogastra Ashmead, 1904: 330. TS: Trigonogastra aurata Ashmead, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Delucchi, 1958: 56. Paratrigonogastra Girault, 1915: 343. TS: Paratrigonogastra voltairei Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 343. Basilewskyella Risbec, 1957: 194. TS: Basilewskyella elegantula Risbec, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 465.

Diagnosis: Clypeal margin with two sharp teeth. Pronotum with distinct several blunt teeth. Propodeum densely reticulate. Petiole longer than propodeum, dorsally with dense reticulation. Gaster slender (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811

1. In male, antenna inserted much closer to margin of median ocellus in frontal view...... ‌ ...... S. hamugurivora Ishii - In female, antenna inserted closer to margin of clypeus in frontal view...... 2 2. Fu1‌ as long as combined length of pedicel and anelli. Petiole 2.5× as long as width...... ‌ ...... S. anamudiensis Sureshan and Narendran - Fu1 longer than combined length of pedicel and anelli. Petiole 4.0× as long as width...... 3 3. Head‌ in frontal view 1.38× broader than high. Distance between antennal toruli and margin of clypeus 0.78× distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Scape 3.75× as long as pedicel...... ‌ ...... S. brunneicornis (Ferrière) - Head‌ in frontal view 1.42× broader than high. Distance between antennal toruli and margin of clypeus 2.3× distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Scape 4.6× as long as pedicel...... ‌ ...... S. hypocyrta Huang

54. Sphegigaster anamudiensis Sureshan and Narendran, 1997 (Pl. 45)

Sphegigaster anamudiensis Sureshan and Narendran, 1997: 194. Holotype: female; TL: India; TD: ZSIK.

Description: Female. Body length 2.23 mm. Fore wing length 1.96 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic bluish green with golden luster, posterior surface of head dark metallic blue. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline reddish gray. Mandible testaceous, teeth dark brown. Scape and first anellus testaceous, pedicel, second anellus, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma dark metallic bluish green with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum dark metallic bluish green; tegula tes-

128 PTEROMALIDAE: Sphegigaster

taceous; wings hyaline. Coxea dark metallic bluish green with golden luster; trochanters yellowish brown; femora yellowish brown; tibiae light yellowish brown, anterior part of tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic bluish black, mostly black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel, median parts of inner orbits margins slightly sinuous; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus with two sharp teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments longer than width; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 26, width: 60, height: 45; POL: 12; OOL: 10; eye height: 29, length: 19; IOD: 41; eye length dorsally: 19; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 8; mouth width: 22; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 20; scape length: 23; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 60; fu1 length: 6, width: 4; fu6 length: 5, width: 5; clava length: 14, width: 6. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; prepectus smooth and shiny, lower part less imbricate. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view, with distinct several blunt teeth; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal shallow furrow. Prepec- tus larger than tegula; posterior margin of prepectus smooth and shiny, inner area imbricated, moderate. No- tauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum small and narrow. Metapleuron imbricate, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum narrow, less imbricate. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, without plicae; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with distictly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus barely covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum large, reaching marginal vein until half, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 70, width: 50, height: 41; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 28, width: 30; propodeum length: 16; fore wing length: 140, width: 62; marginal vein: 22; stigmal vein: 9; postmarginal vein: 22; femur: 31; tibia: 50. METASOMA: Petiole longer than width, reticulated; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, combined length gt1-gt2

129 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

longer than half of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 86, width: 40; gt1 length: 55, width: 40; petiole length: 26, width: 9. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Chilgok-gun, Dongmyeong-myeon, Hakmyeong-ri, Gasansanseong, 36°02ʹ11.74ʺN, 128°34ʹ18.17ʺE, 22.v-2.vi.2015, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, India.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

55. Sphegigaster brunneicornis (Ferrière, 1930) (Pl. 46)

Trigonogastra brunneicornis Ferrière, 1930: 356. Lectotype: female, designated by Bouček et al., 1979: 458; TL: Sri Lanka; TD: BMNH; combination by Bouček et al., 1979: 458.

Description: Female. Body length 2.65 mm. Fore wing length 1.88 mm. COLOR: Head dark metallic bluish green, posterior surface of head dark metallic blue. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth dark brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma dark metallic bluish green with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum dark metallic bluish green; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxea dark metallic bluish green with golden luster; trochanters yellowish brown; femora yellowish brown; tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Metasoma metallic bluish black, mostly black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel, median parts of inner orbits margins slightly sinuous; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus with two sharp teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments longer than width; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 31, width: 62, height: 44; POL: 13; OOL: 11; eye height: 32, length: 22; IOD: 44; eye length dorsally: 20; temple length dorsally: 7; malar space: 5; mouth width: 22; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 24; scape length:

130 PTEROMALIDAE: Sphegigaster

20; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 55; fu1 length: 8, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 6; clava length: 12, width: 7. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny; prepectus smooth and shiny, lower part less imbricate. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view, with distinct several blunt teeth; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow. Prepectus larger than tegula; posterior margin of prepectus smooth and shiny, inner area reticurated, moderate. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum small and narrow. Metapleuron imbricate, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum narrow, less imbricate. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, without plicae; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with shallowly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus barely covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs, sometimes hairy on near marginal vein; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 70, width: 50, height: 38; mesoscutum length: 22; scutellum length: 26, width: 32; propodeum length: 20; fore wing length: 132, width: 62; marginal vein: 32; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 24; femur: 40; tibia: 46. METASOMA: Petiole longer than width, smooth, lower part less imbricate; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, combined length of gt1-gt2 longer than 2/3 of gaster, gt2 larger than gt1. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 98, width: 37; gt1 length: 25, width: 30; petiole length: 30, width: 8. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Keungolgyegok, 35°38ʹ24ʺN, 128°58ʹ15ʺE, 2.vii-16.viii.2013, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GN, Jinju-si, Ibanseong-myeon, Daecheon-ri, Gyeo- ngsangnam-do For. Env. Res. Inst., 35°9ʹ39.7ʺN, 128°17ʹ41.3ʺE, 30.vii-16.viii.2013, JH Hwang; 1♀, Ko- rea, GW, Wonju-si, Panbu-myeon, Mt. Baegunsan, 37°15ʹ30.5ʺN, 127°58ʹ55.11ʺE, 30.vii-28.viii.2013, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, 37°45ʹ1.9ʺN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʺE, 30.iv-16.v.2013, IG Kim; 1♀, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ., 35°49ʹ30ʺN, 128°45ʹ39ʺE, 19.v-20.v.2015, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GW, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ., 37˚16ʹ54.49ʺN, 127˚53ʹ54.54ʺE, 31.vii-15.viii.2009, HY Han.

Distribution: Korea, Ethiopia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand.

131 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental.

Korea: GB, GG, GN, GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

56. Sphegigaster hamugurivora Ishii, 1953 (Pl. 47)

Sphegigaster hamugurivorus Ishii, 1953: 5. Lectotype: female, designated by Kamijo, 1978: 456; TL: Japan; TD: NIAS.

Description: Female. Body length 1.4 mm. Fore wing length 1.2 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxea metallic bluish black; trochanters, femora and tibiae light yellowish brown; tarsi and knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole bluish black; metasoma bluish black, mostly black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; lower face imbricated. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena with a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with less straightly rugose, smooth, its parts not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus with two sharp teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding over level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments longer than width; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 16, width: 34, height: 25; POL: 9; OOL: 5; eye height: 15, length: 11; IOD: 24; eye length dorsally: 10; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 4; mouth width: 14; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 15; scape length: 14; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 47; fu1 length: 5, width: 2; fu6 length: 4, width: 2; clava length: 8, width: 4. MESOSOMA: dorsally reticulate, nearly imbricated; pronotum nearly imbricated, posterior margin smooth; mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron smooth and shiny, adjacent parts of upper mesepimeron and femoral depression faintly imbricated; prepectus smooth and shiny, lower part less imbricate. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view, with distinct several blunt teeth; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow, upper part of furrow imbricated; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli invisible. In

132 PTEROMALIDAE: Sphegigaster

lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum small and narrow. Metapleuron imbricate, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum narrow, less imbricate. Propodeum uniformly reticulate without plicae; posterior small area of spiracles shiny and smooth; not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without shallowly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus barely covered by long hairs. Fore wing with long fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with some hairs on near marginal vein; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 40, width: 28, height: 24; mesoscutum length: 12; scutellum length: 15, width: 16; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 86, width: 36; marginal vein: 14; stigmal vein: 10; postmarginal vein: 14; femur: 22; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole longer than width, imbricated, upper part with some hairs; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, combined length of gt1-gt2 longer than 2/3 of gaster, gt2 larger than gt1. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 43, width: 22; gt1 length: 12, width: 13; petiole length: 14, width: 4. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Hongcheon-gun, Bukbang-myeon, Seongdong-ri, Prov. Environ- ment Research Park, 15.iv-30.vi.2012, SJ Jang.

Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GG, GW.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

57. Sphegigaster hypocyrta Huang, 1990 (Pl. 48)

Sphegigaster hypocyrta Huang, 1990: 272. Holotype: female; TL: China; TD: IZAS.

Description: Female. Body length 1.99 mm. Fore wing length 1.66 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth dark brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma except propodeum dark metallic bluish green with golden luster; propodeum metallic bluish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black with less golden luster; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline.

133 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Coxea dark metallic bluish black; trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi light yellowish brown; knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole bluish black; metasoma bluish black, mostly black; ovipositor sheath dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus without straightly rugose, smooth, its part not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus with two sharp teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 longer than pedicel; funicular segments longer than width; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 27, width: 56, height: 40; POL: 12; OOL: 10; eye height: 27, length: 17; IOD: 38; eye length dorsally: 16; temple length dorsally: 9; malar space: 6; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 65; fu1 length: 6, width: 3; fu6 length: 6, width: 5; clava length: 14, width: 6. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron smooth and shiny, adjacent parts of upper mesepimeron and femoral depression faintly imbricated. Prepectus larger than tegula; posterior margin thick, smooth and shiny, inner area reticurated, small. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view, with distinct several blunt teeth; without pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow, upper part of furrow imbricated; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum small and narrow. Metapleuron imbricate, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum narrow, less imbricate. Propodeum uniformly reticulate without plicae; posterior small area of spiracles shiny and smooth; not strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without shallowly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus barely covered by long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with hairs on near marginal vein; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 70, width: 45, height: 35; mesoscutum length: 18; scutellum length: 25, width: 26; propodeum length: 25; fore wing length: 140, width: 55; marginal vein: 30; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 25; femur: 36; tibia: 45. METASOMA: Petiole longer than width, imbricated, upper part with some hairs; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 less produced, combined length of gt1-gt2 longer than 2/3 of gaster, gt2 larger than gt1. Relative measurements-metasomal

134 PTEROMALIDAE: Stenomalina

length: 100, width: 44; gt1 length: 99, width: 44; petiole length: 30, width: 8. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GW, Hongcheon-gun, Bukbang-myeon, Seongdong-ri, Prov. Environ- ment Research Park, 15.iv-30.vi.2012, SJ Jang.

Distribution: Korea, China.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GW.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946

Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946 Etroxys (Stenomalus) Thomson, 1878: 88. Subgenus. TS: Etroxys crassicornis Thomson, designated by Ash- mead, 1904: 316. Stenomalus; New status for Etroxys by Dalla Torre, 1898: 99; Junior primary homonym of Stenomalus Gem- minger and Harold, 1872; Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946; n. n. for Stenomalus Thomson, nec Gemminger and Harold.

Diagnosis: Clypeus with narrow median tooth, nearly triphyllous teeth. Pronotal collar distinctly. Margin- al vein slender. Dorsellum short and shiny; small transverse petiole; propodeum rough, posterior margin of propodeum carinated; gaster caving in dorsally (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946

1. Fu1‌ 1.4-1.7× as long as pedicel, 2.2-2.6× as long as broad; flagellum fusiform or clavate, each segments distinctly stout...... S. laticeps (Walker) - Fu1‌ most slightly longer than pedicel and at most 2.0× as long as broad; flagellum slightly clavate not stout...... S. micans (Olivier)

58. Stenomalina laticeps (Walker, 1850) (Pl. 49)

Pteromalus laticeps Walker, 1850: 128. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham and Claridge, 1965: 273; TL: Germany; TD: BMNH; combination by Graham and Claridge, 1965: 273.

135 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Description: Female. Body length 4.2 mm. Fore wing length 2.5 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black with green luster. Eye dark reddish brown, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible testaceous, teeth dark brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli testaceous, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma except propodeum metallic bluish black with green luster; propodeum metallic bluish black with golden luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxea metallic bluish black; trochanters testaceous, anterior part of femora brown to black, posterior part testaceous; tibiae and tarsi light yellowish brown; knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole bluish black; metasoma bluish black, mostly black; ovipositor sheath black. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straightly rugose, not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus with three sharp teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second slightly larger than first; fu1 longer than combined length of pedicel and anelli; funicular segments longer than width; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 19, width: 43, height: 29; POL: 9; OOL: 5; eye height: 21, length: 15; IOD: 24; eye length dorsally: 16; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 7; mouth width: 18; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 14; scape length: 16; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 48; fu1 length: 7, width: 4; fu6 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 10, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum and mesonotum reticulate in dorsal view, metanotum smooth and shiny; acropleuron smooth and shiny; prepectus smooth and shiny, lower part less imbricate. Pronotum transverse and narrow in dorsal view, without blunt teeth, distinctly pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal shallow furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow but distictly reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum large. Upper parts of metapleuron imbricate, posterior reticulated, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum short. Propodeum uniformly reticulate, rough, posterior margin carinated; posterior small area of spiracles shiny and smooth; less strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without shallowly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus without long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 60, width: 32, height: 32; mesoscutum length: 21; scutellum length: 19, width: 20; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 110,

136 PTEROMALIDAE: Stenomalina

width: 45; marginal vein: 26; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 21; femur: 34; tibia: 37. METASOMA: Petiole transverse and small, smooth; metasoma as long as length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight, length of gt1 longer than 1/3 of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 60, width: 30; gt1 length: 21, width: 30; petiole length: 2, width: 9. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 2♀, Korea, CB, Mt. Sobaeksan, Pirobong, 18.viii.1994, WY Choi. Distribution: Korea, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: CB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

59. Stenomalina micans (Olivier, 1813) (Pl. 50)

Pteromalus micans Olivier, 1813: 477. Type undesignated; Stenomalus; combination by Kurdjumov, 1913: 14; combination by Graham and Claridge, 1965: 279. Pteromalus bellus Walker, 1836: 466. Lectotype: female, designatied Graham and Claridge, 1965: 279; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 609.

Description: Female. Body length 2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.5 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish green with golden luster. Eye light reddish gray, ocelli hyaline glitter, pale testaceous. Mandible testaceous, teeth brown. Scape testaceous, pedicel and anelli yellowish brown, fu1- fu6 and clava dark brown to black. Mesosoma except propodeum metallic bluish black with golden luster; propodeum metallic bluish black with golden and green luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula testaceous; wings hyaline. Coxea metallic bluish black; trochanters yellowish brown, femora bluish brown to black; tibiae and tarsi light yellowish brown; knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Petiole bluish black; metasoma bluish black, mostly black, gt1 with blue luster; ovipositor sheath black. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straightly rugose, not reaching toruli, margin of clypeus with three sharp teeth. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of

137 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, second slightly larger than first; fu1 longer than combined length of pedicel and anelli; funicular segments longer than width; ventrally parts of claval segments second and thirds with visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 16, width: 39, height: 28; POL: 9; OOL: 5; eye height: 19, length: 14; IOD: 20; eye length dorsally: 12; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 6; mouth width: 16; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 14; scape length: 14; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 43; fu1 length: 6, width: 3; fu6 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 4. MESOSOMA: Pronotum and mesonotum reticulate in dorsal view, metanotum smooth and shiny; acropleuron smooth and shiny; prepectus raticurated. Pronotum transverse and narrow dorsally, without blunt teeth, distinctly pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, less sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal shallow furrow; prepectus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow but distictly reaching only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum large. Upper part of metapleuron smooth, lower part reticulated, upper part of metapleuron with shallow furrow; dorsellum short. Propodeum uniformly reticulate, rough, posterior margin carinated; posterior small area of spiracles shiny and smooth; less strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with shallowly longitudinal median carina, without plicae, postspiracular sulci deep, without nucha; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci deep. Callus with long hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without hairs; speculum small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Fem- ora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 60, width: 35, height: 30; mesoscutum length: 21; scutellum length: 20, width: 22; propodeum length: 14; fore wing length: 97, width: 41; marginal vein: 21; stigmal vein: 16; postmarginal vein: 17; femur: 24; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole transverse and small, smooth; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 straight, length of gt1 as long as 1/3 of gaster. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 54, width: 34; gt1 length: 20, width: 34; petiole length: 2, width: 8. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, JB, Wanju-gun, Dongsan-myeon, Dae-ri, San 1-2, Daea Arboretum, 35°58ʹ24.24ʺN, 127°18ʹ13.53ʺE, 1-15.vi.2013, JM Park.

Distribution: Korea, Belarus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: JB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

138 PTEROMALIDAE: Synedrus

Genus Synedrus Graham, 1956

Synedrus Graham, 1956 Synedrus Graham, 1956: 97. TS: Synedrus cavigena Graham, by original designation and monotypy.

Diagnosis: Notauli in anterior half of mesoscutum. Female clava with oblique sutures, exceeding nearly to the base with narrow line of dense micropilosity; small conspicuous cerci; straight clypeal margin. Anten- nal formula 11353 (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

60. Synedrus kasparyani Tselikh, 2013 (Pl. 51)

Synedrus kasparyani Tselikh, 2013: 620. Holotype: female; TL: Russia; TD: ZISP.

Description: Female. Body length 2.5 mm. Fore wing length 1.6 mm. COLOR: Head bluish black. Eye light gray and ocelli yellowish brown. Mandible yellowish brown and apical part of teeth dark brown. Scape, pedicel and first anellus brownish yellow, second anellus dark brownish yellow, third anellus, fu1-fu5 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma metallic dark green; petiole dark brown; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic dark green; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Basal part of coxae metallic dark green, apical part of coxae, trochanters and femora brownish yellow; tibiae, knee and tarsi yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath brown. HEAD: in dorsal view constricted elliptically; occiput without transverse fold or occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression strong. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena with a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow but distinct, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, striation of clypeus not exceeding to lower margins of eyes and to malar sulcus and margin of clypeus straight. Both mandibles with four teeth. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second slightly longer than first, combine length of first-second anelli as long as third anellus; funicular segments as long as wide ecxept fu1; clava ventrally with visible micropilosity area, all segments of clava with narrow areas of microsensilla. Relative measurements-head length: 20, width: 56, height: 42; POL: 10; OOL: 10; eye height: 22, length: 19; IOD: 38; eye length dorsally: 16; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 10; mouth width: 16; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19;

139 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

scape length: 20; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 48; fu1 length: 5, width: 4; fu6 length: 5, width: 5; clava length: 12, width: 4. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum with prepectus and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum with distinct pronotal collar, apex sharp, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, with carina, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus large. Notauli shallow reaching only middle of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly convex; with indistinct frenal line. Metapleuron smooth, upper part of metapleuron with deep furrow; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, longitudinal median carina absent, only lateral areas with incomplete transverse carinae, uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, with plicae, weakly postspiracular sulci, with distinct, raticurated nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus barely covered by short hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc densely pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 73, width: 50, height: 39; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 20, width: 25; propodeum length: 14; fore wing length: 125, width: 62; marginal vein: 23; stigmal vein: 20; postmarginal vein: 30; femur: 25; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha so slightly visible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of gt1 slightly produced in dorsal view; middle part of gt3-gt6 with long hairs in a row. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 70, width: 36; gt1 length: 22, width: 29. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Gilsan-ri, Ilwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 7.viii.2015, Tselikh, Ko and Park.

Distribution: Korea, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833

Syntomopus Walker, 1833 Syntomopus Walker, 1833: 371, 372. TS: Syntomopus thoracicus Walker, designated by Westwood, 1839: 69.

140 PTEROMALIDAE: Syntomopus

Merismorella Girault, 1926: 1. TS: Merismorella shakespearei Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 466. Dudichilla Szelényi, 1970: 325, 326. TS: Dudichilla crassicornis Szelényi, by original designation and monotypy; synonymy by Burks, 2012: 37.

Diagnosis: Clypeus with three sharp teeth; notauli obviously complete; pronotum collar bumpy; petiole longer than broad; gaster flat in dorsal view.

Key to the Korean species of Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833

1. Body‌ metallic blue. POL 2.0× OOL. Margin of clypeus straight. All funicular segments slightly longer ‌ than broad. Scape 3.0× as long as pedicel; pedicel as long as fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length. Marginal vein 2.1× as long as stigmal vein; Postmarginal vein 1.7× as long as stigmal vein.‌ Posterior margin of gt1 slightly emarginated; gt1 longer than combined length of gt2-gt3...... ‌ ...... S. incurvus Walker - Body‌ black. POL as long as OOL. Margin of clypeus slightly produce. All funicular segments 1.7× as long as broad. Scape 2.8× as long as pedicel; pedicel as long as fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length. Marginal vein 1.5× as long as stigmal vein; Postmarginal vein as long as marginal vein. Posterior ‌ margin of gt1 slightly emarginated, shorter than gt2...... S. thoracicus Walker

61. Syntomopus incurvus Walker, 1833 (Pl. 52)

Syntomopus incurvus Walker, 1833: 372. Lectotype: female, designated by Graham, 1969: 139; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH. Miscogaster dirce Walker, 1839: 195. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 139; TL: United King- dom; TD: NMID; combination by Walker, 1848: 109; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 139. Lamprotatus phylander Walker, 1848: 111. Holotype: male; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; synonymy by Graham, 1969: 139. Chrysolampus madizae Rondani, 1877: 171. Type undesignated; combination by Delucchi, 1955: 174; synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 257.

Description: Female. Body length 1.95 mm. Fore wing length 1.7 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye and ocelli light reddish gray. Mandible yellowish brown and apical part of teeth dark brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli brownish yellow, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma and petiole metallic bluish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black;

141 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black, trochanters and femora, tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow; knee pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath brown. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically; occiput without transverse fold or occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes indistinct; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Cly- peus with three sharp teeth, middle tooth more longer than the others; with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, striation of clupeus not exceeding to lower margins of eyes and to malar sulcus. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second slightly longer than first; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 25, width: 55, height: 43; POL: 12; OOL: 8; eye height: 27, length: 17; IOD: 36; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 3; mouth width: 24; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 5, width: 5; pedicel plus flagellum: 44; fu1 length: 4, width: 5; fu6 length: 3, width: 6; clava length: 12, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum with prepectus and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum with distinct pronotal collar, apex bumpy, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with weakly diagonal furrow; prepectus large. Notauli shallow, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly flat; with indistinct frenal line; frenum narrow. Metapleuron reticulate, upper part of metapleuron smooth without furrow; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, without transverse carinae, uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, without plicae, deep postspiracular sulci, with distinct, small and smooth nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus with only rarely few hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc sparse hairly, posterior part of marginal vein with more sparsely haired, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein with sparsely haired; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 80, width: 45, height: 30; mesoscutum length: 21; scutellum length: 26, width: 30; propodeum length: 20; fore wing length: 135, width: 55; marginal vein: 28; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 24; femur: 32; tibia: 36. METASOMA: Petiole not hidden from nucha so visible in dorsal view, conspicuous, with longitudinal ribs, raticurate, at side parts of petiole with distinct sutures; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than

142 PTEROMALIDAE: Syntomopus

length of combined head and mesosoma; median posterior margin of gt1 emarginate, length of gt1 as long as half of gaster length. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 62, width: 45; gt1 length: 32, width: 37; petiole length: 18, width: 9. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Gyeongsan-si, Daehak-ro 280, Yeungnam Univ. (M.T.), 35°49ʹ30ʹʹN, 128°45ʹ39ʹʹE, 30.viii-25.x.2013, JW Lee; 1♀, ditto, 8.vi-23.vi.2006, JW Lee. Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, China, Serbia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

62. Syntomopus thoracicus Walker, 1833 (Pl. 53)

Syntomopus thoracicus Walker, 1833: 372. Lectotype: male; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; designated by Graham, 1969: 139.

Description: Female. Body length 1.8 mm. Fore wing length 1.2 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light gray and ocelli reddish brown. Mandible yellowish brown and apical part of teeth dark brown. Scape, pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma and petiole metallic bluish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula yellowish dark brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish black, trochanters and femora bluish dark brown, 2/3 of basal part of tibiae brownish yellow; knee, apical part of tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish brown to black; ovipositor sheath brown. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically; occiput without transverse fold or occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes indistinct; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Cly- peus with three sharp teeth, middle tooth more longer than the others; with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, striation of clupeus not exceeding to lower margins of eyes and to malar sulcus. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second slightly longer than first; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 21, width: 47, height: 31; POL: 12; OOL: 6; eye height: 21, length: 15; IOD: 30; eye

143 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

length dorsally: 14; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 7; mouth width: 23; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 13; scape length: 13; pedicel length: 4, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 40; fu1 length: 3, width: 3; fu6 length: 3, width: 5; clava length: 12, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum with prepectus and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum with distinct pronotal collar, apex bumpy, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with weakly diagonal furrow; prepectus large. Notauli shallow, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum clearly flat; with indistinct frenal line; frenum narrow. Metapleuron reticulate, upper part of metapleuron smooth without furrow; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum strongly projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, without transverse carinae, uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, without plicae, deep postspiracular sulci, with distinct, small and smooth nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus with only rarely few hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc sparsely haired, posterior part of marginal vein more sparsely haired, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein sparsely haired; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 60, width: 38, height: 22; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 20, width: 25; propodeum length: 16; fore wing length: 105, width: 48; marginal vein: 24; stigmal vein: 9; postmarginal vein: 17; femur: 22; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole not hidden from nucha so visible in dorsal view, conspicuous, with longitudinal ribs, raticurate, at side parts of petiole with distinct sutures; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; median posterior margin of gt1 emarginate, length of gt1 as long as half of gaster length. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 60, width: 31; gt1 length: 11, width: 22; petiole length: 17, width: 8. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 2♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arbore- tum, 37°45ʹ1.9ʺN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʹʹE, 30.iv-16.v.2013, IG Kim.

Distribution: Korea, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, China, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2018.

144 PTEROMALIDAE: Trichomalopsis

Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913

Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913 Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913[May]: 251. TS: Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford, by original designation and monotypy. Eupteromalus Kurdjumov, 1913[July]: 12, 13. TS: Pteromalus nidulans Thomson, by original designation; synonymy by Kamijo and Grissell, 1982: 77. Nemicromelus Girault, 1917: 4. TS: Merisus subapterus Riley, by monotypy; Type species transferred to Eupteromalus Kurdjumov by Gahan, 1933: 76. Metadicylus Girault, 1926: 71. TS: Metadicylus australiensis Girault, by monotypy; synonymy by Bouček, 1988: 438.

Diagnosis: Propodeum with subglobose reticulate nucha; median area delimited by sinuate plicae, mostly without median carina. Occiput in middle usually with distinct transverse fold, sometimes weak. Lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow (Bouček and Rasplus, 1991).

Key to the Korean species of Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913

1. POL minimum 1.12× OOL...... 2 - POL minimum 1.5× OOL or POL as long as OOL...... 5 2. Margin of clypeus emarginated or not strigose ...... 3 - Margin of clypeus truncate or strigose ...... 4 3. Head,‌ mesosoma and coxa basally dark metallic green with diffuse coppery lustre; last segment of tarsus yellowish-brown...... T. apanteloctena (Crawford) - Head,‌ mesosoma, metasoma and coxae metallic bluish green; last segment of tarsus brown...... ‌ ...... T. deplanata Kamijo 4. Head,‌ mesosoma, metasoma and coxa basally dark metallic green; scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown, scape brighter than pedicel...... T. shirakii Crawford - Head,‌ mesosoma, metasoma and coxae metallic bluish black; scape, pedicel and flagellum yellowish-brown...... T. pappi Kamijo 5. Margin of clypeus slightly produce. POL as long as OOL. Marginal vein 1.1× as long as stigmal vein.....‌ ...... T. oryzae Kamijo and Grissell - Margin of clypeus slightly emarginated. POL 1.5× OOL. Marginal vein twice as long than stigmal vein.‌ ...... T. closterae Kamijo

145 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

63. Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford, 1911) (Pl. 54)

Trichomalus apanteloctenus Crawford, 1911: 618. Paratopotype: female, designated by Kamijo and Gris- sell, 1982: 80; TL: Japan; TD: USNM; combination by Kamijo and Grissell, 1982: 80. Eupteromalus parnarae Gahan, 1919: 522. Lectotype: female, desinated by Kamijo and Grissell, 1982: 80; TL: India; TD: USNM; synonymy by Kamijo and Grissell, 1982: 80.

Description: Female. Body length 3 mm. Fore wing length 1.5 mm. COLOR: Head except posterior surface of head metallic green; vertex, posterior surface dark metallic green. Eye and ocelli dark grayish purple. Mandible and teeth yellowish brown. Scape, pedicel and anelli yellowish brown, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish green; petiole dark brown; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish green; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxae metallic bluish green, trochanters brownish yellow; femora and tibiae with pale yellow, knee pale yellow, tarsi yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark; gt1-gt5 metallic bluish green; gt6-gt7 brown to metallic brown to dark; ovipositor sheath brown to dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; occiput in middle with distinct transverse fold; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli, striation of clupeus exceeding to lower margins of eyes and to malar sulcus and distinct emarginate. Both mandibles with four teeth. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second slightly longer than first; funicular segments as long as wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 18, width: 38, height: 29; POL: 7; OOL: 6; eye height: 17, length: 11; IOD: 25; eye length dorsally: 11; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 7; mouth width: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 14; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 33; fu1 length: 3, width: 2; fu6 length: 3, width: 3; clava length: 8, width: 3. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron, prepectus and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, without carina, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus small. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum. Scutellum moderately convex, with distinct frenal line. Metapleuron reticulate; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, with plicae, reticulate and distinctly median carina and two small basal depressions, more deeper postspiracular sulci, with distinct, raticurated nucha, posterior margin of nucha

146 PTEROMALIDAE: Trichomalopsis

not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long pilosity. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc densely pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal; costal vein of hind wing without incomplete row of hairs. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 48, width: 30, height: 25; mesoscutum length: 14; scutellum length: 18, width: 20; propodeum length: 18; fore wing length: 97, width: 40; marginal vein: 16; stigmal vein: 11; postmarginal vein: 18; femur: 28; tibia: 31. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha so slightly visible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of tergites straight in dorsal view not incised; comebined length of gt1-gt2 as long as half of gaster length. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 54, width: 32; gt1 length: 17, width: 32. Male. Body length 2.1 mm. Mesosoma circular form, shorter than mesosoma; antenna exceeding median ocellus; funicular segments white long pubescence; flagellum slender but in lateral view as broad as pedicel.

Specimen examined: 1♂, Korea, GG, Siheung-si, 24.vii.1988, SB Ahn; 1♀, Korea, GG, Suwon-si, 5.viii.1994, JY Choi; 1♀, Korea, GG, Osan-shi, 25.vii.1977, JC Paik; 1♀, Korea, JN, Sinan-gun, Is. Bige- umdo, Myeongsasimni Beach, 22.ix.2001, HC Park.

Distribution: Korea, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GG, JB JN, Pyongyan, South Phenan.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Kamijo and Grissell, 1982; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Sureshan and Naren- dran, 2001, 2003; Sureshan, 2003; Paek et al., 2010; Tselikh, 2011; Choi et al., 2012.

64. Trichomalopsis closterae Kamijo, 1983 (Pl. 55)

Trichomalopsis closterae Kamijo, 1983: 306. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 3.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2 mm. COLOR: Head bluish black. Eye bluish black; ocelli dark reddish black. Mandible and teeth dark yellowish brown. Scape, pedicel and first anellus yellowish brown, second anellus, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma bluish black; petiole brownish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxae bluish black, trochanters brownish yellow; femora yel-

147 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

lowish brown, tibiae brownish yellow, knee pale brown, tarsi yellowish brown, claws and arolia dark. gt1- gt7 metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath brown to dark brown. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; occiput in middle with distinct transverse fold; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and less emarginate. Both mandibles with four teeth. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second 2.0 times longer than first; funicular segments as long as wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 27, width: 62, height: 50; POL: 15; OOL: 9; eye height: 30, length: 20; IOD: 42; eye length dorsally: 20; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 12; mouth width: 17; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 17; scape length: 26; pedicel length: 7, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 53; fu1 length: 5, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 4; clava length: 13, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum with prepectus and metanotum dorsally reticulate; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow, without carina, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus small. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum. Scutellum moderately convex, frenal line weak. Meta- pleuron reticulate; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, with plicae, reticulate and distinctly median carina and two small basal depressions, more deeper postspiracular sulci, with distinct, raticurated nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long pilosity. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc densely pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal; costal vein of hind wing without incomplete row of hairs. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 75, width: 50, height: 50; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 25, width: 32; propodeum length: 17; fore wing length: 127, width: 56; marginal vein: 22; stigmal vein: 19; postmarginal vein: 23; femur: 45; tibia: 50. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha so invisible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of tergites straight in dorsal view not incised; comebined length of gt1-gt2 as long as half of gaster length. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 82, width: 54; gt1 length: 25, width: 54.

148 PTEROMALIDAE: Trichomalopsis

Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 3♀, Korea, GG, Suwon-si, 6.vii.1976, KT Park. Distribution: Korea, Japan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GG, JB.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

65. Trichomalopsis deplanata Kamijo and Grissell, 1982 (Pl. 62, C)

Trichomalopsis deplanata Kamijo and Grissell, 1982: 84. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 1.5-2.4 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma, metasoma and coxae metallic bluish green; scape and pedicel yellowish brown, flagellum brown; legs yellow, last segment of tarsus brown; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 1.9-2.0 times broader than length, 1.2 times broader than mesoscutum. POL 1.1- 1.2 times OOL. Head in frontal view 1.3 times broader than high. Eye height 1.4-1.5 times eye length, 0.45 times larger than malar space. Clypeal margin weakly emarginate, lower margins of face on either side of clypeus curved and projecting below level of margin of clypeus. Head and mesosoma reticulated. Antenna exceeding median ocellus in frontal view. Anelli transverse, all funicular segments longer than broad. Scape 4.0 times as long as pedicel; pedicel as long as fu1; funicular segments almost equal in length, wider than longer; ovipositor sheath brown to dark brown. MESOSOMA: 1.45 times longer than broad. Scutellum finely punctate, slightly longer than mesoscutum, with weak frenal line. Propodeum reticulate with nucha, without distinctly median carina. Fore wing 2.3 times longer than maximum width. Marginar vein as long as postmarginal vein, postmarginal vein 1.5-1.65 times as long as stigmal vein. METASOMA: Petiole little longer than width; gaster shorter than mesosoma. Posterior margins of gt1 less emarginate dorsally. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: Holotype, Koriyama, Fukusima, Japan, 1♀, -.-.1977, Saito (EIHU). Distribution: Korea, India, Japan, China, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

149 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Kamijo and Grissell, 1982; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Sureshan and Narendran, 2001, 2003; Paek et al., 2010; Tselikh, 2011; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: No specimens were available for this study. This study is based on the loan specimen.

66. Trichomalopsis oryzae Kamijo and Grissell, 1982 (Pl. 56)

Trichomalopsis oryzae Kamijo and Grissell, 1982: 82. Holotype: female; TL: Hokkaido; TD: EIHU.

Description: Female. Body length 1.8 mm. Fore wing length 1.36 mm. COLOR: Head bluish black. Eye light gray; ocelli light white. Mandible light brownish yellow and teeth light brown. Scape yellowish brown, but usually about apical 1/3, dark yellowish brown to brown; pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma bluish black; petiole brownish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Basal part of coxae bluish brown, posterior part and trochanters brownish yellow; femora and tibiae pale yellow, knee pale yellow, tarsi brownish yellow, claws and arolia dark. Gt1-gt7 metallic bluish black; ovipositor sheath brown to black. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; occiput in middle with distinct transverse fold; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and less emarginate. Mandible with four teeth. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second 2.0 times longer than first; funicular segments as long as wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 25, width: 55, height: 40; POL: 12; OOL: 8; eye height: 31, length: 20; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 20; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 10; mouth width: 22; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 20; scape length: 21; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 48; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 4, width: 4; clava length: 12, width: 4. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; prepectus, acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to distinctly narrow, with sharply margined except at sides, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus small. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum. Scutellum moderately convex, frenal line weak. Metapleuron reticulate; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum uniformly reticulate

150 PTEROMALIDAE: Trichomalopsis

except two its posterior area of spiracles, with plicae, reticulate and distinctly median carina and two small basal depressions, more deeper postspiracular sulci, with distinct, raticurated nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long pilosity. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal; costal vein of hind wing without incomplete row of hairs. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 62, width: 45, height: 35; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 24, width: 32; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 112, width: 48; marginal vein: 18; stigmal vein: 14; postmarginal vein: 18; femur: 30; tibia: 26. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha so invisible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of tergites straight in dorsal view not incised; comebined length of gt1-gt2 as long as 2/3 of gaster length. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 60, width: 44; gt1 length: 27, width: 44; petiole length: 6, width: 7. Male. Body length 1.3 mm. Antenna exceeding median ocellus; flagellum slender but in lateral view broader than pedicel.

Specimen examined: 1♂, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Gakbuk-myeon, Namsan-3ri, 35°41ʹN, 128°35ʹE, 3.vi-13.vii.2007, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Ulsan-si, Nam-gu, Ok-dong, Grand Park, 35°31ʹ50.5ʺN, 129°17ʹ2.8ʺE, 23.vii-18.viii.2013, NS Bang; 2♀, Korea, GG, Suwon-si, 11.vii.1994, JY Choi. Distribution: Korea, China, Japan, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: GB, GG, GN, JD, Pyongyang, South Pyongan.

Korean record: Kamijo and Grissell, 1982; Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Tselikh, 2011; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

67. Trichomalopsis pappi Kamijo, 1983 (Pl. 62, D)

Trichomalopsis pappi Kamijo, 1983: 308. Holotype: female; TL: South Phenan, Korea; TD: HNHM.

Description: Female. Body length 1.9-2.1 mm. COLOR: Head, mesosoma, metasoma and coxae metallic bluish black; scape and pedicel yellowish brown,

151 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

flagellum yellowish brown; legs yellow, last segment of tarsus brown; fore wing hyaline, venation light yellowish brown. HEAD: in dorsal view 2.5 times broader than length, 1.25 times broader than mesoscutum. POL 1.3 times OOL. Head in frontal view 1.3 times broader than high. Malar space 0.37-0.45 times height of eye. Clypeus strigose. Anelli transverse, all funicular segments longer than broad. Scape longer than pedicel; pedicel as long as fu1, 2.0 times as long as broad, funicular segments almost equal in length. MESOSOMA: 1.4 times longer than broad. Scutellum with weak frenal line. Propodeum without median carina. Fore wing 2.4 times longer than maximum width; apex of fore wing with long fringe. Marginal vein 1.4 times as long as stigmal vein, postmarginal vein little longer than stigmal vein. Gaster sessile, as long as mesosoma, 1.4-1.5 times as long as broad. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: Paratype, 1♀, Korea, JB, Gyehwado, 10.vii.1976, unknown (EIHU). Distribution: Korea, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: JB, South Pyongan.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

Remark: No specimens were available for this study. This study is based on the loan specimen.

68. Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford, 1913 (Pl. 57)

Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford, 1913: 252. Holotype: female; TL: Taiwan; TD: USNM.

Description: Male. Body length 1.4 mm. Fore wing length 1.2 mm. COLOR: Head metallic green. Eye light reddish gray; ocelli light yellow. Mandible light brownish yellow and apical margin of teeth light brown. Scape yellowish brown, but usually about apical 1/5, dark yellowish brown to brown; pedicel, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava dark brown. Mesosoma dark bluish green; petiole brownish black; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum dark metallic bluish green; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxae dark metallic bluish brown, posterior part and trochanters brownis; femora and tibiae pale yellow, knee and tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia dark. gt1-gt7 dark metallic bluish green. HEAD: in dorsal view elliptically; occiput in middle with distinct transverse fold; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face reticulate. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost reticulate; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of

152 PTEROMALIDAE: Trichomalopsis

eyes. Clypeus with straight rugoses not reaching toruli and less emarginate. Left mandible with three teeth, right mandible with four teeth. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape over exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second 1.5 times longer than first; funicular segments as long as wide; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 20, width: 39, height: 30; POL: 9; OOL: 5; eye height: 18, length: 15; IOD: 25; eye length dorsally: 15; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 7; mouth width: 14; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 17; pedicel length: 5, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 40; fu1 length: 3, width: 2; fu6 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum dorsally reticulate; prepectus, acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny. Pronotum transverse, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to distinctly narrow, without sharply margined include at sides, slightly sloping; lateral part of pronotum with diagonal deep furrow; prepectus small. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum. Scutellum moderately convex, frenal line weak. Metapleuron reticulate; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two its posterior area of spiracles, with plicae, reticulate and distinctly median carina and two small basal depressions, more deeper postspiracular sulci, with distinct, raticurated nucha, posterior margin of nucha not emarginate; posterior area of spiracles shiny and smooth; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus covered by long pilosity. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell without marginal setae; speculum narrow and small, not reaching marginal vein, disc pilosity, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilosed; stigma less swollen. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal; costal vein of hind wing without incomplete row of hairs. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 52, width: 34, height: 28; mesoscutum length: 13; scutellum length: 18, width: 22; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 95, width: 40; marginal vein: 18; stigmal vein: 17; postmarginal vein: 16; femur: 26; tibia: 30. METASOMA: Petiole hidden from nucha so invisible in dorsal view, transverse, smooth and shiny; gaster smooth and shiny; metasoma shorter than length of combined head and mesosoma; gt1 trapezoid shape; posterior margin of tergites straight in dorsal view not incised; comebined length of gt1-gt2 as long as half of gaster length. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 49, width: 34; gt1 length: 12, width: 34. Female. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♂, Korea, GG, Suwon-si, 17.vi.1994, JY Choi. Distribution: Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental.

Korea: GG.

Korean record: Kamijo, 1982, 1983; Shin and Yoon, 1994; Paek et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012.

153 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Genus Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832

Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832 Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832: 127. TS: Trigonoderus princeps Westwood, by monotypy. Pteromalus (Pterolycus) Ratzeburg, 1848: 208. TS: Pteromalus brandtii Ratzeburg, designated by Gahan and Fagan, 1923: 162.

Diagnosis: Clypeus with one median tooth; notauli deep and complete; fore wing and basal cell with extensive pilosity, speculum small or usually absent, then speculum not reaching below to cubital line. Prepec- tus mostly pilosed, reticulate with vertical carina; gaster sessile. Male antennae virtually bare and long.

Key to the Korean species of Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832

1. Flagellum‌ slightly thickening distal. Fu6 1.4× as long as wide. All femora and tibiae blackish. Head dark metallic green...... T. fraxini Yang - Flagellum‌ distinctly thickening distal. Fu6 1.1-1.2× as long as wide. All femora and tibiae yellowish-brown. Head black...... T. nigrocephalus Kamijo

69. Trigonoderus fraxini Yang, 1996 (Pl. 58)

Trigonoderus fraxini Yang, 1996: 115-117. Holotype: female; TL: China; TD: NWCF.

Description: Female. Body length 4.8 mm. Fore wing length 4.4 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black. Eye light reddish gray and ocelli pale yellow. Mandible yellowish brown and apical part of teeth dark brown to black. Scape and pedicel brown, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava deep dark brown. Mesosoma metallic bluish black with metallic green luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula brown to black; wings hyaline. Coxae, femora and tibiae metallic bluish black, trochanters, tarsi 1-2 and knee pale yellow, tarsi 1-2, claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish black, gt1 with metallic green luster; ovipositor sheath black. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically with long white pilosity; occiput without transverse fold or occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; upper face confuse reticulate with straightly rugose, above epistomal sulcus half of supraclypeal area. Malar depression weak. Gena smooth; without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with median

154 PTEROMALIDAE: Trigonoderus

sharp tooth; with weakly rugose not reaching toruli, striation of clupeus not exceeding to lower margins of eyes and to malar sulcus. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second as long as first anellus; first and second clava segments ventrally with visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 23, width: 51, height: 34; POL: 9; OOL: 8; eye height: 24, length: 18; IOD: 31; eye length dorsally: 16; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 9; mouth width: 28; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 12; scape length: 15; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 70; fu1 length: 12, width: 4; fu6 length: 6, width: 4; clava length: 12, width: 4. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and mesepisternum reticulate in lateral view, metanotum smooth; acropleuron, upper mesepimeron and femoral depression smooth and shiny. Ventral part of femoral depression with deep furrow. Ventral part of mesepisternum with long white pilosity. Pronotum with incomplete pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow and sloping; lateral part of pronotum with weakly transverse furrow; prepectus large with vertical carina. Notauli deep, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum less convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum reticulate. Metapleuron weakly striation with long white pilosity, posterior part of metapleuron smooth; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum not projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, without transverse carinae, uniformly smooth, without plicae, deep postspiracular sulci, without nucha; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus with long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold pilosity; costal cell with marginal setae; speculum absent, only near basal setal line small glabrous part, disc pilosity; stigma less swollen, surrounded few brown bristled. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen, with long white pilosity. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 63, width: 45, height: 38; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 24, width: 28; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 150, width: 57; marginal vein: 23; stigmal vein: 13; postmarginal vein: 43; femur: 38; tibia: 50. METASOMA: without petiole; gaster smooth and shiny; lateral part of gt1, gt4-gt5 pilosity, gt6 pilosity; metasoma little longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 103, width: 40; gt1 length: 27, width: 34. Male. Funicle 4.2 times longer than width; without visible micropilosity area; lateral part of gastral tergum not pilosity.

Specimen examined: 1♀♂, Korea, CN, Geumsan-gun, Mt. Seodaesan, 24.v.2002, JW Lee; 3♀1♂, Ko- rea, GB, Gyeongju-si, Hyeongok-myeon, Namsa-ri, 2-8.ix.2005, JO Lim; ditto, 15-29.ix.2005, JO Lim; 1♀, Korea, GG, Pocheon-si, Soheur-eup, Jikdong-ri, 51-7, Korea National Arboretum, 37°45ʹ1.9ʺN, 127°08ʹ34.4ʺE, 28.vi-24.vii.2013, IG Kim.

Distribution: Korea, China, Japan, Russia.

155 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: CN, GB, GG.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

70. Trigonoderus nigrocephalus Kamijo, 2000 (Pl. 59)

Trigonoderus nigrocephalus Kamijo, 2000: 174. Holotype: female; TL: Japan; TD: EIHU.

Description: Male. Body length 4.75 mm. Fore wing length 4.2 mm. COLOR: Head metallic bluish black with metallic green luster. Eye light reddish gray and ocelli white. Mandible brown and apical part of teeth dark brown to black. Scape yellow, pedicel brown, anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava deep dark brown; micropilosity area light brown. Mesosoma except propodeum metallic bluish black with metallic green luster; propodeum metallic bluish black with metallic blue luster; lateral part of mesosoma and metanotum metallic bluish black; tegula yellowish brown; wings hyaline. Coxae with metallic blue luster; femora yellowish brown; trochanters, tibiae, tarsus and knee pale yellow; claws and arolia dark. Gaster metallic bluish black, gt1 with metallic blue luster; ovipositor sheath black. HEAD: in dorsal view less constricted elliptically with white pubescence; occiput without transverse fold or occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex reticulate. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; upper face confuse reticulate with straightly rugose, above epistomal sulcus half of supraclypeal area. Malar depression weak. Gena smooth; without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes distinctly depressed, barely visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes reticulate. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeus with median sharp tooth; with weakly rugose not reaching toruli, striation of clupeus not exceeding to lower margins of eyes and to malar sulcus. Antenna inserted distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small, the second as long as first anellus; first and second clava segments ventrally with visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 19, width: 43, height: 29; POL: 7; OOL: 7; eye height: 20, length: 14; IOD: 27; eye length dorsally: 15; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 5; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 11; scape length: 14; pedicel length: 4, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 54; fu1 length: 8, width: 3; fu6 length: 5, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 5. MESOSOMA: Pronotum, mesonotum and mesepisternum reticulate in lateral view, metanotum smooth; acropleuron, upper mesepimeron and femoral depression smooth and shiny. Ventral part of femoral depression with deep furrow. Ventral part of mesepisternum without long white pilosity. Pronotum with incomplete pronotal collar, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrow and sloping; lateral part of pronotum

156 PTEROMALIDAE: Vrestovia

with weakly transverse furrow; prepectus large with vertical carina. Notauli deep, reaching mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum less convex; with distinct frenal line; frenum reticulate. Metapleuron weakly striation without long white pilosity, smooth; dorsellum uniformly shiny and smooth. Propodeum not projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, with longitudinal median carina, without transverse carinae, uniformly smooth, without plicae, deep postspiracular sulci, without nucha; spiracles circle form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus with long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; with basal cell and basal fold pilosity; costal cell with marginal setae; speculum absent, disc pilosity; stigma less swollen, surrounded few brown bristled. Marginal vein slender, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Femora and tibiae slender, not swollen, with long white pilosity. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 47, width: 33, height: 27; mesoscutum length: 15; scutellum length: 18, width: 22; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 121, width: 47; marginal vein: 21; stigmal vein: 10; postmarginal vein: 36; femur: 30; tibia: 40. METASOMA: without petiole; gaster smooth and shiny; lateral part of gt1, gt4-gt5 pilosity, gt6 pilosity; metasoma little longer than length of combined head and mesosoma; posterior margin of gt1 emarginate. Relative measurements-metasomal length: 70, width: 27; gt1 length: 15, width: 22. Male. Funicle 2.2 times longer than width; without visible micropilosity area; lateral part of gastral tergum not pilosity.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, CB, Danyang-gun, Danyang-eup, Cheondong-ri, Cheondong valley, Mt. Sobaeksan, 36°57ʹN, 128°26ʹE, 10-18.x.2007, JW Lee; 1♀, Korea, GB, Mt. Pohyonsan, 29.v.1998, Y Kwon; 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Simsingyegok, 35°37ʹ44ʺN, 128°59ʹ01ʺE, 28.vi.2012, BA Park; 1♀, Korea, GB, Bonghwa-gun, Jaesan-myeon, Galsan-ri, Irwolsan-gil, 36°49ʹ21.7ʺN, 129°05ʹ05.3ʺE, 24.vii-7.viii.2015, Tselikh; 2♂, ditto, GH Ko; 1♀, Korea, GG, Yangpyeong-gun, Yong- mun-myeon, Yeonsu-ri, Mt. Yongmunsan, 37°31ʹ48.9ʺN, 127°34ʹ23.8ʺE , 5-18.ix.2009, JO Lim.

Distribution: Korea, Japan, Russia.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic.

Korea: CB, GB, GG.

Korean record: Tselikh et al., 2017.

Genus Vrestovia Bouček, 1961

Vrestovia Bouček, 1961 Vrestovia Bouček, 1961: 76. TS: Vrestovia clypealis Bouček, by original designation and monotypy.

157 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

71. Vrestovia fidenas (Walker, 1848) (Pl. 60)

Gastrancistrus fidenas Walker, 1848: 157. Lectotype: male, designated by Graham, 1969: 828; TL: United Kingdom; TD: BMNH; combination by Bouček, 1965: 548. Vrestovia clypealis Bouček, 1961: 80. Holotype: female; TL: Czech Republic; TD: NMP; synonymy by Bouček, 1965: 548.

Description: Male. Body length 1.6 mm. Fore wing length 1.7 mm. COLOR: Head black without luster. Eye gray, ocelli hyaline glitter. Mandible and teeth testaceous. Scape and pedicel testaceous; anelli, fu1-fu6 and clava brown to dark brown. Mesosoma black without luster; tegula brown; wings hyaline. Coxae dark brown; trochanters yellowish brown, femora brown to dark brown except tips; tibiae yellowish brown; knee yellowish brown; tarsi yellowish brown; claws and arolia dark. Gaster black without luster. HEAD: without hairs; in dorsal view constricted elliptically, wider than mesosoma; without occipital carina; without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus; vertex imbricated. Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous; inner orbits parallel; lower face imbricated. Malar depression weak. Gena and areas of between gena and torulus almost imbricated; gena without a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallowly depressed, visible in dorsal view of head; areas of between scrobes and eyes imbricated. Toruli above lower margins of eyes. Clypeal margin emarginate with straightly rugose, imbricated; anterior tentorial pit not protuberant. Antenna insert distinctly above lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding level of anterior ocellus; anelli transverse and small; fu1 shorter than pedicel; funicular segments oblong; clava ventrally without visible micropilosity area. Relative measurements-head length: 22, width: 43, height: 35; POL: 12; OOL: 5; eye height: 20, length: 16; IOD: 29; eye length dorsally: 15; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 8; mouth width: 12; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 9; scape length: 21; pedicel length: 5, width: 2; pedicel plus flagellum: 39; fu1 length: 4, width: 3; fu6 length: 3, width: 4; clava length: 10, width: 5. MESOSOMA: without hairs; dorsally imbricated; pronotum narrow in dorsal view, imbricated; mesonotum imbricated in lateral view; metanotum smooth and shiny dorsally; prepectus without vertical carina, imbricated; acropleuron and upper mesepimeron smooth and shiny, less imbricated; upper mesepimeron less protuberant; lower mesepimeron imbricated. Lateral part of pronotum without diagonal furrow; prepec-

158 PTEROMALIDAE: Vrestovia

tus larger than tegula. Notauli shallow, not reaching mesoscutum, only half of mesoscutum. In lateral view scutellum convex; with shallow frenal line; frenum imbricated. Metapleuron imbricated, shiny; upper part of metapleuron with furrow; dorsellum narrow smooth and shiny. Propodeum imbricated, not projecting medially beyond bases of meta coxa, without longitudinal median carina and plicae, without nucha, posterior margin of propodeum not arcuately excised; spiracles oval form, spiracular sulci absent. Callus not covered by long white hairs. Fore wing with fringe; without basal cell and basal fold sparsely haired; speculum small and narrow; generally disc mostly pilosed, areas of between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilosed; stigma swollen. Marginal vein expanding distad, submarginal vein, postmarginal vein and stigmal vein normal. Marginal vein as long as stigmal vein. Relative measurements-mesosomal length: 53, width: 38, height: 28; mesoscutum length: 15; scutellum length: 20, width: 22; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 92, width: 42; marginal vein: 12; stigmal vein: 10; postmarginal vein: 16; femur: 23; tibia: 26. METASOMA: Destroyed. Male. Unknown.

Specimen examined: 1♀, Korea, GB, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, Mt. Unmunsan, 35°38ʹ19ʺN, 128°57ʹ40ʺE, 5-15.v.2009, JW Lee.

Distribution: Korea, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Moldova, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Unit- ed Kingdom.

Region: Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic.

Korea: GB.

Korean record: Ko et al., 2016.

159 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

LITERATURES CITED

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Great Britain and Ireland, 4: 166 London [Cynipsidae]. Dahlbom AG (1857) Svenska Små-Ichneumonernas familjer och slägten. Öfversigt AF Kongl. Vetenskaps- Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14: 295. Dalman JW (1820) Försök till Uppställning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseen de på de i Sverige funne Arter. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 41(1): 123-182. Delucchi V (1955) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pteromaliden Hym., Chalcidoidea. I. Zeitschrift für Ange- wandte Entomologie, 382 pp. 121-156, 1 Fig., 5 figs. Delucchi V (1958) Pteromalus pini Hartig 1838: specie tipo di Beierina gen. nov. Hym., Chalcidoidea. Ento- mophaga, 33 pp. 271-274, 2 figs. Dodd AP (1917) Records and descriptions of Australian Chalcidoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 41 pp. 344-368. Dzhanokmen KA (1979) Pteromalid roda Diglochis Förster Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae - paraziti slepney v Armenii i drugich rayonach SSSR. Doklady Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, 68 pp. 247-252. Dzhanokmen KA (1984) A new genus of the family Pteromalidae Hymenoptera from the Asian part of the USSR. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 641: 152. Dzhanokmen KA (1986) New genera and species of pteromalids Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae from the Sovi- et Far East. Pereponchatokriliye Vostochnoy Sibiri i Dalinego Vostoka xx: 51-53 Eds: Ler, P.A.; Beloko- bylskii, A.S.; Storozheva, N.A. Erdös J (1953) Pteromalidae hungaricae novae. Acta Biologica. Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 41-2: 241. Erdös J (1970) Novae species Hungariae Merisinarum Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae. Acta Zoo- logica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 16: 99-100. Fabricius JC (1804) Systema Piezatorum 2 pp. xiv+30+440 pp A.C. Reichard, Brunsvigae New combination for Ichneumon puparum Linnaeus. Ferrière C (1930) Notes on Asiatic Chalcidoidea. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 21(3): 356. Ferrière C, Faure JC (1925) Contribution à lʹétude des chalcidiens parasites de l̓Apanteles glomeratus L. Annales du Service des Epiphyties, 11: 229. Förster A (1841) Beiträge zur monographie der Pteromalinen Nees 1 Heft: 11 Aachen. Förster A (1841) Beiträge zur monographie der Pteromalinen Nees 1 Heft: 30 Aachen. Förster A (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. 2. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii, pp. 152 pp, Aachen. Förster A (1878) Kleine monographien parasitischer Hymenopteren. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, BonN35: 54. Gahan AB (1913) A new genus and one new species of Chalcidoidea. Canadian Entomologist, 456: 178-183. Gahan AB (1919) Report on a small collection of Indian parasitic Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 56: 522. Ghesquière J (1946) Contribution à lʹétude de microhyménoptères du Congo Belge. X. Nouvelles dénomi-

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nations pour quelques genres de Chalcidoidea et Mymaroidea. XI. Encore les gn. Chalcis, Smiera, et Brachymeria Hym. Chalcidoidea. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 39: 370. Gibson GAP (1997) Morphology and terminology. Pp. 16-44. In: Gibson GAP, Huber JT, Woolley JB (eds). Annotated keys to the genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa. Girault AA (1913) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VI. The family Pteromalidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 2: 306. Girault AA (1915) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VIII. The family Miscogasteridae with descriptions of new genera and species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 4: 196. Girault AA (1916a) New miscellaneous chalcidoid Hymenoptera with notes on described species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 9(3): 291-308. Girault AA (1916b) The North American Species of Dibrachys (in the North American Sense - Coelopist- hoidea Gahan) with a note on Uriella Ashmead. The Canadian Entomologist, 48: 408-409. Girault AA (1917) The North American species of Habrocytus. Canadian Entomologist, 49 pp. 178-182. Girault AA (1924) Notes and descriptions of Australian chalcid flies. II. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 12: 174. Girault AA (1926) Notes and descriptions of Australian chalcid-flies Hymenoptera. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 14: 71. Girault AA (1929) Notes on, and descriptions of, chalcid wasps in South Australian Museum. Concluding paper. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 53: 320. Girault AA, Dodd AP (1915) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VI. Mem. Que. Mus., 3: 334. Girault AA, Sanders GE (1910) The chalcidoid parasites of the common house or typhoid fly Musca domestica Linn. and its allies. iii. Description of a new North American genus and species of the family Pteromal- idae from Illinois, parasitic on Musca domestica Linn., with biological notes. Psyche, Cambridge, 17: 146. Graham MWR de V (1956) A revision of the Walker types of Pteromalidae Hym., Chalcidoidea. Part 2 including descriptions of new genera and species. Entomologistʹs Monthly Magazine, 92 pp. 246-263, 6 figs. Graham MWR de V (1957) A revision of the Walker types of Pteromalidae Hym., Chalcioidea. Part 3 including descriptions of new species. Entomologistʹs Monthly Magazine, 93 pp. 217-236, 18 figs. Graham MWR de V. (1969) The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Bulle- tin of the British Museum Natural History Entomology Supplement, 16 pp. 908 pp, 686 figs. Hannes Baur, Yvonne Kranz-Baltensperger, Astrid Cruaud, et al. (2014) Morphometric analysis and taxonomic revision of Anisopteromalus Ruschka (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) - an integrative approach. Systematic Entomology, 39: 691-709. Hartig T (1838) Uber den Raupenfrass im Koniglichen Charlottenburger Forste unfern Berlin, wahrend des Sommers 1837. Jahresberichte über die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und Forstlichen Naturkundede im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete und Cameralisten, 12: 250 Albert Förstner, Berlin. Hedqvist KJ (1968) Notes on the Trigonoderus-group (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 89:

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163 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 75: 295-311. Kamijo K (2000) Japanese species of Trigonoderus (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) with descriptions of three new species. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 6: 173-181. Kamijo K (2004) Five new species of Plutothrix (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from Japan. Perspectives on biosystematics and biodiversity, pp. 295-308. Kamijo K, Grissell EE (1982) Species of Trichomalopsis Crawford Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae from rice paddy, with descriptions of two new species. Kontyû, 501 pp. 76-87. Kamijo K, Takada H (1973) Studies on aphid hyperparasites of Japan, II. Aphid hyperparasites of the Ptero- malidae occurring in Japan Hymenoptera. Insecta Matsumurana new series, 2 pp. 39-76. Kurdjumov NV (1913) Notes on Pteromalidae Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 131 pp. 1-24, 2 figs. Leiboff O (1948) Aparición de un parásito poco frecuente del pulgón verde de los cereales en la Pampa Cen- tral. Revista Argentina de Agronomia, 15(4): 256. Linnaeus C (1758) Systema naturae 10th Edition 1: 567 Stockholm. Mani MS (1939) Descriptions of new and new records of some known chalcidoid and other hymenopterous parasites from India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 1: 81. Mani MS, Dubey OP, Kaul BK, Saraswat GG (1974) Descriptions of some new and new records of some known Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera from India. Memoirs of the School of Entomology, St. John̓s Col- lege, Agra No, 3: 98-100. Masi L (1917) Chalcididae of the Seychelles islands. With an appendix by J.J. Kieffer. Novitates Zoologicae, 24: 176. Masi L (1924) Materiali per una fauna dell̓Archipelago Toscano. XIV. Calcididi del Giglio. Quarte serie: Pteromalinae seguito. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. Genova 3, 1050 pp. 213-235, 9 figs. Masi L (1927) H. Sauterʹs Formosa - Ausbeute. Chalcididae (Hym.). (cont.) Konowia, 5(4): 348-349. Masi L (1937) Descrizione di un nuovo genere di Pteromalini Hymen. Chalcididae con note sui generi affini al Catolaccus Thoms. Festschrift für Prof. Dr. Embrik Strand, 3: 371. Mokrzecki A (1934) Die in de Forstschädlingen lebenden Parasiten des I und 2. Grades aus der Gruppe der Chalcidoidea. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 12 pp. 143-144. Nees ab Esenbeck CG (31 Dec 1834) Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus affinium, Monographiae, genera Europaea et species illustrantes, 2: 448 pp, Stuttgart und Tübingen. Nikol̓skaya MN, Kyao NN (1954) Chalcid fauna of the middle course of the river Ural and its economic importance. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Leningrad, 16: 412. Noyes JS (2016) Universal Chalcidoidea Database, Natural History Museum London. Available from: http:// www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalcidoids/index.html (Accessed 1 Feb. 2016). Olivier AG (1813) Première mémoire sur quelques insectes qui attaquent les ceréales. Mémoires de la Société d̓Agriculture du Département de la Seine, 16: 477.

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Szelényi G (1982) Further data to the torymid, pteromalid and eulophid fauna of the Hortobagy National Park, Hungary Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 28: 381. Thomson CG (1878) Hymenoptera Scandinaviae 5. Pteromalus Svederus continuatio, 307 pp, 1 Figure Lund. Tselikh EV (2011) New records of the Chalcid wasps of the Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalci- doidea) from the Russian far East. Entomological Review December, 237: 1-12. Tselikh EV (2012) Review of species of the genus Mokrzeckia Mokrezecki, 1934 Hymenoptera: Pteromali- dae from the Russian fareast. Zoosystematica Rossica, 212 pp. 291-298. Tselikh EV (2013) Chalcid wasps of the family Pteromalidae Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea of the Kuril Islands. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 923: 620-621. Tselikh EV, Ko GH, Lee JW (2017) First record of the tribe Trigonoderini (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from South Korea with descriptions of two new species. Entomological Research, 47: 11-20. Tucker ES (1910) New parasites of the genus Meraporus. Canadian Entomologist, 4210: 341-343. Walker F (30 Sep 1832) Monographia Chalciditum. Entomological Magazine, 1(1): 12-29. Walker F (1833) Monographia Chalciditum. Continued. Entomological Magazine, 15 pp. 455-466. Walker F (31 Jul 1834) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.) Entomological Magazine, 2(3): 286-309. Walker F (31 Oct 1834) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.) Entomological Magazine, 2(4): 340-369. Walker F (1835) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.) Entomological Magazine, 2(5): 481. Walker F (30 Apr 1836) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.) Entomological Magazine, 3(5): 465-496. Walker F (31 Jul 1836) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.) Entomological Magazine, 4(1): 9-26. Walker F (1839) Monographia Chalciditum 1: 238 London. Walker F (1840) Descriptions of British Chalcidites. Annals of Natural History, 421: 32. Walker F (1844) On the species of Chalcidites inhabiting the Arctic Region. Annals and Magazine of Natu- ral History, 14: 331. Walker F (1845) Characters of undescribed species of British Chalcidites. Proceedings of the Linnean Soci- ety of London Zoology, 124: 263. Walker F (1846) List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites pp. vii+100 pp London. Walker F (1848) List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, part 2 pp. i-iv, 99-237 E. Newman, London. Walker F (31 Mar 1849) Notes on Chalcidites, and descriptions of various new species. Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History, (2)3: 204-210. Walker F (28 Feb 1850) Notes on Chalcidites, and descriptions of various new species. Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History, (2)5: 125-133. Walker F (30 Jun 1863) Postscript [to Parasites and Hyperparasites, by E. Newman]. Pteromalus boarmiae, Walker. Tetrastichus decisus, Walker. Zoologist, 21: 8609-8610.

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Walker F (1872) Notes on Chalcididae. Part VII. Notes on Chalcididae pp. 121 E.W. Janson, London. Webster FM (1883) Observations of the angoumois grain moth and its parasites. Report of the Illinois State Entomologist, 12: 144-154. Westwood JO (1832) Descriptions of several new British forms amongst the parasitic hymenopterous insects. Philosophical Magazine, (3)1: 127. Westwood JO (1833) Descriptions of several new British forms amongst the parasitic hymenopterous insects. Philosophical Magazine, (3)2: 443. Westwood JO (1839) Synopsis of the genera of British insects. Order VI. Trichoptera Kirby. Order VII. Hymenoptera Linn. Piezata Fab. Introduction to the modern classification of insects founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation; with observations on the economy and transformations of the different families. 2XIII appendix pp. 49-80 Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. Westwood JO (12 Jan 1848) 5th July 1847. Exhibitions, Memoirs, etc. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 5: xviii. Yang ZQ (1996) Parasitic wasps on bark beetles in China Hymenoptera pp. iv+363 pp Science Press, Bei- jing.

167

도판 PLATES

PLATES

169 109 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 1. Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, E, F, H=0.05 mm; C, D, G=0.1 mm; A=0.2 mm.

170 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 2. Caenacis peroni Kamijo. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B=0.05 mm; F, G=0.1 mm; A, C-E, H=0.2 mm.

171 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 3. Callitula fulvipes Kamijo. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.05 mm; B, C, F, G=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

172 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 4. Conomorium patulum (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.05 mm; B, C, G=0.1 mm; A, D-F=0.2 mm.

173 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

G D

Plate 5. Coruna clavata Walker. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Head in frontal view; G. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F, G=0.05 mm; C, D=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

174 PLATES

A D

B E

C F

Plate 6. Coruna laevis Kamijo and Takada. A. Head in lateral view; B. Mesosoma in lateral view; C. Fore wing in dorsal view; D. Mesosoma in dorsal view; E. Head in frontal view; F. Metasoma in lateral view. Scales: B=0.05 mm; A, D, E=0.1 mm; C, F=0.2 mm.

175 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 7. Cryptoprymna curta Huang. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F=0.05 mm; C-E, G, H=0.1 mm; A=0.2 mm.

176 PLATES

A D

Plate 8. Dibrachys microgastri (Bouché). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Fore wing in dorsal view; D. Mesosoma in dorsal view; E. Head in frontal view; F. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, D-F=0.05 mm; A, C=0.2 mm.

177 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 9. Diconocara petiolata Dzhanokmen. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.1 mm; B, C, E-G=0.2 mm; D=0.5 mm; A=1 mm.

178 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 10. Diglochis sylvicola (Walker). A. Mesosoma in dorsal view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: F=0.05 mm; A, B, G, H=0.1 mm; C-E=0.2 mm.

179 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

Plate 11. Dinotiscus eupterus (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: A, B, D, G=0.05 mm; C, E, F=0.2 mm; H=0.5 mm.

180 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 12. Erdoesina boarmiae Bouček. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm; D=0.5 mm.

181 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 13. Euneura sopolis (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, H=0.05 mm; C, E, G=0.1 mm; A, D=0.2 mm; F=0.5 mm.

182 PLATES

A E

Plate 14. Euneura lachni (Ashmead). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.05 mm; B-D, F, G=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

183 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

Plate 15. Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F-H=0.1 mm; C=0.2 mm; A, D, E=0.5 mm.

184 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 16. Gastracanthus nigrescens Kamijo. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, G=0.1 mm; C-F, H=0.2 mm; A=0.5 mm.

185 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 17. Holcaeus stylatus Graham. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, H=0.05 mm; C, F, G=0.1 mm; D=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

186 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 18. Homoporus febriculosus (Girault). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, G, H=0.05 mm; C, F=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

187 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 19. Homoporus luniger (Nees). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: E=0.05 mm; A, D, F, G=0.1 mm; C, H=0.2 mm; B=0.5 mm.

188 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 20. Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh and Lee. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Me- sosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.05 mm; B, C=0.1 mm; D, F=0.2 mm; A, E, G=0.5 mm.

189 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 21. Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B=0.05 mm; C, F-H=0.1 mm; D=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

190 PLATES

A E

F B G

Plate 22. Janssoniella magna Tselikh and Lee. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, G, H=0.1 mm; C, D, F=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

191 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A D

B E

Plate 23. Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Me- sosoma in lateral view; D. Habitus in dorsal view; E. Antenna in lateral view; F. Mesosoma in dorsal view. Scales: B, C=0.05 mm; D, F=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

192 PLATES

A D

C F

Plate 24. Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo. A. Head in lateral view; B. Mesosoma in lateral view; C. Fore wing in dorsal view; D. Antenna in lateral view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: A=0.05 mm; B, C, E=0.1 mm; F=0.25 mm; D=0.5 mm.

193 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

Plate 25. Mesopolobus amaenus (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, G, H=0.05 mm; D, F=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

194 PLATES

A E

B G

H D

Plate 26. Mesopolobus laticornis (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Mesosoma in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; D, E=0.2 mm; A=0.5 mm.

195 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 27. Mesopolobus teliformis (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F, H=0.05 mm; C, D, G=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

196 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 28. Miscogasteriella sulcate (Kamijo). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.1 mm; B, C, E, G=0.2 mm; A, D, F=0.5 mm.

197 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 29. Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, E-H=0.1 mm; C, D=0.2 mm; A=0.5 mm.

198 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 30. Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, D-H=0.1 mm; A, C=0.2 mm.

199 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 31. Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F=0.05 mm; C-E, G, H=0.1 mm; A=0.2 mm.

200 PLATES

A E

B G

H C

I D

Plate 32. Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view, male; G. Antenna in lateral view, female; H. Head in frontal view; I. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B-D, F-I=0.05 mm; A, E=0.1 mm.

201 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 33. Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, H=0.05 mm; C, D, F, G=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

202 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 34. Pachyneuron solitarium (Hartig). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.05 mm; B, C, E-G=0.1 mm; A, D=0.2 mm.

203 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 35. Panstenon oxylus (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B=0.05 mm; C, G=0.1 mm; D-F, H=0.2 mm; A=0.5 mm.

204 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 36. Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: F, H=0.1 mm; B, C, E, G=0.2 mm; A, D=0.5 mm.

205 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 37. Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; A, D=0.2 mm; E=0.5 mm.

206 PLATES

A E

B G

H D

Plate 38. Plutothrix trifasciata (Thomson). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; D=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

207 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 39. Psilocera concolor (Thomson). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F=0.1 mm; C, D, G, H=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

208 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 40. Psilocera obscura Walker. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: A=0.05 mm; B-D, F, G=0.1 mm; E, H=0.2 mm.

209 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 41. Psilonotus adamas Walker. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F-H=0.05 mm; C, D=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

210 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 42. Pteromalus cardui (Erdös). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

211 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 43. Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: A-H=0.1 mm.

212 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 44. Rhopalicus quadratus (Ratzeburg). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Mesosoma in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, D=0.05 mm; C, F-H=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm.

213 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 45. Sphegigaster anamudiensis Sureshan and Narendran. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: C-G=0.1 mm; A, B, H=0.2 mm.

214 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 46. Sphegigaster brunneicornis (Ferrière). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Me- sosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; D=0.2 mm; A, E=0.5 mm.

215 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 47. Sphegigaster hamugurivora Ishii. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, E, H=0.05 mm; C, F, G=0.1 mm; D=0.2 mm; A=0.5 mm.

216 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 48. Sphegigaster hypocyrta Huang. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, H=0.05 mm; C, D, F, G=0.1 mm; E=0.2 mm; A=0.5 mm.

217 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 49. Stenomalina laticeps (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, C, F-H=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

218 PLATES

A E

B G

H D

Plate 50. Stenomalina micans (Olivier). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: G=0.05 mm; B, F, H=0.1 mm; A, C-E=0.2 mm.

219 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 51. Synedrus kasparyani Tselikh. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in dorsal view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: A-C, F-H=0.1 mm; D, E=0.2 mm.

220 PLATES

A E

H D

Plate 52. Syntomopus incurvus Walker. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F=0.05 mm; C, G, H=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

221 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 53. Syntomopus thoracicus Walker. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F, H=0.05 mm; C, D=0.1 mm; A, E, G=0.2 mm.

222 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 54. Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: C, F, H=0.05 mm; B, D=0.1 mm; A, E=0.2 mm; G=0.5 mm.

223 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 55. Trichomalopsis closterae Kamijo. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: H=0.05 mm; B, C, F, G=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

224 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 56. Trichomalopsis oryzae Kamijo and Grissell. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F-H=0.05 mm; C=0.1 mm; A, D, E=0.2 mm.

225 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

H D

Plate 57. Trichomalopsis shirakii Crawford. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B-H=0.1 mm; A=0.2 mm.

226 PLATES

A E

B G

Plate 58. Trigonoderus fraxini Yang. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Mesosoma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: E=0.05 mm; B, G, H=0.1 mm; C, F=0.2 mm; D=0.5 mm; A=1 mm.

227 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A E

B G

Plate 59. Trigonoderus nigrocephalus Kamijo. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Meso- soma in lateral view; D. Fore wing in dorsal view; E. Habitus in dorsal view; F. Antenna in lateral view; G. Head in frontal view; H. Propodeum in dorsal view. Scales: B, F-H=0.1 mm; C=0.2 mm; A, D=0.5 mm; E=1 mm.

228 PLATES

A D

B F

C G

Plate 60. Vrestovia fidenas (Walker). A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Head in lateral view; C. Fore wing in dorsal view; D. Mesosoma in dorsal view; E. Antenna in lateral view; F. Head in frontal view; G. Propode- um in dorsal view. Scales: B, E-G=0.1 mm; A, C, D=0.2 mm.

229 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

A B

C D

E F

Plate 61. A. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard); B. Chlorocytus koreanus Kamijo; C. Mesopolobus yasumatsui Kamijo; D. Mokrzeckia pini (Hartig); E. Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd and Girault); F. Pachycrepoi- deus vindemiae (Rondani). Scales: B-F=0.5 mm; A=1 mm.

230 PLATES

A B

C D

Plate 62. A. Rakosina deplanata Bouček; B. Spaniopus japonicus Kamijo; C. Trichomalopsis deplanata Ka- mijo and Grissell; D. Trichomalopsis pappi Kamijo. Scales: A, B=0.2 mm; C, D=0.5 mm.

231 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

A Diglochis 43 sylvicola 43 Acroclisoides 19 Dinotiscus 45 sinicus 19 eupterus 45 Anisopteromalus 21 apiovorus 22 calandrae 22 E

Erdoesina 47 C boarmiae 48 Euneura 49 Caenacis 24 sopolis 50 peroni 24 lachni 52 Callitula 26 fulvipes 26 Chlorocytus 28 G koreanus 28 Conomorium 29 Gastracanthus 53 patulum 30 acutus 54 Coruna 31 nigrescens 56 clavata 32 laevis 34 Cryptoprymna 35 H curta 36 Holcaeus 58 stylatus 58 D Homoporus 60 febriculosus 61 Dibrachys 37 luniger 63 microgastri 38 Hymenoptera 14 Diconocara 40 petiolata 41

232 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

J Notoglyptus 93 scutellaris 94 Janssoniella 64 albiclava 65 intermedia 67 P magna 68 Pteromalidae 14 Pteromalinae 14 L Pachycrepoideus 94 vindemiae 95 Lariophagus 70 Pachyneuron 96 distinguendus 70 aphidis 97 obtusus 72 groenlandicum 100 solitarium 102 Panstenon 103 M oxylus 104 Paracarotomus 106 Mesopolobus 74 cephalotes 106 amaenus 76 Plutothrix 108 laticornis 78 scrobicula 108 teliformis 80 trifasciata 110 yasumatsui 82 Psilocera 111 Miscogasteriella 83 concolor 112 sulcata 83 obscura 114 Mokrzeckia 86 Psilonotus 116 lazoensis 86 adamas 116 pini 88 Pteromalus 118 Muscidifurax 89 cardui 119 raptor 89 puparum 120

N R

Nasonia 91 Rakosina 123 vitripennis 91 deplanata 123

233 INSECT FAUNA OF KOREA Pteromalinae

Rhopalicus 124 T quadrates 124 Trichomalopsis 145 apanteloctena 146 S closterae 147 deplanata 149 Spaniopus 126 oryzae 150 japonicas 127 pappi 151 Sphegigaster 127 shirakii 152 anamudiensis 128 Trigonoderus 154 brunneicornis 130 fraxini 154 hamugurivora 132 nigrocephalus 156 hypocyrta 133 Stenomalina 135 laticeps 135 V micans 137 Synedrus 139 Vrestovia 157 kasparyani 139 fidenas 158 Syntomopus 140 incurvus 141 thoracicus 143

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9 788968 114199 ISBN 978-89-6811-419-9 ISBN 978-89-94555-00-3 (set)