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Dutch Newspapers and the Nuclear Arms Debate

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Dutch Newspapers and the Nuclear Arms Debate Dutch newspapers and the nuclear arms debate The representation of nuclear weapons in Dutch newspapers and its influence on the public opinion Jill Bergenhenegouwen Radboud University Nijmegen Master: Human Geography: Conflicts, Territories and Identities Supervisor: Dr. H.W. Bomert Student number: 1024399 Date: 09-07-2021 Table of contents List of figures .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Research objective ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Societal relevance .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Scientific relevance ............................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Context .......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Nuclear arms ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 History of nuclear arms .................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 The nuclear arms debate ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 The public opinion on nuclear arms .................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Public opinion during the Cold War ............................................................................................. 12 2.2.2 Current public opinion .................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 3: Theoretical background ............................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Framing ............................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 Frame-building ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.2 Frame-setting ................................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Media framing of nuclear arms ........................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Conflict frame .............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.2 Human interest frame ................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Responsibility frame ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Economic consequences frame..................................................................................................... 20 3.2.5 Morality frame .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.3 Perspectives on nuclear arms .............................................................................................................. 21 3.3.1 Episodic and thematic perspectives .............................................................................................. 21 3.3.2 Pro-nuclear, anti-nuclear and neutral perspectives ....................................................................... 23 3.4 Conceptual model ................................................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 4: Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Textual analysis ................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Quantitative content analysis ........................................................................................................ 26 4.1.2 Qualitative framing analysis ......................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Methodological limitations.................................................................................................................. 28 4.3 Dataset ................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.4 Operationalization ............................................................................................................................... 29 4.4.1 Frame matrices ............................................................................................................................. 29 4.4.2 Coding of the perspectives ........................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 5: Results ......................................................................................................................................... 33 1 5.1 Frames ................................................................................................................................................. 33 5.1.1 Conflict frame .............................................................................................................................. 36 5.1.2 Human interest frame ................................................................................................................... 37 5.1.3 Responsibility frame ..................................................................................................................... 39 5.1.4 Morality frame .............................................................................................................................. 40 5.2 Dutch nuclear weapon debate .............................................................................................................. 41 5.2.1 Sustainable investment ................................................................................................................. 42 5.2.2: Responsibility of the Dutch government ..................................................................................... 42 5.3 Perspectives ......................................................................................................................................... 43 5.3.1 Episodic and thematic perspectives .............................................................................................. 43 5.3.2 Pro-nuclear, anti-nuclear and informational ................................................................................. 45 Chapter 6: Conclusion and discussion ........................................................................................................... 48 6.1 Research questions .............................................................................................................................. 48 6.2 Media framing of nuclear weapons, public opinion and social movements ........................................ 49 6.2.1 Media framing of nuclear weapons and public opinion ............................................................... 49 6.2.2 Media framing of nuclear weapons and social movements .......................................................... 51 6.3 Limitations and recommendations ...................................................................................................... 51 Literature ....................................................................................................................................................... 54 Appendix I ..................................................................................................................................................... 59 Code tree 1: Event (reasoning device)....................................................................................................... 59 Code tree 2: Cause (reasoning device) ...................................................................................................... 60 Code tree 3: Context (reasoning device) ................................................................................................... 61 Code tree 4: Judgement (reasoning device)............................................................................................... 62 Code tree 5: Solution (reasoning device) .................................................................................................. 63 Code tree 6: Visuals (framing device) ....................................................................................................... 64 Code tree 7: Text elements – word choice / example / metaphor (framing device) .................................. 65 Code tree 8: Text elements – descriptions (framing devices)...................................................................
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