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Specialization of Agricultural Organizations of Chelyabinsk Region: Analysis and Institutional Interpretation

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Specialization of Agricultural Organizations of Chelyabinsk Region: Analysis and Institutional Interpretation BIO Web of Conferences 17, 00220 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700220 FIES 2019 Specialization of agricultural organizations of Chelyabinsk region: analysis and institutional interpretation Evgenia Zakharova*, Elena Zemtsova, Denis Davydov, Ekaterina Abilova, Tatyana Lushnikova, and Anastasia Tregubova Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia Abstract. The article presents the results of research and analysis of specialization of agricultural organizations of the Chelyabinsk region for the period from 2006 to 2017, which according to the population ecology of organizations has advantages in stable or specific environments. To study the specialization of the organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the Chelyabinsk region, a three-part coefficient of specialization was used, which characterizes the total share of the three values of the studied trait in the total population. Empirical research of agro-industrial complex of Chelyabinsk region allowed performing the analysis of 294...194 organizations for the period 2006...2017. It was found that the arithmetic value of a share of the first three types of products, ordered descending, in the structure of realization of products of agricultural organizations of territories of the region made up 78.09...85.08 % and in the structure of sales organizations of the region amounted to 89.71...96.86 %. It was shown that the analysis of the shares of the first three types of products, ordered in descending order, in the structure of sales of agricultural products can be reduced to the analysis of the shares of the first of the three types of products in this ordered structure. It was found that during the study period, the share of organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the region with the share of proceeds from the sale of grain and leguminous crops in the total revenue of organizations 20 ... 80 % amounted to 45.92...29.61 %. long as the resources that sustain organizations are 1 Introduction limited and populations have unlimited capacity to expand, competition is inevitable” [11]. The modern economic sociology includes two main M.T. Hannan remarks: "If two populations of directions – sociology of markets and sociology of organizations supported by identical environmental organizations [1–4]. Within these two directions resources differ in some organizational characteristic, complementary research programs are created and then a population with a characteristic less developed, for example, population ecology of corresponding to the variables will tend to disappear. organizations [5–7]. Stable equilibrium will then include only one population Population ecology of organizations transfers many which can be said to be isomorphic to the environment" biological laws to a set of organizations. This science [8]. studies a set of organizations that have a homogeneous More generally, the upper bound of a variety in a organizational form, and therefore are relatively system is determined not only by specific resources but homogeneous in terms of their vulnerability to also by additional growth constraints. Thus, the environmental changes [8]. Otherwise, the population expansion of markets and government regulation ecology of organizations equals the set of organizations mechanisms may, for example, cause a reduction in the in biological populations and studies them, as well as number of restrictions for local environments. changes in organizational forms of populations for the M.T. Hannan and J. Freeman write: “... the process of chosen set of observable characteristics which are known expanding the economic and political center must, to affect the degree of compliance with its surrounding therefore, have a tendency to replace some local external environment [9, 10]. restrictions with more unified restrictions more uniform" Empirical research in the framework of the [8]. population ecology of organizations revealed that the Population ecology of organizations postulates that a selection mechanism is the leading mechanism of single population of organizations occupies its market changes in organizations and sectors of the market niche in an unstable environment in which the economy. "Organizational forms are probably failing to population has a stable competitive advantage. "Faced evolve – "write M.T. Hannan and J.T. Smith. Freeman – with unstable environments," – write researchers in certain environmental conditions because other forms M.T. Hannan and J. Freedman, – organizations need to compete successfully with them for basic resources. As develop a generalist structure that is not best adapted to * Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 17, 00220 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700220 FIES 2019 any of the configurations of the external environment but n is optimal for the entire set of configurations" [8]. 11xi GE ( ) =−1, (2) Population ecology of organizations states that 2 − n i=1 x specialization will always have advantages in stable or defined environments and generalism is not always where α – is a parameter that takes any value optimal in uncertain environments. from –∞ to +∞ "If the environment varies between the states in n – is a population size; unpredictable manner imposing very different 푥푖 – is a i-value of the studied trait.; requirements to the organization, and the duration of the 푥̅ – is the arithmetic mean of the studied state of the external environment is negligible relative to trait. the lifespan of the organization... populations of If the parameter 훼 is 0, the index of the logarithmic organizations that have chosen the specialization will be mean deviation, which gives greater weight to the in a better position than those who chose generalism" differences of the studied trait at the bottom of the [8, 12, 13]. distribution, has the form: The study of specialization of organizations reveals nn 11xi x the result of competition for resources between GE (0) = − log = log . (3) nx n x organizations of different populations. ii==11 i The purpose of the study is to analyze the If the parameter 훼 is equal to 1, then Theil index specialization of the organizations of the agro-industrial [15], which gives equal weights to the observations over complex of the Chelyabinsk region which is the entire distribution scale, has the form: characterized by the industrial type of the structure of the n gross regional product. 1 xxii GE (1) = log . (4) In accordance with the purpose of the study the n i=1 xx following tasks are set: If the parameter 훼 is 2, the total entropy index, which • to carry out a comparative analysis of the gives greater weight to the differences in the studied trait normalized values of the arithmetic means of shares of at the top of the distribution, has the form: the first three types of products, ordered descending, in 2 11n x the structure of realization of products of agricultural GE (21) =i − = organizations of Chelyabinsk region for the period from 2 n i=1 x 2006 to 2017; (5) 2 • to carry out a comparative analysis of the 1 1n 1 =x − x = V 2 , distribution of agricultural organizations by the share of 2 ( i ) 2x n i=1 2 proceeds from the sale of grain and leguminous crops in the total revenue of agricultural organizations of the where 푉 – is a coefficient of variation. Chelyabinsk region for the period from 2006 to 2017. The Atkinson index [16, p. 244-263] has the form: 1 1− n x (1− ) 1 i (6) A =−1, 2 Materials and methods n x i=1 When solving the tasks set in this study, two approaches where 휀 – is a parameter of inequality deviation. to the empirical study of the specialization of If α = 1 − ε, the generalized entropy indices become organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the conditionally equivalent to the Atkinson index for the Chelyabinsk region were formulated, to the analysis of values α < 1 [17]. The Atkinson index satisfies the its results. requirement of additivity, that is, it decomposes without In the first approach, the specialization coefficient is remainder in the sum of inequality within groups and calculated for the three, four, six or eight largest units of intergroup inequality [18]. the set of values of the studied trait. For example, CR3 is Popular in the theory of industrial markets Gini index a three-part index of specialization that characterizes the does not meet the requirement of the axiom of additivity, total share of the three values of the studied trait in the if the subvectors of the studied trait intersect [18]. total population: However, despite some limitations, it contains useful 3 information about the form of distribution of the studied CR3 = pi , (1) trait [19], and has the form: i = 1 nn where p – is a proportion of i-value of the studied trait. 1 i G=− xij x . (7) 2nx2 The second approach calculates inequality indicators ij==11 which properties are determined by the axioms of Besides, methods of decomposition of this indicator inequality measurement, namely: redistribution, scale have been proposed [20–22], but it is possible to independence, duplication of observations, anonymity decompose it without a residue only if the subvectors of and additivity [14]. Only one class of indicators namely the studied trait do not intersect [23]. generalized entropy indicators satisfies all the above For an empirical study of the specialization of the requirements (GE): organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the Chelyabinsk region for the period from 2006 to 2017, a 2 BIO Web of Conferences 17, 00220 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700220 FIES 2019 three-part index of specialization (퐶푅3) was used, indicator in this period is 89.71 %, and the maximum methods of regression analysis and nonparametric value is 92.78 % (Table 1). statistics were used.
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