Il Tevere E I Suoi Ponti
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TERRAIN VAGUE: the TIBER RIVER VALLEY Beatrice Bruscoli [email protected]
TERRAIN VAGUE: THE TIBER RIVER VALLEY Beatrice Bruscoli [email protected] Figure 1: Bridge on Via del Foro Italico looking downstream Rome, the Eternal City, continues to be Rome—to really begin to know the an active model and exemplary location city—we must walk through it, taking to study and understand the dynamic our time. Arriving at a gate in the transformations taking place in contem- Aurelian Wall, we cross the threshold porary landscapes. In the process of and enter the Campagna (countryside) becoming “eternal,” Rome has been that surrounds Rome just as it has for continually—often radically—altered, millenea. while conserving its primordial image; Looking through the multitude of renewing itself over time, without losing images, paintings, and plans of Rome, its deeply rooted structure. we cannot help but notice that its Before urban form, forma urbis, primary characteristics have remained there is natural form. As Christian distinct and constant over the centuries. Norberg-Schultz informs us, the genius Gianbattista Nolli’s “La Pianta Grande loci of Rome does not reside in some di Roma” of 1748 is the city’s most abstract geometric order or a formalized well-known representation.2 (Plan 1) architectural space, but in the close and This remarkable figure-ground map continuous ties between buildings, voids, presents us with a view of Rome; of a and the natural landscape.1 Rome’s dense compact area of inhabitation, forma urbis was generated and shaped dotted with piazzas and courtyards, and by the natural morphology of its land- surrounded with vast unbuilt areas all scape. -
Waters of Rome Journal
TIBER RIVER BRIDGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME Rabun Taylor [email protected] Introduction arly Rome is usually interpreted as a little ring of hilltop urban area, but also the everyday and long-term movements of E strongholds surrounding the valley that is today the Forum. populations. Much of the subsequent commentary is founded But Rome has also been, from the very beginnings, a riverside upon published research, both by myself and by others.2 community. No one doubts that the Tiber River introduced a Functionally, the bridges in Rome over the Tiber were commercial and strategic dimension to life in Rome: towns on of four types. A very few — perhaps only one permanent bridge navigable rivers, especially if they are near the river’s mouth, — were private or quasi-private, and served the purposes of enjoy obvious advantages. But access to and control of river their owners as well as the public. ThePons Agrippae, discussed traffic is only one aspect of riparian power and responsibility. below, may fall into this category; we are even told of a case in This was not just a river town; it presided over the junction of the late Republic in which a special bridge was built across the a river and a highway. Adding to its importance is the fact that Tiber in order to provide access to the Transtiberine tomb of the river was a political and military boundary between Etruria the deceased during the funeral.3 The second type (Pons Fabri- and Latium, two cultural domains, which in early times were cius, Pons Cestius, Pons Neronianus, Pons Aelius, Pons Aure- often at war. -
Ritual Cleaning-Up of the City: from the Lupercalia to the Argei*
RITUAL CLEANING-UP OF THE CITY: FROM THE LUPERCALIA TO THE ARGEI* This paper is not an analysis of the fine aspects of ritual, myth and ety- mology. I do not intend to guess the exact meaning of Luperci and Argei, or why the former sacrificed a dog and the latter were bound hand and foot. What I want to examine is the role of the festivals of the Lupercalia and the Argei in the functioning of the Roman community. The best-informed among ancient writers were convinced that these were purification cere- monies. I assume that the ancients knew what they were talking about and propose, first, to establish the nature of the ritual cleanliness of the city, and second, see by what techniques the two festivals achieved that goal. What, in the perception of the Romans themselves, normally made their city unclean? What were the ordinary, repetitive sources of pollution in pre-Imperial Rome, before the concept of the cura Urbis was refined? The answer to this is provided by taboos and restrictions on certain sub- stances, and also certain activities, in the City. First, there is a rule from the Twelve Tables with Cicero’s curiously anachronistic comment: «hominem mortuum», inquit lex in duodecim, «in urbe ne sepelito neve urito», credo vel propter ignis periculum (De leg. II 58). Secondly, we have the edict of the praetor L. Sentius C.f., known from three inscrip- tions dating from the beginning of the first century BC1: L. Sentius C. f. pr(aetor) de sen(atus) sent(entia) loca terminanda coer(avit). -
Exemplarity in Roman Culture: the Cases of Horatius Cocles and Cloelia Author(S): Matthew B
Exemplarity in Roman Culture: The Cases of Horatius Cocles and Cloelia Author(s): Matthew B. Roller Source: Classical Philology, Vol. 99, No. 1 (January 2004), pp. 1-56 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/423674 . Accessed: 08/04/2011 17:40 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical Philology. http://www.jstor.org EXEMPLARITY IN ROMAN CULTURE: THE CASES OF HORATIUS COCLES AND CLOELIA matthew b. -
Mais Où Est Donc Passé Le Moyen-Âge ? ; Le Récentisme
« Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » C.E.R.B.I. : http://perso.orange.fr/initial.bipedalism/25ma.htm « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » L'invention de l'ère chrétienne par François de SARRE TABLE DES MATIERES : Introduction ……………………………………………………… 3 Chapitre 1 Les bizarreries du calendrier …………….. 10 Chapitre 2 Fomenko et les "récentistes" ……………... 17 Chapitre 3 Les cieux nous sont tombés sur la tête ….. 25 Chapitre 4 Quelques problème de dates ……………... 33 Chapitre 5 Les "siècles fantômes" du Moyen-Âge ….. 49 Chapitre 6 Charlemagne : un héros de légende ……… 64 Chapitre 7 Le Christianisme est-il né en Avignon ? …. 68 Chapitre 8 L'histoire des trois églises ………………... 83 Chapitre 9 Qui a bien pu avancer l'heure ? …………… 93 Chapitre 10 En quel siècle sommes-nous donc ? ……… 104 Chapitre 11 Essai de reconstruction historique ………... 125 Épilogue ………………………………………………………… 133 Littérature et notes ……………………………………………….. 138 Glossaire ……………………………………………………...…. 143 Bibliographie générale ………………………………………….. 149 Dates importantes en anno domini ……………………………... 151 Page 1 sur 155 Copyright François de SARRE © 2006 All Rights Reserved Pour toute reproduction même partielle du texte, veuillez faire la demande auprès de M. François de SARRE : [email protected] « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » C.E.R.B.I. : http://perso.orange.fr/initial.bipedalism/25ma.htm Représentons-nous une Histoire de France à laquelle il manquerait au bas mot une dizaine de siècles… « Inconcevable », allez-vous sans doute me dire ! Certes, je l'admets, c'est difficile -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
El Tíber, Paisaje Milenario
El Tíber, paisaje milenario María Margarita Segarra Lagunes*1 Del mismo modo que el viento modifica las dunas del desierto, depositando la arena que da forma a nuevos montículos, las condiciones geográficas y los eventos naturales determinan el curso de la historia, modelando territorios y consolidando vínculos y alianzas indisolubles y pluriseculares entre los hombres y el ambiente que los rodea. ¿Cuántas historias se han acumulado en un territorio? ¿Cuántas memorias se escon‑ den en un paisaje? ¿Cuántos recuerdos custodia el cauce de un río? ¿Cuántos hombres lo han navegado, atravesado y de él se ha beneficiado? Si observamos hoy el río Tíber desde lo alto de cualquier puente de Roma, o bien paseando a lo largo de sus márgenes, la impresión de vacío será inmediata: la de un lugar separado, no obstante su proximidad, del resto de la ciudad. Un lugar que afirma esa diso‑ ciación y es incapaz de entablar una relación con su entorno y de relatar una historia; un sitio sin pasado, sin presente que lo incorpore en la dinámica cotidiana de la ciudad y, por lo tanto, sin esperanza futura. Esta imagen congelada es el resultado de una acción del hombre: una acción tan radi‑ cal y tan drástica, que significó la total aniquilación de una simbiosis que, desde las épocas más remotas, la ciudad había instituido con su río. Los potentes muros que lo flanquean ratifican esa ruptura. Fueron realizados a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX con el fin de eliminar las frecuentes inundaciones, * Dipartimento di Architettura – Università degli Studi Roma Tre. -
Le Isole Tiberine
233 Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. d’It. 108 (2021), pp. 233-246; figg. 31 Le isole tiberine: storie di inondazioni, rappresentazioni topografiche e artistiche Tiber islands: histories of floods, topographic and artistic representations GUARNERI ENRICO MARIA & NISIO STEFANIAs s e RIASSUNTO - L’Isola Tiberina è stata fondamentale per lo svi- ABSTRACT - The Tiber Island has been fundamental element luppo della città di Roma, perché sin dai tempi protostorici, ha for the developmentr of the city of Rome: because since proto- rappresentato l’unico punto relativamente agevole che potesse historical times represented the relatively easy point that could permettere l’attraversamento del Tevere. Essa era considerata allow the crossing of the Tiber. un luogo sacro e in epoca romana fu sede del tempio di Escu- It was considered a sacred place, and seat in Roman times of lapio; la sua caratteristica forma di nave, le fu conferita, in epoca the temple of Aesculapius; its characteristic shape of a ship classica. Accanto all'isola Tiberina, per un lungo periodo, è esi- was given to it artificially in the classical times. stita una seconda isola più piccola. La persistenza e la forma di However, there were actually two islands: next to the main is- entrambe è stata fortemente condizionata nel tempo dalle pal- land there was a second island whose persistence and shape luvioni del fiume. Durante la piena del Tevere del 1788, gli in- over time was conditioned by the floods of the river. genti apporti detritici unirono l’isolotto alla riva sinistra. Inoltre During the flood of the Tiber in 1788, the large debris flows nel corso dei millenni la forma dell’isola e i due rami del fiume united the islet to the left bank. -
Rome Tourist Information
Rome As capital of the Roman Empire, the Papal States and Italy, Rome truly is the "Eternal City". One of the world's most elegant capitals the layers of history and the city's sheer excess of beauty can prove overwhelming to the unsuspecting visitor. This is a city best explored on foot, with every corner offering an overlooked treasure or unforgettable panorama. Roman columns soar up aimlessly next to medieval basilicas, the sound of water splashing in fountains fills the air in front of Renaissance palaces and exuberant Romans jostle through multi-coloured markets and winding cobbled streets. Breathe the air of the Caesars in the Roman forum, stroll through the menacing Colosseum, marvel at the splendours of the Vatican Palace - and you will wonder if this can be the capital of a modern industrial nation or whether you have stepped back into the pages of history. But around these relics of history Rome is still evolving. It's at the cutting edge of fashion and cuisine and is one of the most popular shopping destinations on Earth. So prepare to soak up history and modernity in equal measure in one of Europe's most fascinating cities. Sightseeing Rome is a work of art in itself and you'll never tire of wandering its streets and plazas, discovering new and ever greater architectural gems with every turn. Seeing the many treasures the city contains would take a lifetime, but there are several highlights that remain essential on a trip to the Eternal City. The Roma Archeologia Card costs EUR20 and is valid for 7-days. -
The Development of Wooden Bridges Through the Ages – a Review of Selected Examples of Heritage Objects. Part 1 – the Milestones
TECHNICAL TRANSACTIONS CZASOPISMO TECHNICZNE CIVIL ENGINEERING BUDOWNICTWO 2-B/2016 DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.16.161.5772 DONCHO PARTOV*, MARIUSZ MAŚLAK**, RADAN IVANOV*, MILEN PETKOV*, DENISLAV SERGEEV*, ANTOANETA DIMITROVA* THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOODEN BRIDGES THROUGH THE AGES – A REVIEW OF SELECTED EXAMPLES OF HERITAGE OBJECTS. PART 1 – THE MILESTONES ROZWÓJ MOSTÓW DREWNIANYCH POPRZEZ WIEKI – PRZEGLĄD NA WYBRANYCH PRZYKŁADACH OBIEKTÓW DZIEDZICTWA KULTUROWEGO. CZĘŚĆ 1 – KAMIENIE MILOWE A b s t r a c t In this article, selected examples of heritage wooden bridges, which were built over the centuries in various parts of the world, are presented and briefly discussed. The overview allows the observation of not only the continuous progress in the techniques used to construct bridges of this type but also the variety of the design solutions applied. Keywords: wooden bridge, cultural heritage, historical testimonies, old design solutions Streszczenie W artykule zaprezentowano i krótko omówiono wybrane przykłady realizacji mostów drew- nianych, stanowiących obiekty dziedzictwa kulturowego i budowanych w różnych rejo- nach świata na przestrzeni wieków. Zamieszczony przegląd obrazuje nie tylko ciągły postęp w technikach wznoszenia tego typu mostów, ale również różnorodność zastosowanych roz- wiązań konstrukcyjnych. Słowa kluczowe: most drewniany, dziedzictwo kulturowe, świadectwa historyczne, dawne rozwiązania konstrukcyjne * Prof. Ph.D. Doncho Partov, Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Radan Ivanov, Assist. Prof. Milen Petkov, D.Sc. Civ. Eng. Denislav Sergeev, Assist. Prof. Antoaneta Dimitrova, University of Structural Engineering and Architecture (VSU) “Lyuben Karavelov”, Sofia, Bulgaria. ** Ph.D. D.Sc. Mariusz Maślak, prof. CUT, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland. 94 1. Introduction Wood, in addition to stone, was probably one of the first building materials intentionally used by man to construct bridges. -
Rome Before Rome: the Role of Landscape Elements, DOI: 10.13128/Rv-7020 - Distributed Undertheterms Ofthecc-BY-4.0 Licence Press
Rome before Rome: the role of landscape elements, together with technological approaches, shaping the foundation of the Roman civilization ri-vista Federico Cinquepalmi Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research [email protected] 01 2019 Abstract Most of the ancient cities link their initial fortune to the uniqueness of their geographical po- sition: rivers, hills, islands and natural resources are playing a fundamental role in the game of seconda serie shaping a powerful future for any urban settlement. However, very few cities share the astonish- ing destiny of the City of Rome, where all those factors, together with the powerful boost of its citizen’s determination and their primitive but effective technologies, have contributed to design the fate of that urban area, establishing the basis of western civilization and giving a fundamen- tal contribution of all humankind. Keywords Archaic smart cities, knowledge management, strategic management, paleo-urban technol- ogies, ancient building environment, urban civilization, landscape analysis, urban history, geo- graphical analysis. Received: July 2019 / Accepted: August 2019 | © 2019 Author(s). Open Access issue/article(s) edited by QULSO, distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-4.0 and published by Firenze University Press. Licence for metadata: CC0 1.0 168 DOI: 10.13128/rv-7020 - www.fupress.net/index.php/ri-vista/ Cinquepalmi Introduction Etruscans held a strong flow of commerce both by After starting from small and humble beginnings, land and sea, especially on pottery and metallic ar- has grown to such dimensions that it begins to be tifacts like jewels and blades1. -
Pontefici, Sacra, Ius Sacrum*
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UnissResearch N. 4 – 2005 – Tradizione romana CRISTIANA M. A. RINOLFI Università di Sassari Livio 1.20.5-7: pontefici, sacra, ius sacrum* SOMMARIO: 1. L’istituzione del sacerdozio pontificale. – 2. Quibus hostiis sacra fierent. – 3. Quibus diebus sacra fierent. – 4. Ad quae templa sacra fierent. – 5. Atque unde in eos sumptus pecunia erogaretur. – 6. Cetera quoque omnia publica privataque sacra. – 7. Funebria. – 8. Prodigia. – 9. Potenzialità sistematiche del passo liviano. – 10. Adempimenti rituali. – 11. Conclusioni. Liv. 1.20.5-7: 5. [Numa] Pontificem deinde Numam Marcium Marci filium ex patribus legit eique sacra omnia exscripta exsignataque attribuit, quibus hostiis, quibus diebus, ad quae templa sacra fierent, atque unde in eos sumptus pecunia erogaretur. 6. Cetera quoque omnia publica privataque sacra pontificis scitis subiecit, ut esset quo consultum plebes veniret, ne quid divini iuris neglegendo patrios ritus peregrinosque adsciscendo turbaretur; 7. nec caelestes modo caerimonias, sed iusta quoque funebria placandosque manes ut idem pontifex edoceret, quaeque prodigia fulminibus aliove quo visu missa susciperentur atque curarentur. Ad ea elicienda ex mentibus divinis Iovi Elicio aram in Aventino dicavit, deumque consuluit auguriis quae suspicienda essent. 1. – L’ISTITUZIONE DEL SACERDOZIO PONTIFICALE I pontefici romani[1], fin dal loro apparire, si presentarono come esperti ufficiali dei riti[2] patri della religione romana[3]. La citata testimonianza di Livio in merito alla creazione del collegio dei pontefici[4] da parte di Numa Pompilio[5], mostra la peculiarità delle funzioni originarie di questi sacerdoti. Lo storico patavino, infatti, offre sul punto un racconto particolareggiato, in cui vengono elencate le vaste competenze pontificali.