DOCSLIB.ORG

ESHIA for 2D Seismic Surveying in Blocks 18, 19, and 21 in the Abred-Ferfer Area, Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ESHIA for 2D Seismic Surveying in Blocks 18, 19, and 21 in the Abred-Ferfer Area, Ethiopia 20 February 2015 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: WATER RESOURCES ESHIA for 2D Seismic Surveying in Blocks 18, 19, and 21 in the Abred-Ferfer area, Ethiopia Submitted to: Delonex Energy Ethiopia Ltd 3rd floor Mekwor Plaza Debrezeit Road Addis Ababa Ethiopia Report Number: 1417532-13359-1 Distribution: REPORT 1 Copy Delonex Energy Ethiopia Ltd 1 Copy Golder Associates Africa (Pty) Ltd Digital Library IMPACT ASSESMENT: WATER RESOURCES Executive Summary Water within the Project area is a scarce resource, critical to all people, animals and plants in the area. Three distinct water resources were identified in the Project area: Shallow aquifer (<30m below surface) that is accessed via hand-dug wells. Water is influenced by anthropogenic activities and varies between locations (i.e. dependent on the depth of occurrence, recharge and evaporation rates). Deep aquifer system (>30m to 300m below surface) accessed by through boreholes by motorised pumps (NaCa-ClSO4 type water). Water is characteristic of extended residence time within the deep aquifer system and low recharge from sporadic rainfall events. Stored surface water in Birkas impoundments (Ca-bicarbonate type water). Water is characterised by high turbidity, bacteriological contaminants, and evaporation (if open to the atmosphere). Water sources (utilised by the local inhabitants for drinking, domestic use, and livestock watering) are not suitable for human consumption (i.e. most parameters measured exceed relevant drinking standards). Elevated nitrate and the presence of faecal bacteria in samples indicate that the pollutants affecting the water sources are most likely from poor human sanitation practices and close proximity of livestock animals to water abstraction points. Water character is dominated by recharge and evaporation mechanisms. To insure the protection of water resources, the abstraction points need to be protected from surface infiltration and run-off of contaminants, evaporation, and direct contamination through access of groundwater wells. Groundwater flow is typically governed by topography. In the western portion of the Project area, flow is towards the southwest, but flow is in a south easterly direction towards the east. No water level information was available for the deep aquifer system as it was not accessible. Static water level (of shallow aquifer) varied throughout the Project area and potential over abstraction is a concern as a 1m drop in water level could result in wells becoming dry. Overall the Project represents a positive impact on water resources (provided mitigation measures are implemented). 20 February 2015 Report No. 1417532-13359-1 IMPACT ASSESMENT: WATER RESOURCES Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Project ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope/ Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Study Limitations .......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Geology ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 3.2 Regional Geology and Structure ................................................................................................................... 3 3.3 Soil Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Topography .................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.5 Vegetation .................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.5.1 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 7 3.5.1.1 Regional Climate and Meteorology ...................................................................................................... 7 3.5.1.2 Project Area Climate and Meteorology ................................................................................................ 8 3.6 Water resources ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3.6.1 Rivers and Streams................................................................................................................................. 9 3.6.2 Groundwater ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3.6.3 Surface water ........................................................................................................................................ 10 4.0 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Hydrocensus ............................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.1 Sampling protocol ................................................................................................................................. 12 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 14 5.1 Groundwater elevations and flow direction ................................................................................................. 14 5.2 Microbial Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 17 5.3 Chemical analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 18 5.4 Characterising of the water sources ........................................................................................................... 19 6.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................................... 26 6.1 Methodology for assessing impacts ............................................................................................................ 26 6.1.1 Cumulative Impacts .............................................................................................................................. 28 6.1.2 Development of Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 28 20 February 2015 Report No. 1417532-13359-1 i IMPACT ASSESMENT: WATER RESOURCES 7.0 POTENTIAL WATER RESOURCE IMPACTS ........................................................................................................ 28 7.1 Siltation of water resources ........................................................................................................................ 29 7.2 Improved access to water resources .......................................................................................................... 29 7.3 Physical damage of Birkas and Boreholes ................................................................................................. 29 7.4 Runoff Diversion ......................................................................................................................................... 29 7.5 Contamination of water resources .............................................................................................................. 29 7.6 Water resource depletion ............................................................................................................................ 30 7.7 Residual impacts ........................................................................................................................................ 30 7.8 Proposed Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................................... 30 7.8.1 Siltation of water resources ................................................................................................................... 30 7.8.2 Improved access to water ..................................................................................................................... 30 7.8.3 Physical damage of Birkas and Boreholes ............................................................................................ 30 7.8.4 Runoff Diversion ................................................................................................................................... 30 7.9 Contamination of water resources .............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA - National Hot Spot Map 31 May 2010
    ETHIOPIA - National Hot Spot Map 31 May 2010 R Legend Eritrea E Tigray R egion !ª D 450 ho uses burned do wn d ue to th e re ce nt International Boundary !ª !ª Ahferom Sudan Tahtay Erob fire incid ent in Keft a hum era woreda. I nhabitan ts Laelay Ahferom !ª Regional Boundary > Mereb Leke " !ª S are repo rted to be lef t out o f sh elter; UNI CEF !ª Adiyabo Adiyabo Gulomekeda W W W 7 Dalul E !Ò Laelay togethe r w ith the regiona l g ove rnm ent is Zonal Boundary North Western A Kafta Humera Maychew Eastern !ª sup portin g the victim s with provision o f wate r Measle Cas es Woreda Boundary Central and oth er imm ediate n eeds Measles co ntinues to b e re ported > Western Berahle with new four cases in Arada Zone 2 Lakes WBN BN Tsel emt !A !ª A! Sub-city,Ad dis Ababa ; and one Addi Arekay> W b Afa r Region N b Afdera Military Operation BeyedaB Ab Ala ! case in Ahfe rom woreda, Tig ray > > bb The re a re d isplaced pe ople from fo ur A Debark > > b o N W b B N Abergele Erebtoi B N W Southern keb eles of Mille and also five kebeles B N Janam ora Moegale Bidu Dabat Wag HiomraW B of Da llol woreda s (400 0 persons) a ff ected Hot Spot Areas AWD C ases N N N > N > B B W Sahl a B W > B N W Raya A zebo due to flo oding from Awash rive r an d ru n Since t he beg in nin g of th e year, Wegera B N No Data/No Humanitarian Concern > Ziquala Sekota B a total of 967 cases of AWD w ith East bb BN > Teru > off fro m Tigray highlands, respective ly.
    [Show full text]
  • Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours the Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia
    Relief and Rehabilitation Network Network Paper 4 Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours The Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia Koenraad Van Brabant September 1994 Please send comments on this paper to: Relief and Rehabilitation Network Overseas Development Institute Regent's College Inner Circle Regent's Park London NW1 4NS United Kingdom A copy will be sent to the author. Comments received may be used in future Newsletters. ISSN: 1353-8691 © Overseas Development Institute, London, 1994. Photocopies of all or part of this publication may be made providing that the source is acknowledged. Requests for commercial reproduction of Network material should be directed to ODI as copyright holders. The Network Coordinator would appreciate receiving details of any use of this material in training, research or programme design, implementation or evaluation. Bad Borders Make Bad Neighbours The Political Economy of Relief and Rehabilitation in the Somali Region 5, Eastern Ethiopia Koenraad Van Brabant1 Contents Page Maps 1. Introduction 1 2. Pride and Prejudice in the Somali Region 5 : The Political History of a Conflict 3 * The Ethiopian empire-state and the colonial powers 4 * Greater Somalia, Britain and the growth of Somali nationalism 8 * Conflict and war between Ethiopia and Somalia 10 * Civil war in Somalia 11 * The Transitional Government in Ethiopia and Somali Region 5 13 3. Cycles of Relief and Rehabilitation in Eastern Ethiopia : 1973-93 20 * 1973-85 : `Relief shelters' or the politics of drought and repatriation 21 * 1985-93 : Repatriation as opportunity for rehabilitation and development 22 * The pastoral sector : Recovery or control? 24 * Irrigation schemes : Ownership, management and economic viability 30 * Food aid : Targeting, free food and economic uses of food aid 35 * Community participation and institutional strengthening 42 1 Koenraad Van Brabant has been project manager relief and rehabilitation for eastern Ethiopia with SCF(UK) and is currently Oxfam's country representative in Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Somali Dashboard +Distribution Breakdown
    Shelter-NFI Cluster Ethiopia Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter SOMALI DASHBOARD Update 05 June 2018 HOUSEHOLDS IN NEED OF ES/NFI SUPPORT- GAP*/ DISTRIBUTIONS COMPLETED IN MAY/JUNE Key Figures *Number of HH inGA need - Number of HH suported HH in need of 48,347 Gablalu- 100 partial kits 121,848 Shelter/ NFI support Hadigala- 330 partial kits Gablablu Priority 1 HH Dembel- 140 partial kits 1,673 ERCS/IRC 31,055 Siti Priority 2 HH Erer 10,808 2,630 Fafan 42,446 Miesso Priority 3 HH 3,598 15,157 Jijiga DISTRIBUTION SINCE JANUARY 2018 Babile 1,464 10, 592 20,906 (2,482)* HH received Shelter/ NFI support Erer Gashamo 8,640 4,941 Jarar 3, 733 (1,390)* 7,594 Full Shelter/NFI kits Cash Grants Qubi 7, 343 S Berano Boh 2,114 500 partial kits Noqob Danot Doolo 1,546 4,672 NDRMC 2,537 (1,102)* 3,841 Gerbo 12,068 Partial Shelter/NFI kits 1,476 on-going* Warder Geladin Hudet Korahe 3,712 2,144 BENEFICIARIES BY EMERGENCY TYPE/AGENCY 1,500 cash grants- IOM 3,193 1,000 cash grants- NRC Guradamole Berano 2,720 290 NRC CONCERN CONFLICTIOM Shabelle FLOOD CONFLICT 3,630 2,602 9,0507,094 7,462 9,050 Karsa Dulla 16, 578 (2,482)* IRC/ERCS Afder Kelafo 2,570 1,449 Hargele 9,520 SCI 7,033 702 Mustahil 3,000 NDRMC 2,000 Deka Suftu 3,419 Liben DROUGHT 2,364 on-going* Mustahil Number of HH 3,814 9,955 1,000 fulll kits Hudet 0 SCI 1 - 500 12,718 Mubarak ON-GOING AND PLANNED DISTRIBUTIONS Dolo Odo 500 - 1,000 6,002 Hargele on-going 1,989 1,500 partial kits 1,000 - 2,000 planned 2,000 - 5,000 Moyale NDRMC Adadle- 750 full kits /NRC Kelafo- 450 partial kits /SCI 5,000
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility
    Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility Africa Program Working Paper Series Gilbert M. Khadiagala OCTOBER 2008 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: Elderly women receive ABOUT THE AUTHOR emergency food aid, Agok, Sudan, May 21, 2008. ©UN Photo/Tim GILBERT KHADIAGALA is Jan Smuts Professor of McKulka. International Relations and Head of Department, The views expressed in this paper University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South represent those of the author and Africa. He is the co-author with Ruth Iyob of Sudan: The not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Elusive Quest for Peace (Lynne Rienner 2006) and the welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit editor of Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes of a well-informed debate on critical Region (Lynne Rienner 2006). policies and issues in international affairs. Africa Program Staff ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS John L. Hirsch, Senior Adviser IPI owes a great debt of thanks to the generous contrib- Mashood Issaka, Senior Program Officer utors to the Africa Program. Their support reflects a widespread demand for innovative thinking on practical IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor solutions to continental challenges. In particular, IPI and Ellie B. Hearne, Publications Officer the Africa Program are grateful to the government of the Netherlands. In addition we would like to thank the Kofi © by International Peace Institute, 2008 Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, which All Rights Reserved co-hosted an authors' workshop for this working paper series in Accra, Ghana on April 11-12, 2008. www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Foreword, Terje Rød-Larsen . i Introduction. 1 Key Challenges .
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia – Flooding Flash Update 3
    Ethiopia – Flooding Flash Update 3 22 May 2018 On 21 May, the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC)-led Flood Task Force issued a revised Flood Alert1, based on the monthly National Meteorology Agency (NMA) forecast for the month of May 2018. The latest NMA forecast informs of a shift of the heavy rainfall from south eastern Ethiopia (mainly Somali region) to the central, western and parts of northern Ethiopia, including Afar, Amhara, Gambella, southern Oromia, parts of SNNP and Tigray region. Accordingly, average to above average rainfall is expected in Zones 3, 4 and 5 of Afar region; North and South Wello, North and South Gonder, Bahir Dar Zuria, Western and Eastern Gojam, and Awi zones of Amhara region; Benishan- gul Gumuz region; Gambella region; Harari region; Arsi, Bale, Borena, Guji, eastern, northern and western Shewa, East and West Hararge zones of Oromia region; most zones of SNNPR; most of Somali region; Tigray region; as well as Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa cities. The rains are expected to benefit agricultural activities by improving moisture forbelg and long cycle meher crops and perennial plants; and to help pasture regeneration and water source replenishment. However, flash floods are anticipated in areas along river banks and areas with low soil water percolation capacity. The first Alert was issued on 27 April following the reactivation of the National Flood Task Force on 19 April, to co- ordinate flood mitigation, preparedness and response efforts. Another revision will be conducted based on NMA’s forecast for the 2018 summer kiremt rains and new developments on the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • MIND the GAP Commercialization, Livelihoods and Wealth Disparity in Pastoralist Areas of Ethiopia
    MIND THE GAP Commercialization, Livelihoods and Wealth Disparity in Pastoralist Areas of Ethiopia Yacob Aklilu and Andy Catley December 2010 Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Structure of the report .......................................................................................................................... 5 2. Livestock exports from pastoral areas of Ethiopia: recent trends and issues ......................................... 6 2.1 The growing trade: economic gains outweigh ethnicity and trust........................................................ 7 2.2 The cross‐border trade from Somali Region and Borana ...................................................................... 8 2.3 Trends in formal exports from Ethiopia .............................................................................................. 12 2.4 A boom in prices and the growth of bush markets ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Somali Region: Multi – Agency Deyr/Karan 2012 Seasonal Assessment Report
    SOMALI REGION: MULTI – AGENCY DEYR/KARAN 2012 SEASONAL ASSESSMENT REPORT REGION Somali Regional State November 24 – December 18, 2012 DATE ASSESSMENT STARTED & COMPLETED TEAM MEMBERS – Regional analysis and report NAME AGENCY Ahmed Abdirahman{Ali-eed} SCI Ahmed Mohamed FAO Adawe Warsame UNICEF Teyib Sheriff Nur FAO Mahado Kasim UNICEF Mohamed Mohamud WFP Name of the Agencies Participated Deyr 2012 Need Assessment Government Bureaus DRMFSS, DPPB,RWB,LCRDB,REB,RHB,PCDP UN – WFP,UNICEF,OCHA,FAO,WHO Organization INGO SCI,MC,ADRA,IRC,CHF,OXFAMGB,Intermon Oxfam, IR,SOS,MSFH,ACF LNGO HCS,OWDA,UNISOD,DAAD,ADHOC,SAAD,KRDA 1: BACKGROUND Somali Region is one of largest regions of Ethiopia. The region comprises of nine administrative zones which in terms of livelihoods are categorised into 17 livelihood zones. The climate is mostly arid/semi-arid in lowland areas and cooler/wetter in the higher areas. Annual rainfall ranges from 150 - ~600mm per year. The region can be divided into two broader rainfall regimes based on the seasons of the year: Siti and Fafan zones to the north, and the remaining seven zones to the south. The rainfall pattern for both is bimodal but the timings differ slightly. The southern seven zones (Nogob, Jarar, Korahe, Doollo, Shabelle, Afder, Liban and Harshin District of Fafan Zone) receive ‘Gu’ rains (main season) from mid April to end of June, and secondary rains known as ‘Deyr’ from early October to late December. In the north, Siti and Fafan zones excluding Harshin of Fafan zone receive ‘Dirra’ - Objectives of the assessment also known as ‘Gu’ rains from late March To evaluate the outcome of the Deyr/Karan to late May.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Monitoring Report Working 2016 Humanitarian Requirements Document – Ethiopia Group
    DRMTechnical Periodic Monitoring Report Working 2016 Humanitarian Requirements Document – Ethiopia Group Covering 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2016 Prepared by Clusters and NDRMC Introduction The El Niño global climactic event significantly affected the 2015 meher/summer rains on the heels of failed belg/ spring rains in 2015, driving food insecurity, malnutrition and serious water shortages in many parts of the country. The Government and humanitarian partners issued a joint 2016 Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD) in December 2015 requesting US$1.4 billion to assist 10.2 million people with food, health and nutrition, water, agriculture, shelter and non-food items, protection and emergency education responses. Following the delay and erratic performance of the belg/spring rains in 2016, a Prioritization Statement was issued in May 2016 with updated humanitarian requirements in nutrition (MAM), agriculture, shelter and non-food items and education.The Mid-Year Review of the HRD identified 9.7 million beneficiaries and updated the funding requirements to $1.2 billion. The 2016 HRD is 69 per cent funded, with contributions of $1.08 billion from international donors and the Government of Ethiopia (including carry-over resources from 2015). Under the leadership of the Government of Ethiopia delivery of life-saving and life- sustaining humanitarian assistance continues across the sectors. However, effective humanitarian response was challenged by shortage of resources, limited logistical capacities and associated delays, and weak real-time information management. This Periodic Monitoring Report (PMR) provides a summary of the cluster financial inputs against outputs and achievements against cluster objectives using secured funding since the launch of the 2016 HRD.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Education in Livelihoods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia
    J U N E 2 0 1 1 Strengthening the humanity and dignity of people in crisis through knowledge and practice A report for the BRIDGES Project The Role of Education in Livelihoods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia Elanor Jackson ©2011 Feinstein International Center. All Rights Reserved. Fair use of this copyrighted material includes its use for non-commercial educational purposes, such as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, commentary, and news reporting. Unless otherwise noted, those who wish to reproduce text and image files from this publication for such uses may do so without the Feinstein International Center’s express permission. However, all commercial use of this material and/or reproduction that alters its meaning or intent, without the express permission of the Feinstein International Center, is prohibited. Feinstein International Center Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4800 Medford, MA 02155 USA tel: +1 617.627.3423 fax: +1 617.627.3428 fic.tufts.edu 2 Feinstein International Center Acknowledgements This study was funded by the Department for International Development as part of the BRIDGES pilot project, implemented by Save the Children UK, Mercy Corps, and Islamic Relief in the Somali Region. The author especially appreciates the support and ideas of Alison Napier of Tufts University in Addis Ababa. Thanks also to Mercy Corps BRIDGES project staff in Jijiga and Gode, Islamic Relief staff and driver in Hargelle, Save the Children UK staff in Dire Dawa, and the Tufts driver. In particular, thanks to Hussein from Mercy Corps in Jijiga for organizing so many of the interviews. Thanks also to Andy Catley from Tufts University and to Save the Children UK, Islamic Relief, Mercy Corps, and Tufts University staff in Addis Ababa for their ideas and logistical assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Practice Guidelines for Water Development
    SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA Achieving Water Security Enhancing Ensuring Water Water Productivity Sustainability GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR WATER DEVELOPMENT SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR WATER DEVELOPMENT Correct Citation: Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. (2012). Good Practice Guidelines for Water Development. Office of the President, Somali Regional State of Ethiopia, Jijiga, Ethiopia, 89 pp. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................ i Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................... iii Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Water Resource Development in Somali Region .......................................................................... 1 1.2. About the Guidelines .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. How to Use These Guidelines ....................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Water Resource in Somali Region and General Strategic
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Petroleum Resources of Central and East-Central Africa by James A. Peterson* Open-File Report 85-589 This Report Is
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology and petroleum resources of central and east-central Africa By James A. Peterson* Open-File Report 85-589 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature Missoula, Montana 1985 CONTENTS Page Abs tract 1 Introduction 2 Sources of Information 2 Geography 2 Acknowledgment s 2 Regional geology 5 Structure 5 Horn of Africa 5 Plateau and rift belt 11 Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins 13 Central Africa interior basins 13 Upper Nile Basin (Sudan trough) 13 Chad, Doba-Doseo (Chari), and lullemmeden (Niger) Basins 13 Benue trough 15 Stratigraphy 15 Precambrian 19 Paleozoic 19 Mesozoic 21 East-central Africa 21 Jurassic 21 Cretaceous 22 Tertiary 22 Central Africa interior basins 26 Benue trough 27 Petroleum geology 27 Somali basin 28 Res ervo i r s 2 9 Source rocks 29 Seals 29 Traps 2 9 Estimated resources 30 Plateau and rift belt 30 Red Sea Basin (western half) 30 Reservoirs 30 Source rocks 34 Seals 34 Traps 34 Estimated resources 34 Central Africa interior basins 34 Reservoirs, source rocks, seals 36 Traps 36 Estimated resources 36 Benue trough 40 Res er voi r s 4 0 Source rocks 40 Seals 40 Traps 40 Estimated resources 40 CONTENTS (continued) Page Resource assessment 42 Procedures 42 As s es smen t 4 3 Comments 43 Selected references 45 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Index map of north and central Africa 3 2. Generalized structural map of central and east Africa 4 3.
    [Show full text]