St. Petersburg State University Centre for German and European Studies European Politics and Society: Studies by Young Scholars
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St. Petersburg State University Centre for German and European Studies European Politics and Society: Studies by Young Scholars Volume 3. Edited by Elena Belokurova Svoe Publishing House St. Petersburg 2011 European Politics and Society: Studies by Young Scholars. Vol. 3. Contents Edited by Elena Belokurova. St. Petersburg: Svoe Publishing House, 2011. – 224 p. Preface 5 ISBN 978-5-94348-055-3 Part 1. European Politics Introduction: European Studies in the Eyes of Young Scholars, by Elena Belokurova 13 The Contribution of Mass Media to the Europeanization of the Public Sphere: The Debate between Poland and Germany on the European Constitutional Treaty through the Eyes of the German Press, The volume contains papers from Russian and European PhD by Natalia Skitova 31 students presented at four annual Summer Schools for Postgraduate Students “European Union Studies: Methodological Opportuni- Will Turkey and the EU Lose or Gain one Another? ties and Limits” in 2007-2010. The Schools were organized and by Inna Sochneva 69 conducted by the Center for German and European Studies at St. Petersburg State University in co-operation with the Russian Gender Aspects of UK Social Policy Branch of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and Center for European (the Conservative Governments from 1979-1997), Studies at the European University at St. Petersburg. by Alexandra Kolesnikova 81 The presented articles are dedicated to different aspects of Eu- ropean politics and society, and can be of interest for everybody The Social Construction of Russia’s External interested in these topics. Gas Policy, by Jack Sharples 93 Part 2. European Societies European Identity: The Problem of Determination, by Natalia Mironova 125 © Centre for German and European Studies, 2011 The Representation of European Regionalism © Authors, 2011 through Radio Stations using the Example of German-Speaking Radio in Eastern Belgium, by Verena Molitor 131 4 The Generation of “Mixed” Values: Preface The Value Orientation of Modern German Youth, by Grigory Stepanov 141 Gender Socialization of Youth in Russia and Germany: Preconditions, Problems and Prospects for Research, by Alex Shchekoturov 165 The publication of the first two volumes of this book in 2009- The Social Mobility of Young People in Europe, 2010 demonstrated that the interest of both authors and readers by Olga Mantserova 175 in European matters was not only present, but that it has in fact strengthened since that time. The third volume contains papers Factors of Endogamy and Exogamy in International from the PhD students participated mainly in the last Fourth Sum- Marriages in Spain, by Tatjana Maximova 181 mer School-2010 for Postgraduate Students entitled as “European Union Studies: Methodological Opportunities and Limits”, with “Aliens” in Everyday German Life, by Irena Lebedeva 189 some participants of the Third School-2009 too. All the Schools were organized and run by the Center for German and European Image and Marginal Characteristics of European Studies at St. Petersburg State University in co-operation with and Non-European Migrant Workers in the Center for European Studies at the European University at Russia as Created by the Russian Internet, St. Petersburg and the Russian Branch of the Friedrich-Ebert- by Natalia Lapshina 199 Foundation. The Summer Schools took place in Strelna, a suburb of St. Petersburg in June every year since 2007. List of Contributors 217 The Summer Schools are aimed at tackling two of the main needs of PhD students working in European studies and on related topics in Russia: 1) the need to combat a lack of knowledge in Russia about new developing theoretical concepts in European politics and governance and 2) the need to better understand research methodology for PhD students’ own research. Both of these needs (conceptual and methodological) were confirmed during the first Summer School. The answers to them proposed during the course of the School were recognized as appropriate both by the participating professors and students. Therefore, after the first successful experience, the Schools became annual events and have attracted a large amount of interest. The main goal of the Summer Schools was defined as: to give young Russian researchers theoretical and methodological back- 6 Preface Preface 7 ground about European studies and to train their skills for use in all the time, although different topics and aspects were discussed social and political process analyses. To achieve this goal, the on different days at the Schools. following forms of teaching were combined: The First Summer School was oriented mostly towards the – Lectures by German and Russian political and social scientists research of European governance, which was discussed in its on different theoretical and methodological approaches in Euro- contemporary form and with regard to prospects for the future of pean studies, including demonstrating research results and ways European Studies as a perspective, which has both opportunities of using them for students’ studies; and limits in Russian Studies. Approaches to European regional- – Methodological discussion of the papers and research plans ism were especially interesting for many of the Russian students. presented by the participants. European regionalism as a basis for European politics in the 21st Daily classes were divided into two parts: one theoretical and century was then analyzed in terms of its conceptual foundations, one practical. During the theoretical meetings, German and empirical phenomena and strategic consequences. The influence Russian professors presented the theoretical and methodological of the EU on Russian regionalism studies was also an interesting foundations of European Union studies. The practical part of the topic for discussion. Studies of European identity were considered classes was dedicated to applying this knowledge to participants’ on one of the working days as well. In this regard, especially such scientific research programs and their papers through discussion aspects as European amendments to identity conception and a of the student presentations. This was also supplemented by comparison of European national identity concepts and Russian general discussions. identity studies were at the center of the debate. The idea for such a school came in 2005 from a group of students The Second Summer School, paid special attention, together of Petrozavodsk State University – young political scientists who with research methodology, to discussing problem-oriented teach- studied both European studies and Russian politics. They saw a ing and research in European Studies. In the field of European large gap between studies of European integration and politics Studies, the topics of nation states and citizenship as well as civic on the one hand and Russia’s transforming politics on the other education were discussed for a whole working day. One day hand. Various different theoretical approaches were developed for was dedicated to discussing issues connected with globalization these two different objects of research and these were applied in studies and border studies in contemporary Europe and Russia, separate and divergent ways. Therefore, the question was asked as which are of special interest for PhD students, especially for to whether these theories and theoretical approaches can help us those working in the North-Western region of Russia, which has to understand some of the other related objects of research. More a long common border with EU countries. Finally, the problems specifically, the question arose as to whether European Studies can of contemporary federalism and regionalism studies in Europe help in better understanding Russian politics and vice versa. The and Russia attracted much interest for the students, a majority of general idea of the School was thus, from the beginning, connected whom work not in the center, but in the provincial regions of the with recent discussions of tendencies towards the development of Russian Federation. different theoretical approaches both in Europe and Russia, which By keeping its main focus on the methodological issues and can be applied both in and for European and Russian contexts. problems, the Third Summer School paid much attention also to So, the idea of comparing European and Russian studies as well the issues of the Europeanization of policies in the EU countries, as applying them to various objects of research was kept in mind as well as to the issues surrounding the transformations of ethnic, 8 Preface Preface 9 national and European identities in contemporary Europe. Special tional atmosphere and perspective to the discussions and common attention to the role of mass media in the Europeanization and work. This experience was evaluated as very successful, and will European identity-building process was also a part of the lectures. be continued also for the future summer schools. More generally, the problems of contemporary European stud- During the preparation phase and during the last school, Dr. ies and European governance transformation together with its Maria Nozhenko (Center for European Studies, European Uni- multi-level character were also intensely discussed from different versity at St. Petersburg) not only delivered lectures, but actively perspectives. As usual, the students’ papers were presented and participated in all school discussions and sessions. Three panels discussed in detail. They were dedicated to topics connected with were moderated by the following professors: