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GSF), Which Since 2008 Has Committed Over $117 Million to Transform Lives in Developing Countries RESEARCH STUDY Scoping and Diagnosis of the Global Sanitation Fund’s Approach GLOBAL SANITATION FUND SANITATION GLOBAL to Equality and Non-Discrimination Authors: Dr. Sarah House, Suzanne Ferron, Dr. Sue Cavill With contributions from Dr. Jacques-Edouard Tiberghien, Partnerships in Practice | SCOPING AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE GLOBAL SANITATION FUND’S APPROACH TO EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION EQUALITY TO APPROACH FUND’S SANITATION OF THE GLOBAL SCOPING AND DIAGNOSIS About WSSCC The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) is at the heart of the global movement to improve sanitation and hygiene, so that all people can enjoy healthy and productive lives. Established in 1990, WSSCC is the only United Nations body devoted solely to the sanitation needs of the most vulnerable and marginalized people. In collaboration with our members in 141 countries, WSSCC advocates for the billions of people worldwide who lack access to good sanitation, shares solutions that empower communities, and operates the Global Sanitation Fund (GSF), which since 2008 has committed over $117 million to transform lives in developing countries. About GSF GSF invests in collective behaviour change approaches that enable large numbers of people in developing countries to improve their access to sanitation and adopt good hygiene practices. Established in 2008 by WSSCC, GSF is the only global fund solely dedicated to sanitation and hygiene. WSSCC gratefully acknowledges the donors that, through its lifetime, have made GSF’s work possible: the Governments of Australia, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Front cover photos (from top): Senegal: Adolescent girls discuss their sanitation needs. ©Suzanne Ferron Nepal: A Dalit woman and her daughter display their improved latrine. ©Sue Cavill Malawi: A sanitation champion from Lwanda Village, who had polio as a child, displays the sanitation facilities he constructed with the help of Natural Leaders. ©Suzanne Ferron Togo: A Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) triggering session in Togo. ©WSSCC Inside cover photo: Demonstrating effective handwashing in Benin. ©WSSCC/Asu Durmus Design: Stéphanie Gomez de la Torre (WSSCC) Column Communications Ltd Acknowledgements, terminologies and acronyms can be found on pages 126-129. ©2017 Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), hosted by the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). About WSSCC SCOPING AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE GLOBAL SANITATION FUND’S 1 The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) APPROACH TO EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION (EQND) is at the heart of the global movement to improve sanitation and hygiene, so that all people can enjoy healthy and productive lives. Established in 1990, WSSCC is the only United Nations body devoted solely to the sanitation needs of the most vulnerable and marginalized people. In collaboration ABSTRACT with our members in 141 countries, WSSCC advocates for the billions of people worldwide who lack access to good sanitation, shares solutions that empower communities, and operates the Global Sanitation Fund (GSF), which since 2008 has committed over The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) established the $117 million to transform lives in developing Global Sanitation Fund (GSF) in 2008. Since then, it has supported sanitation at scale countries. through collective behaviour change in 13 countries in Africa and Asia. In 2016, it initiated a learning process to identify and analyse key factors impacting on equality About GSF and non-discrimination (EQND) within the 13 GSF-supported programmes, in order to GSF invests in collective behaviour change strengthen programming and contribute to the sector knowledge base. Remote analy- approaches that enable large numbers of sis was undertaken of all 13 countries, with country visits to: Ethiopia, Malawi, Nepal, people in developing countries to improve Nigeria, Senegal and Togo. The process particularly focused on learning about the their access to sanitation and adopt good experiences and recommendations of people who may be considered disadvantaged hygiene practices. Established in 2008 by (which includes those who may be vulnerable, marginalized, excluded or experienc- WSSCC, GSF is the only global fund solely ing inequalities, inequities or stigma). dedicated to sanitation and hygiene. GSF has considered EQND in the initial identification of countries to work in and WSSCC gratefully acknowledges in prioritizing poorer and underserved geographical areas. As a result of this many the donors that, through its lifetime, people living in communities in poorer and underserved areas have gained access have made GSF’s work possible: the to and are using latrines, and people who may be considered disadvantaged within Governments of Australia, Finland, communities expressed a wide range of benefits which relate to safety, convenience, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, ease of use, self-esteem, health, dignity, improved environment, and in a few cases, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. income generation. Some have built their own latrines and others have been sup- ported by family or other community members, including other people who might be considered disadvantaged. Also, a number of examples were seen where people who might be considered disadvantaged have taken leadership roles within the pro- cess and used the opportunities to break down stereotypes of marginalized groups. Front cover photos (from top): But whilst acknowledging a range of positive outcomes and an increasing aware- Senegal: Adolescent girls discuss their ness and interest within programme teams to increase the consideration on EQND, sanitation needs. ©Suzanne Ferron GSF has not yet systematically integrated EQND into its work within communities Nepal: A Dalit woman and her daughter and throughout the programme components and stages in all of the programmes it display their improved latrine. ©Sue Cavill funds; although a range of different examples were seen where positive efforts have been made, particularly initiated from 2013/14 onwards. Malawi: A sanitation champion from Lwanda Village, who had polio as a child, displays the sanitation facilities he constructed with the The complexity of issues relating to EQND has caused barriers to effective respons- es, and gaps and challenges were also found. It is clear that Community-Led Total help of Natural Leaders. ©Suzanne Ferron Sanitation (CLTS) is not automatically inclusive if difference is not specifically rec- Togo: A Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) ognized and if people who are disadvantaged are not proactively considered at the triggering session in Togo. ©WSSCC forefront of each step. Examples of challenges identified have included that some people who are considered potentially disadvantaged (such as older people, people Inside cover photo: with disabilities, the poorest or marginalized) have fallen through the gaps or have Demonstrating effective handwashing in Benin. been put under pressure to build latrines, which has resulted in selling or losing lim- ©WSSCC/Asu Durmus ited assets. Challenges have also been expressed in relation to the sharing of latrines. Whilst it was not possible to establish the scale of these problems, the fact that a range Design: of examples were easily identified within the limits of the number of villages visited Stéphanie Gomez de la Torre (WSSCC) in this study, warrants greater attention within GSF and other programmes based on Column Communications Ltd CLTS and associated processes. Other areas that require increased attention by GSF and global actors are: how to engage appropriately with people with mental health Acknowledgements, terminologies and acronyms can be found conditions and how to facilitate discussions on accessibility options for people with on pages 126-129. disabilities and mobility limitations. There is a need for GSF to be more systematic in its consideration of EQND. Recommendations have been made for building on the ©2017 Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), examples of good practice, and responding to the identified gaps and challenges. hosted by the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). 2 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND CONTENTS List of tables 5 5 Findings – GSF: structural 30 List of figures 5 5.1 General approach of the Global Sanitation 1 Executive Summary 6 Fund to EQND 30 5.2 EQND in proposals and geographical 2 Introduction and structure targeting 31 of the report 16 5.3 PCM, EA and IP organizations and personnel 31 2.1 Background 16 5.3.1 Gender balance of staff and key 2.2 Purpose and terms of reference 17 programme stakeholders 31 2.3 Structure of the report 18 5.3.2 EQND-related advisors 32 2.4 focus of examples in the report 18 5.3.3 EQND-related policies, Code of conducts 32 3 Methodology and process 19 5.3.4 Capacities and confidence to consider EQND 32 3.1 Stages in process and schedule 19 5.4 Partnerships with EQND specialist 3.2 Principles 19 organizations 33 3.3 Conceptual framework 20 5.5 Finances for EQND 33 3.4 Methodologies 20 3.5 Selection criteria for countries and 6 Findings – GSF: programme 34 communities to visit 22 practices 3.6 People met during country visits and 6.1 Country programme modalities 34 involved in KIIs and on-line survey 23 6.1.1 Executing agencies (EA) 34 3.7 challenges and limitations 24 6.1.2 Implementing Partners (IPs) 34 4 Findings – external to GSF: 6.1.3 CLTS facilitators 34 25 action on EQND in sanitation 6.1.4 Natural
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