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To Read More SCOT-IRISH MEN, WHO EXEMPLIFIED SCOT-IRISH CULTURE This article focused on men who exemplified the Scot-Irish Culture in early America. For example, the following men observed the Scot-Irish values in the conduct of General Andrew Jackson and also displayed these values in their own lives: Jacob McGavock; Davy Crockett; Sam Houston; William Carroll; John Coffee and James K. Polk (who learned the practice of law in the office of Felix Grundy and who served as aid de camp, on the staff of Gen./Governor William Carroll). In part, because they were loyal protégés of Andrew Jackson, the following Scot-Irish men attained notable success. Sam Houston became a U.S. Congressman, Governor of Tennessee, Commander of Texian Troops in the Battle for Texas Independence, the First President of the Republic of Texas, and Governor of Texas. William Carroll (1788-1844, son of Thomas Carroll and Mary Montgomery, with heavy Scot-Irish ancestry), served as a colonel in the battles against the Creeks in the Creek War and War of 1812, served as second in command at the Battle of New Orleans, attained the rank of general and served as Governor of Tennessee. James K. Polk served as Governor of Tennessee, U.S. Congressman and 11th U. S. President. Jackson had his protégés study the book, Scottish Chiefs [the story of William Wallace 1270-1305] to learn about the meaning of “honor.” The mother of William Wallace, the national hero of Scotland, was Margaret Crawford [1257-1273]). William Wallace was raised in part by a Crawford uncle after William’s father died, just as Andrew Jackson was raised in part by a Crawford uncle, after Andrew’s father died. Sam Houston’s mother gave Sam a ring inscribed “HONOR,” which Houston wore and treasured for life. The Scot-Irish required all leaders to maintain the set of warrior values identified in the list above. In addition, whether leaders or not, almost universally the Scot-Irish maintained a strong personal independence, displayed a deep understanding of the principles which supported freedom and nurtured a sincere love for the civil and religious liberties the Scot- Irish enjoyed in America. SCOT-IRISH LOVE OF FREEDOM AND EARLY SCOT-IRISH SETTLEMENTS This love of freedom and an innate sense of independence led many Scot-Irish families to settle in the Watauga River Valley, the Nolichucky River Valley and the Holston River Valley, during the late 1760’s and early 1770’s. These families created early independent democratic movements such as the following: (1) the Watauga Association formed in 1772 with settlers from the Watauga area and Nolichucky area, including Gen. James Robertson (1742-1818) and Gen. John Sevier (1745–1815); (2) the Lost State of Franklin formed in 1784 after North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government (the area later became the northeastern part of Tennessee) with settlers from the Watauga area and Holston area, including; Gen. John Sevier (1745-1815)and Gen. James White (1747-1821) and (3) the Cumberland Association formed in 1780 at the French Lick on the Cumberland River which led to the establishment of Nashville, Tennessee, including Gen. James Robertson (1742 -1818) and Col. John Donelson (1718 -1785) and their party of over-mountain men. Young Rachel Donelson, later Andrew Jackson’s bride, accompanied her father to the settlement. Not every Scot-Irish settlement succeeded. In 1783, in an unsuccessful attempt to settle the area known as, “the Bent in the Tennessee,” Gen. Griffith C. Rutherford (1721) joined Page 1 of 198 with the following innovative developers of settlements: (1) William Blount (1749–1800) who served as paymaster during War of Revolution and in 1790 was appointed by President George Washington as first Governor of the Territory South of Ohio River; (2) Gen. Richard Caswell (1729-1789), who served as Major General in War of the Revolution and was elected first Governor of North Carolina; (3) Gen. Joseph Martin (1740-1808), who served as Brigadier General of Virginia State Militia, in the War of the Revolution; (4) Col. John Donelson (1720- 1785), the Co-founder of Nashville, Tennessee; and (5) Gen. John Sevier (1745-1815), who commanded the Washington County, Tennessee “Over Mountain Men” in the Battle of Kings Mountain and served as the first Governor of Tennessee. A letter dated May, 1792, from William Blount (1749) to General James Robertson (1742) published in the American Historical Magazine stated, “General Rutherford and W.F. Lewis will leave in September with thirty wagons, so they write me. The General has actually exchanged all his lands in North Carolina for lands on the Cumberland.” (Quoting Minnie R. H. Long in General Griffith Rutherford and Allied Families, p. 61). Undeniably, the most powerful leader in early Tennessee was William Blount. After serving as the first Governor of Tennessee, Blount became one of Tennessee’s first U.S. Senators. In 1795, Tennessee honored William Blount with “Blount County.” Blount used his political roots and relationships formed in North Carolina to lead the effort for Tennessee statehood, and to amass land claims in Tennessee for himself on a gargantuan scale. William Blount’s half-brother, Willie Blount (1768-1835), served as Governor of Tennessee 1809-1818, including the period during the War of 1812 and the Creek War 1813-14. Governor Willie Blount also carried on the Blount family policies of protecting North Carolina-based land claims and minimization of taxation. Pleasant Miller and Hugh Lawson White in East Tennessee as well as John Overton and Andrew Jackson in West Tennessee provided powerful political support for the Blounts. John Sevier, who fought Indians and charmed Tennesseans….interrupted the Blount domination of the office of Governor of Tennessee by serving as Governor 1803-1809. (Heller p.88-89). Gen. James Robertson, Gen. James White, Gen. Griffith C. Rutherford, Pres./Gen. Andrew Jackson and President James K. Polk and were all Scot-Irish, like the McGavocks. Some other families, like the Seviers, may have originated as French Huguenots or as other nationalities, but through associations and through marriages became integrated into the Scot- Irish culture and Informal Scot-Irish Clans. For example, in 1761, John Sevier (1745-1815) married Scot-Irish Sarah Hawkins (1746-1780), with whom Sevier had 10 children. Sarah’s sister, Rebecca Hawkins (1764-1832), married John Crockett (1754-1794). Rebecca and John had three daughter and six sons, including Davy Crockett, hero of the Alamo). After Rebecca Hawkins Sevier (1764) died, Sevier married Scot-Irish “Bonnie Kate” Sherrill. In 1794, Tennessee honored Governor John Sevier with “Sevier County.” In 1796, Tennessee honored Gen. James Robertson with “Robertson County.” In 1803, Tennessee honored Gen. Griffith C. Rutherford with “Rutherford County.” North Carolina also named a county to honor Gen. Griffith C. Rutherford. Surprisingly, Tennessee failed to name a county to honor John Donelson. In the suburbs of Nashville, however, can be found the unincorporated community of Donelson, Tennessee, named for John Donelson (1725). The Donelson family also became identified with the Scot-Irish. Page 2 of 198 John Donelson (1725) in 1754 married Rachel Stockley (1730-1801) in Virginia and had several children; five of whom will be discussed here. First, Rachel Donelson (1767-1828) married Andrew Jackson. Second, Severn Donelson (1773-1818) married Elizabeth Rucker and had several children including twin sons, one of whom Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson adopted and named Andrew Jackson Jr. (1809-1865). Third, Jane Donelson (1766-1834) married Col. Robert Hays. Fourth, John Donelson (1755-1830) married Mary Purnell and had the following children: Emily Donelson (1807-1836), who substituted for deceased Aunt Rachel as hostess for Andrew Jackson’s White House and who married Cousin Andrew Jackson Donelson (1799), who served as President Andrew Jackson’s confident and secretary; Mary Donelson (1774-1871) who married Col. John Coffee, hero of the Creek War and the War of 1812, and Tabitha Donelson (1781-1854), who married George Smith (1776-1849), the son of Daniel Smith (1748-1818). George Smith became the brother-in-law of Col. John Coffee and the nephew of Andrew Jackson, by marriage. Finally, Samuel Donelson (1770-1802), was Andrew Jackson’s brother-in-law and law partner and Jackson helped Samuel elope with Mary Smith (1781-1857), the daughter of Daniel Smith (1748-1818). George Smith (1776) and Mary Smith (1781) were siblings. Samuel Donelson (1770) and Mary Smith Donelson (1781) had a daughter and three sons: (1) Andrew Jackson Donelson (1799-1871), who married Cousin Emily Donelson (1807- 1836), the daughter of John Donelson (1755) and served as aide-de-camp, secretary and confidant to Gen./President Andrew Jackson as well as Charge d’ Affaires in Texas; (2) Daniel Smith Donelson (1801-1863), who served as a Confederate General and for whom Fort Donelson was named and (3) John Samuel Donelson (1797-1817). Daniel Smith’s other child, a son named George Smith (1776-1849), married Tabitha Donelson (1781-1854) the daughter of John Donelson (1755) and the granddaughter of Col. John Donelson (1725). In 1799, Tennessee also honored Gen. Daniel Smith (1748) with “Smith County.” Daniel Smith (1748) also defended the Clinch Settlement with Daniel Boone during Lord Dunmore’s War, fought as a Patriot in the Battle of Kings Mountain, appointed by President George Washington and served as Secretary of the Southwest Territory, moved to the Cumberland Settlement, succeeded Andrew Jackson in the U.S. Senate, and signed in 1775 the Fincastle Resolution, along with James McGavock (1728). SCOT-IRISH WAXHAW SETTLEMENT - BORDER NC & SC Several important Scot-Irish families, discussed in this article, converged in the area near the North Carolina and the South Carolina border called “the Waxhaw,” for the Waxhaw Creek.
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