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Introduction the Whitworth Has Been Making Art Useful Since 1889
Introduction The Whitworth has been making art useful since 1889. The gallery was originally founded with the wealth of Stockport-born engineer Sir Joseph Whitworth (1803-87). He transformed engineering through the introduction of a standardised system of measurement for machine parts. Whitworth left no formal instructions about how the bulk of his fortune (equivalent to more than £130 million today) should be used after his death. This decision was left to his widow Lady Mary Louisa and his good friends and fellow philanthropists Robert Darbishire and Richard Copley Christie. For the very first time examples of Joseph Whitworth’s world-changing mechanical innovations are on display amongst highlights from the gallery’s diverse collections of textiles, fine art and wallpaper. Whitworth’s commitment to standardisation is used throughout the exhibition as a counterpoint to significant moments of deviation within the gallery’s collection and history. This exhibition explores the establishment of the Whitworth. The founding intention to create a forward-thinking art and design collection is interrogated and its difficult histories exposed. Gender, labour, race and class inequalities are just some of the issues being confronted. This has informed our conversations about the history of the gallery and its collections and we continue to actively engage in this work. Art and Industry William Morris described the exhibits inside the Great Exhibition of 1851 as ‘wonderfully ugly’. For Morris and the art critic John Ruskin, this celebration of global arts highlighted how mass production had led to a separation between English workers and making. Both men were prominent in the Arts and Crafts movement, which aimed to promote hand-making over mass production and advocate the decorative arts. -
Figure 1. Sharpshooter Weapons in the American Civil War (Photo Ex
ASAC_Vol107_02-Carlson_130003.qxd 8/23/13 7:58 PM Page 2 Figure 1. Sharpshooter Weapons in the American Civil War (photo ex. author's collection). 107/2 Reprinted from the American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin 107:2-28 Additional articles available at http://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/resources/articles/ ASAC_Vol107_02-Carlson_130003.qxd 8/23/13 7:58 PM Page 3 Sharpshooter Weapons in the American Civil War By Bob Carlson There is a proud tradition of sharpshooting in the mili- tary history of our nation (Figure 1). From the defeat of General Edward Braddock and the use of flank companies of riflemen in the French and Indian War, to the use of long rifles against Ferguson and the death of General Simon Fraser in the Revolutionary War at Saratoga, to the War of 1812 when British General Robert Ross was shot on the way to take Baltimore in 1814 and when long rifles were instru- mental at New Orleans in January 1815, up to the modern wars with the use of such arms as the Accuracy International AX338 sniper rifle, sharpshooters have been crucial in the outcome of battles and campaigns. I wish to dedicate this discussion to a true American patriot, Chris Kyle, a much decorated Navy Seal sniper whom we lost in February of this year, having earned two silver and four bronze stars in four tours of service to his country. He stated that he killed the enemy to save the lives of his comrades and his only regret was those that he could not save. He also aided his fellow attackers at bay; harassing target officers and artillerymen disabled veterans for whom he worked tirelessly with his from a long-range; instilling psychological fear and feelings Heroes Project after returning home. -
Industrial Biography
Industrial Biography Samuel Smiles Industrial Biography Table of Contents Industrial Biography.................................................................................................................................................1 Samuel Smiles................................................................................................................................................1 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER I. IRON AND CIVILIZATION..................................................................................................2 CHAPTER II. EARLY ENGLISH IRON MANUFACTURE....................................................................16 CHAPTER III. IRON−SMELTING BY PIT−COAL−−DUD DUDLEY...................................................24 CHAPTER IV. ANDREW YARRANTON.................................................................................................33 CHAPTER V. COALBROOKDALE IRON WORKS−−THE DARBYS AND REYNOLDSES..............42 CHAPTER VI. INVENTION OF CAST STEEL−−BENJAMIN HUNTSMAN........................................53 CHAPTER VII. THE INVENTIONS OF HENRY CORT.........................................................................60 CHAPTER VIII. THE SCOTCH IRON MANUFACTURE − Dr. ROEBUCK DAVID MUSHET..........69 CHAPTER IX. INVENTION OF THE HOT BLAST−−JAMES BEAUMONT NEILSON......................76 CHAPTER X. MECHANICAL INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS........................................................82 -
GMPR11 Ashburys
Foreword • Contents Some of this country’s most significant nineteenth • and early twentieth century industrial enterprises Introduction .......................................................2 have disappeared leaving surprisingly little The Historic Setting ...........................................6 surviving evidence. This booklet highlights the 19th Century Industrialisation ..........................8 work undertaken as part of recent archaeological investigations looking at two adjoining areas of John Ashbury: The Early Years ...................... 10 the former Ashbury’s Carriage and Iron Works, Ashbury’s In Openshaw 1847-1928 ................. 12 Openshaw, Manchester. Established in 1847, Excavation Of The Foundry ............................22 Ashbury’s grew to be a major supplier both to Products Of The Ashbury Works .....................36 domestic and global markets of iron, steel, rolling stock and railway components. Apart from the Working At The Plant ......................................42 Ashbury’s railway station little or no visible Further Investigation ......................................44 surface evidence survives today of where the Glossary ...........................................................47 works once stood. The company’s archives also Further Reading ..............................................48 appear not to have survived. Acknowledgements ..........................................49 The fragmentary cartographic, documentary and photographic evidence for the history and development of Ashbury’s -
Portraits from Our Past
M1634 History & Heritage 2016.indd 1 15/07/2016 10:32 Medics, Mechanics and Manchester Charting the history of the University Joseph Jordan’s Pine Street Marsden Street Manchester Mechanics’ School of Anatomy Medical School Medical School Institution (1814) (1824) (1829) (1824) Royal School of Chatham Street Owens Medicine and Surgery Medical School College (1836) (1850) (1851) Victoria University (1880) Victoria University of Manchester Technical School Manchester (1883) (1903) Manchester Municipal College of Technology (1918) Manchester College of Science and Technology (1956) University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (1966) e University of Manchester (2004) M1634 History & Heritage 2016.indd 2 15/07/2016 10:32 Contents Roots of the University 2 The University of Manchester coat of arms 8 Historic buildings of the University 10 Manchester pioneers 24 Nobel laureates 30 About University History and Heritage 34 History and heritage map 36 The city of Manchester helped shape the modern world. For over two centuries, industry, business and science have been central to its development. The University of Manchester, from its origins in workers’ education, medical schools and Owens College, has been a major part of that history. he University was the first and most Original plans for eminent of the civic universities, the Christie Library T furthering the frontiers of knowledge but included a bridge also contributing to the well-being of its region. linking it to the The many Nobel Prize winners in the sciences and John Owens Building. economics who have worked or studied here are complemented by outstanding achievements in the arts, social sciences, medicine, engineering, computing and radio astronomy. -
Joseph Sidebotham: Vicissitudes of a Victorian Collector
Archives of natural history 42.2 (2015): 197–210 Edinburgh University Press DOI: 10.3366/anh.2015.0305 # The Society for the History of Natural History www.euppublishing.com/journal/anh Joseph Sidebotham: vicissitudes of a Victorian collector LAURENCE M. COOK School of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom (email: [email protected]). ABSTRACT: Joseph Sidebotham (1824–1885) was a Manchester cotton baron whose natural history collections are now in the Manchester Museum. In addition to collecting he suggested a method for identifying and classifying Lepidoptera and investigated variation within species as well as species limits. With three close collaborators, he is credited with discovering many species new to Britain in both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. A suspicion of fraud attaches to these claims. The evidence is not clear-cut in the Lepidoptera, but a possible reason is suggested why Sidebotham, as an amateur in the increasingly professional scientific world, might have engaged in deceit. KEY WORDS : Manchester – nineteenth century – collections – British records – entomology – Lepidoptera. INTRODUCTION In the early twentieth century the Manchester Museum received a donation of Lepidoptera and another of Coleoptera assembled by Joseph Sidebotham, a Manchester business man (Logunov 2010, 2012). They are good examples of Victorian private entomological collections. A scan through the drawers raises questions as to how the collector came by the specimens and why some species appear to have been of particular interest. Joseph Sidebotham (Figure 1) was born in 1824, son of the owner and manager of a cotton mill on the river Tame near Hyde, then in Cheshire and now part of Greater Manchester. -
Ardwick Heritage Trail Handy Map
ST K Take a trip back in time and bring Manchester history to life on the IC SW Ardwick Heritage Trail 1 UN ET R RE B ST ER OV 11 Long Trail (Approx 1hr 30mins) Short Trail (Approx 1hr) D 1. Manchester University (Grade II*) incl Manchester Museum (Grade II) 2 The University of Manchester was founded in 1851 by John Owens. In 1904 the University achieved independence and became the T S S 9 ER University of Manchester. The Gothic Waterhouse Quadrangle on Oxford Rd was commissioned in 1869 with designs by Alfred CK Waterhouse, (who also designed Manchester’s Town Hall) yet not completed until 1902. A ET RE ST The Manchester Museum finished by Paul Waterhouse in 1902 was begun in 1898 and has its foundations in the Manchester Natural ON PL Towards Stockport Rd FT YMOUTH GR O A E History Society (founded 1821). Contact 0161 275 2634 R 3 10 V X G O Towards Manchester F R E O G V O N O VE City Centre R T O R 2. The Catholic Church of the Holy Name Jesus - Grade I D S U T G N N N O P I R S W L This church was founded by the Jesuits in 1869 and first opened on 15th October, 1871. The architect, Joseph Aloysius Hansom was also EL P S O O N E C A R IN the inventor of the cab that bears his name. The tower was added in 1928 by Gilbert Scott. The church is still regularly used for services. -
History of Threaded Pipe Connections
Jacques Jumeau English version History of technologies linked to heating. Chapter 1 History of threaded pipe connections Copyright: Jacques Jumeau 1st edition 2010/04/23 Copy is allowed, provided you cite the origin: Ultimheat Museum 1 Update 2019/02/21 History of threaded pipe connections At the beginning of the 19th century, the development of pumps and steam engines posed the problem of a simple, solid, waterproof and pressure-resistant connection of metal pipes. Each manufacturer designed their own system and very soon appeared problems of compatibility and maintenance. In 1841 the English engineer and industrialist, Joseph Whitworth, of Manchester, presented to the Institute of Civil Engineers, a memoir to demonstrate the advantage of applying, for railways, navigation and manufactures, a uniform system screw threads, all over England. He gave a table summarizing the main dimensions which were quickly adopted by several companies and builders. Joseph Whitworth focused on determining the pitch, depth, and shape of screw threads to match their diameter. He endeavored to establish such proportions that, while retaining the necessary power of the nets, they present, at the same time, a great solidity, and may serve both for iron and cast iron. It was based on a 55-degree thread angle with rounded roots and crests of threads to save manufacturing tools. This form of threading, was later declined into a cylindrical female part and a conical male part with a taper angle of 1/16 (6.25%) and was then chosen as the most efficient, because it allowed to perform a Pipe sealing on a step. -
Forging by Hydraulic Pressure.” by RALPRHART TWEDDELL, M
THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. ~~~ ~~ .~__ SESSION 1893-94.-PART 111. SECT.1.-MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS. 20 February, 1894. ALFRED GILES, President, in the Chair. (Paper No. 271 0.) “ Forging by Hydraulic Pressure.” By RALPRHART TWEDDELL, M. Inst. C.E. INthe following remarks on the history and application of the hydraulic press toforging large masses of steeland iron, the Author assumes that the ingots are of suitable quality, and does not propose to refer to the variousprocesses by which such quality is obtained. The hydraulic treatmentof steel in the ingot formed the subject of a Paper read before this Institution by Mr. W. H. Greenwood, M. Inst. C.E., in 1889.l For reasons therein stated, Mr. Greenwood confined his remarks to the effect of “ fluid compression ” on the ingot, and was unable to treat of the subject of this Paper. It may be takenthat the practical employment of thehydraulic forging-press dates from the successful production of steel in the form of large ingots ; and as in its day, N,asmyth‘s steam-hammer superseded machines of less power, SO the former has had to give place to the hydraulic press. Much has been written as to the relative merits of the steam-hammer and the hydraulic press, but while there is room for diiference of opinion in reference to work of ordinary dimensions, there is none when it comes to a question of making the heavy forgings now required for large guns and marineshafting, and the hydraulic pressshows togreater ad- vantage as the work to be dealt with increases in weight and complexity. -
Sir Joseph Whitworth „Whitworth, Vynálezce Meta Řského Vozu a Mnoha Jiných Úžasných Stroj Ů, Je Nikoli Nepodobný Paviánovi; Mluví Nejširší Lankaširštinou
Sir Joseph Whitworth „Whitworth, vynálezce meta řského vozu a mnoha jiných úžasných stroj ů, je nikoli nepodobný paviánovi; mluví nejširší lankaširštinou... ...nicmén ě má talent, jímž m ůže přivést génie k zoufalství, a když s ním člov ěk mluví, má dojem, že hovo ří se skute čně živým mužem.“ Tak je v dobové korespondenci charakterizován britský technik 19. století, jehož zná každý technik pozd ější jako autora prvního standardizovaného závitu. By ť se jedná o po čin vpravd ě p řevratný, má toho Joseph Whitworth (21. 12. 1803 – 22. 1. 1887) za sebou mnohem víc. Whitworth není oce ňován ani tak pro své vynálezy, i když má na kont ě n ěkolik desítek patent ů, jako spíše pro schopnost dovést k dokonalosti stávající principy. Byl perfekcionista, který jen obtížn ě snesl nedokonalost. Jeho nejv ětší odborný p řínos tkví v oblasti obráb ění rovinných ploch, zdokonalení m ěř icích metod, jimiž předb ěhl dobu, a v zmín ěné normalizaci závit ů. J. Whitworth se narodil ve Stockportu v hrabství Cheshire. Jeho otec, u čitel, jej do 12 let u čil sám, poté jej dal zapsat na William Vint´s Academy v Idle poblíž Leedsu. Tato škola získala dobrou pov ěst díky moderním vyu čovacím metodám založeným na praktickém zkoumání jev ů. Po dvou letech byl Joseph dán do u čení ke strýci, majiteli p řádelny v Derbyshire, s vyhlídkou na pozd ější podílnictví. Pravd ěpodobn ě sem můžeme lokalizovat zrození dalšího z apoštol ů strojírenství, protože zde byl mladý muž poprvé doslova fascinován stroji. Brzy je ovládl a již tehdy byl kritický k jejich nízkému stupni p řesnosti. -
1807 Facts18av
Working Papers on The Nature of Evidence: How Well Do ‘Facts’ Travel? No. 18/07 Accurate Measurement and Design Standards: Consistency of Design and the Travel of ‘Facts’ Between Heterogeneous Groups Aashish Velkar © Aashish Velkar Department of Economic History London School of Economics June 2007 “The Nature of Evidence: How Well Do ‘Facts’ Travel?” is funded by The Leverhulme Trust and the ESRC at the Department of Economic History, London School of Economics. For further details about this project and additional copies of this, and other papers in the series, go to: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collection/economichistory/ Series Editor: Dr. Jonathan Adams Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 6727 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 Accurate Measurements and Design Standards: Consistency of Design and the Travel of ‘Facts’ Between Heterogeneous Groups1 Aashish Velkar Abstract Design standards are carriers and creators of facts, enabling facts about product value to travel between groups, and assisting in the creation of product value by establishing a reference or comparison against which product attributes are compared. However, when design standards are not consistent, facts about product value may not travel well, even when designs can be expressed or measured with a high degree of precision. Examining the evidence from British iron and steel industry in the nineteenth century, this paper demonstrates how inconsistent design standards (wire sizes) inhibited the travel of facts about the ‘true value’ of wire products. Consistency in wire sizes depended upon the desirability of certain sizes amongst user and producer groups; often they differed both within and between the relevant groups. -
258 ADDRESS by the PRESIDENT, GENTLEPEN,-The Institution
258 JULY 1537. ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT, E. WINDSOR RICHARDS, EBQ. GENTLEPEN,-The Institution of MechanicaI Engineers, which in 18-17’ commenced in this city its life of usefulness, today revisits its birtliplace to celebrate the Fiftieth year of its existence. Our first duty is to give expression to our high appreciation and grateful acknowledgrncnts of the immense influence for good that has been exercised by Her Most Gracious Majesty, the Queen-Empress, throughout the sixty years of her glorious and beneficent reign, during which our Institution has so greatly prospered. On behalf of the Members the following address has been presented to Her Majesty :- To Her Most Gracious Majesty THEQUEEN. Nay it please Your Majesty, We, the President and Council of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on behalf of ourselves and the Members gencrally of this Institution, humbly approach your Majesty to offer the assurance of our loyal and hearty congratulations upon the attainment of the Sixtieth year of your Majesty’s reign. We are deeply sensible of the wise and beneficent sway which your Majesty has throughout exercised over your Empire, and of the great advances consequently realised in Art and Science, particularly in Nechanical Engineering, to which this Institution, having been established ten years after your Majesty’s accession to the Throne, has now been devoted for half a century. We earnestly pray that your Majesty may still be spared to reign over a faithful and affectionate people. In token whereof the Seal of the Institution has becn here impressed, this 17th day of June 1897. E.