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Depositional History of the Black Mountain Conglomerate, Mohave County, Arizona: Sedimentary Response to Miocene Extension

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Depositional History of the Black Mountain Conglomerate, Mohave County, Arizona: Sedimentary Response to Miocene Extension UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2003 Depositional history of the Black Mountain conglomerate, Mohave County, Arizona: Sedimentary response to Miocene extension Michelle Marie Williams University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Williams, Michelle Marie, "Depositional history of the Black Mountain conglomerate, Mohave County, Arizona: Sedimentary response to Miocene extension" (2003). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/k73s-d91y This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE BLACK MOUNTAIN CONGLOMERATE, MOHAVE COUNTY, ARIZONA: SEDIMENTARY RESPONSE TO MIOCENE EXTENSION by Michelle Marie Williams Bachelor of Science University of Notre Dame 1999 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree Department of Geoscience College of Science Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2003 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1414562 Copyright 2003 by Williams, Michelle Marie All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform 1414562 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Michelle M. Williams 2003 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thesis Approval The Graduate College University of Nevada,. Las Vegas April 24 _,2003 The Thesis prepared by Michelle Marie Williams Entitled Depositional history of the Black Mountain Conglomerate, Mohave County, Arizona; Sedimentary response to Miocene extension is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geoscience Examination Committee Chair Dean of the Graduate College Examination Committee Member Examination Committee Member J À û i u n Graduate College Faculty Representative PR/1017-53/1-00 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Depositional History of the Black Mountain Conglomerate, Mohave County, Arizona: Sedimentary Response to Miocene Extension by Michelle M. Williams Dr. A.D. Hanson, Examination Committee Chair Assistant Professor of Geology University of Nevada, Las Vegas This study documents the Miocene depositional and extensional history for the area west of Wilson Ridge in the Black Mountains, northwestern Arizona. The field area, part of the Basin and Range province, lies within an area that experienced northward migration of intense volcanism several million years prior to significant regional extension. Extension propagated northward through the northern Colorado River extensional corridor to the Lake Mead area. Clastic sedimentary rocks in the basin are linked to the extension of the region. Documentation of the basin fill was conducted with the aim of determining whether sedimentary clasts can be tied to lithologies that are exposed along Wilson Ridge and whether there is an unroofing sequence preserved within the basin. Stratigraphie sections from four locations were measured to capture the vertical succession of clastic and volcanic rocks and correlated to determine the lateral variability within the basin. Data 111 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. collected from these sections included changes in bedding orientation, clast compositions, paleocurrent directions, and provenance. The clast types in the basin mirror the exposed rock types in the Wilson Ridge. Clasts in the southernmost section of the basin are dominantly metamorphic clasts. Age- equivalent conglomerates in the northern most section have an evolving composition that changes from volcanic-dominated at the base of the section to plutonic-dominated at the top of the section. Paleocurrent and grain size measurements indicate that sediment was mainly derived from the east and transported to the west. The lower member of the Black Mountain Conglomerate was deposited while deformation was occurring, and is folded into an open, gently southward plunging syncline. Fanning of sediments occurs in some localities adjacent to the Wilson Ridge. The upper member of the Black Mountain Conglomerate is post-tectonic and bedding is undeformed. Age and provenance relationships indicate the Wilson Ridge pluton was unroofed at a rate of ~4 mm/yr. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1 Research Goals .............................................................................................................. 3 Regional Significance....................................................................................................3 Study Area Location ..................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 REGIONAL GEOLOGIC SETTING........................................................9 Geologic History............................................................................................................9 Structural Framework ..................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 3 STRATIGRAPHIC AND VOLCANIC DESCRIPTIONS.....................14 Sediment Source Areas ................................................................................................14 Volcanic and Sedimentary Basin Deposits .................................................................19 CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY..................................................................................26 Field Investigation ...................................................................................................... 26 Laboratory Analysis .................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 5 STRATIGRAPHY...................................................................................29 Northern/Black Canyon Assemblage Section..............................................................32 Upper White Rock Canyon Section ............................................................................ 42 U.S. Highway 93 Section .............................................................................................51 Malpais Section ............................................................................................................56 CHAPTER 6 BASIN ANALYSIS.................................................................................62 Basin Characteristics....................................................................................................62 Sedimentation and Tectonics .......................................................................................78 Classification of the Black Mountain Basin ................................................................83 CHAPTER 7 BASIN EVOLUTION .............................................................................87 Early Miocene..............................................................................................................87 Middle Miocene ...........................................................................................................87 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Late Miocene .............................................................................................................. 91 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................92 APPENDIX A STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN DESCRIPTIONS................................94 APPENDIX B CONGLOMERATE CLAST COUNT DATA....................................110 APPENDIX C PALEOCURRENT MEASUREMENT DATA..................................114 APPENDIX D COMPLETE ISOTOPIC DATA FROM SAMPLE 01BC19..............116 APPENDIX E SANDSTONE PETROGRAPHY DATA............................................119 APPENDIX
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