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2012 Twenty-Seven Years of Nominees & Winners FILM INDEPENDENT SPIRIT AWARDS
2012 Twenty-Seven Years of Nominees & Winners FILM INDEPENDENT SPIRIT AWARDS BEST FIRST SCREENPLAY 2012 NOMINEES (Winners in bold) *Will Reiser 50/50 BEST FEATURE (Award given to the producer(s)) Mike Cahill & Brit Marling Another Earth *The Artist Thomas Langmann J.C. Chandor Margin Call 50/50 Evan Goldberg, Ben Karlin, Seth Rogen Patrick DeWitt Terri Beginners Miranda de Pencier, Lars Knudsen, Phil Johnston Cedar Rapids Leslie Urdang, Dean Vanech, Jay Van Hoy Drive Michel Litvak, John Palermo, BEST FEMALE LEAD Marc Platt, Gigi Pritzker, Adam Siegel *Michelle Williams My Week with Marilyn Take Shelter Tyler Davidson, Sophia Lin Lauren Ambrose Think of Me The Descendants Jim Burke, Alexander Payne, Jim Taylor Rachael Harris Natural Selection Adepero Oduye Pariah BEST FIRST FEATURE (Award given to the director and producer) Elizabeth Olsen Martha Marcy May Marlene *Margin Call Director: J.C. Chandor Producers: Robert Ogden Barnum, BEST MALE LEAD Michael Benaroya, Neal Dodson, Joe Jenckes, Corey Moosa, Zachary Quinto *Jean Dujardin The Artist Another Earth Director: Mike Cahill Demián Bichir A Better Life Producers: Mike Cahill, Hunter Gray, Brit Marling, Ryan Gosling Drive Nicholas Shumaker Woody Harrelson Rampart In The Family Director: Patrick Wang Michael Shannon Take Shelter Producers: Robert Tonino, Andrew van den Houten, Patrick Wang BEST SUPPORTING FEMALE Martha Marcy May Marlene Director: Sean Durkin Producers: Antonio Campos, Patrick Cunningham, *Shailene Woodley The Descendants Chris Maybach, Josh Mond Jessica Chastain Take Shelter -
Four Star Films, Box Office Hits, Indies and Imports, Movies A
Four Star Films, Box Office Hits, Indies and Imports, Movies A - Z FOUR STAR FILMS Top rated movies and made-for-TV films airing the week of the week of June 27 - July 3, 2021 American Graffiti (1973) Cinemax Mon. 4:12 a.m. The Exorcist (1973) TMC Sun. 8 p.m. Father of the Bride (1950) TCM Sun. 3:15 p.m. Finding Nemo (2003) Freeform Sat. 3:10 p.m. Forrest Gump (1994) Paramount Mon. 7 p.m. Paramount Mon. 10 p.m. VH1 Wed. 4 p.m. VH1 Wed. 7:30 p.m. Giant (1956) TCM Mon. 3 a.m. Glory (1989) Encore Sun. 11:32 a.m. Encore Sun. 9 p.m. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1967) Sundance Sun. 3:30 p.m. L.A. Confidential (1997) Encore Sun. 7:39 a.m. Encore Sun. 11:06 p.m. The Lady Vanishes (1938) TCM Sun. 3:30 a.m. The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) TCM Sun. 10:45 a.m. The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934) TCM Sun. 11:15 p.m. Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953) TCM Mon. 8:30 p.m. North by Northwest (1959) TCM Sat. 12:15 p.m. Once (2006) Cinemax Mon. 2:44 a.m. Ordinary People (1980) EPIX Tues. 3:45 p.m. Psycho (1960) TCM Sun. 5 p.m. Rear Window (1954) TCM Sat. 7:15 p.m. Saving Private Ryan (1998) BBC America Wed. 8 p.m. BBC America Thur. 4 p.m. Shadow of a Doubt (1943) TCM Sat. 9:15 p.m. -
35 Years of Nominees and Winners 36
3635 Years of Nominees and Winners 2021 Nominees (Winners in bold) BEST FEATURE JOHN CASSAVETES AWARD BEST MALE LEAD (Award given to the producer) (Award given to the best feature made for under *RIZ AHMED - Sound of Metal $500,000; award given to the writer, director, *NOMADLAND and producer) CHADWICK BOSEMAN - Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom PRODUCERS: Mollye Asher, Dan Janvey, ADARSH GOURAV - The White Tiger Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, Chloé Zhao *RESIDUE WRITER/DIRECTOR: Merawi Gerima ROB MORGAN - Bull FIRST COW PRODUCERS: Neil Kopp, Vincent Savino, THE KILLING OF TWO LOVERS STEVEN YEUN - Minari Anish Savjani WRITER/DIRECTOR/PRODUCER: Robert Machoian PRODUCERS: Scott Christopherson, BEST SUPPORTING FEMALE MA RAINEY’S BLACK BOTTOM Clayne Crawford PRODUCERS: Todd Black, Denzel Washington, *YUH-JUNG YOUN - Minari Dany Wolf LA LEYENDA NEGRA ALEXIS CHIKAEZE - Miss Juneteenth WRITER/DIRECTOR: Patricia Vidal Delgado MINARI YERI HAN - Minari PRODUCERS: Alicia Herder, Marcel Perez PRODUCERS: Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, VALERIE MAHAFFEY - French Exit Christina Oh LINGUA FRANCA WRITER/DIRECTOR/PRODUCER: Isabel Sandoval TALIA RYDER - Never Rarely Sometimes Always NEVER RARELY SOMETIMES ALWAYS PRODUCERS: Darlene Catly Malimas, Jhett Tolentino, PRODUCERS: Sara Murphy, Adele Romanski Carlo Velayo BEST SUPPORTING MALE BEST FIRST FEATURE SAINT FRANCES *PAUL RACI - Sound of Metal (Award given to the director and producer) DIRECTOR/PRODUCER: Alex Thompson COLMAN DOMINGO - Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom WRITER: Kelly O’Sullivan *SOUND OF METAL ORION LEE - First -
Motherandchild Presskit FINAL
Sony Pictures Classics In Association With Everest Entertainment Presents A Mockingbird Pictures Production MOTHER AND CHILD A Film by Rodrigo Garcia Naomi Watts Annette Bening Kerry Washington Jimmy Smits and Samuel L. Jackson Producers: Lisa Maria Falcone, Julie Lynn Executive Producer: Alejandro González Iñárritu Running Time: 126 Minutes Camera: Genesis Exhibited on 35mm print East Coast Publicity West Coast Publicity Distributor Falco Ink. Block Korenbrot Sony Pictures Classics Janice Roland Melody Korenbrot Carmelo Pirrone Erin Bruce Rebecca Fisher Lindsay Macik Annie McDonough Judy Chang 550 Madison Ave 850 7th Avenue, Suite 1005 110 S. Fairfax Ave, #310 New York, NY 10022 New York, NY 10019 Los Angeles, CA 90036 212-833-8833 tel 212-445-7100 tel 323-634-7001 tel 212-833-8844 fax 212-445-0623 fax 323-634-7030 fax MOTHER AND CHILD Synopsis Three women's lives share a common core: they have all been profoundly affected by adoption. KAREN (Annette Bening) had a baby at 14, gave her up at birth, and has been haunted ever since by the daughter she never knew. ELIZABETH (Naomi Watts) grew up as an adopted child; she's a bright and ambitious lawyer, but a flinty loner in her personal life. LUCY (Kerry Washington) is just embarking with her husband on the adoption odyssey, looking for a baby to become their own. Karen lives with her elderly mother NORA (Eileen Ryan), works as a physical therapist in a rehabilitation clinic, and relies on SOFIA (Elpidia Carrillo) to look after Nora and their home while she is working. While Karen and Nora barely speak, Karen keeps up a silent monologue addressed to her absent daughter, writing journal entries and letters never to be sent. -
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Reminder List of Eligible Releases for Distinguished Achievements during 2006 http://www.oscars.org/79academyawards/reminder/ Reminder List of Productions Eligible for Awards All films that have qualified for consideration for 2006 Academy Awards in the non-specialized categories are listed alphabetically by title. Voters making selections in their own branch categories list only film titles on their ballots, not the individuals responsible for the various achievements. For that reason, as well as for reasons of printing time and convenience of using this pamphlet, full credit rosters are not provided for the listed films. An exception to the above exists in the four Acting categories, where simply listing titles would not provide enough voting information. Actors Branch members filling out their Nominations ballots must indicate both titles and the particular performers they are voting for. For that reason, the Reminder List provides a listing of up to fifty cast members for each film. Pictures eligible in the Animated Feature Film, Documentary Feature and Foreign Language Film categories are also eligible in the Best Picture category, provided they meet the qualifications for the category. Foreign Language films are eligible for awards in other categories provided they meet the requirements of Awards Rules Two and Three. Copyright © 2006 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Oscar statuette copyright 1941 by, and registered trademark of, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-942102-49-5 First published in 2006 Printed in the United States of America ABOMINABLE Matt McCoy. -
T. Teshome Complete Dissertation June 2019 - Google Docs
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE From Pursuing Innocence to Ensuing Innocence: How Performance Can Empower Youth to Access and Establish Shared Governance in Juvenile Justice A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Drama and Theatre by Tezeru Teshome Committee in charge: University of California San Diego Professor Nadine George-Graves, Chair Professor Julie Burelle Professor Sara C. Kaplan Professor K. Wayne Yang University of California Irvine Professor Frank B. Wilderson III 2019 © Tezeru Teshome, 2019 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Tezeru Teshome is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California San Diego University of California Irvine 2019 !iii DEDICATION I dedicate this to my mother who always asks if I remember. !iv EPIGRAPH The intensity with which young people live demands that they ‘blank out’ as often as possible. Dr. Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings !v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………….……………………….…..iii Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………..……iv Epigraph………………………………………………………………………………………..….v -
The Issue of Entertainment Today
MOVIE TIMES | INTERVIEWS | REVIEWS | CROSSWORD & GAMES A look back at the winners, losers, players, and bawlers who made this year’s Emmy Awards memorable André 3000 and Big Boi of OutKast go back to their roots in the musical/period piece/gangster film extravaganza Idlewild Gossip, gossip, gossip! by Janos Gereben Tom Cruise goes crazy, Kate goes with Owen, Find out what’s wrong and with writer-director Elton John Nora Ephron’s neck, goes as we look deep inside hip-hop her new autobiographical book || SEPTEMBER 1-7, 2006 ENTERTAINMENT TODAY || ENTERTAINMENT TODAY, SEPTEMBER 1-7, 2006 ENTERTAINMENTVOL. 38|NO. 47|SEPTEMBER 1-7, 2006 TODAYINCE S 1967 PUBLISHER KRIS CHIN MANAGING EDITOR CECILIA TSAI EDITOR MATHEW KLICKSTEIN ART PRODUCTION DAVID TAGARDA TECHNICAL SUPERVISOR KATSUYUKI UENO COPY EDITOR JULIAN CAMILLIERI WRITERS JESSE ALBA ADAM BARNICK FRANK BARRON KATE E. BROOKS AMY BOWKER 18 IDLEWILD 10 NORA EPHRON JULIAN CAMILLIERI WARREN CURRY BROOKE DAMMKOEHLER INDEX CLAYSON DEBURGER JOSEPH FEINSTEIN SHIRLEY FIRESTONE JANOS GEREBEN 16 EMMY AWARDS SCRAPBOOK MICHAEL GUILLÉN ORMLY GUMFUDGIN Entertainment Today shows you the best and worst moments of the 2006 Emmy Awards. Check out JONATHAN W. HICKMAN the statuettes, the celebs, and those indulgent after-parties... TRAVIS MICHAEL HOLDER TINA KIM KAT KRAMER M. Y. LEE MICHAEL LEVINE MUSIC MOVIES ERIC LURIO RUBEN MACBLUE 12 A NICE OUTING WITH THE FAMILY 18 ART FILM OF THE WEEK with Aaron Sheley MARY MALLORY Rock City’s Revn Kevn reviews the Family Values Tour. SCOTT MANTZ 20 BABBLING ABOUT BABBIT’S NEW BABY TONY MEDLEY 12 WHAT KIND OF TRIP IS THIS?! Director Jamie Babbit’s latest film, The Quiet, gets hushed by DAWN MILLER MIA PERRY Russ Rodriguez of Rock City News reviews a concert of Heavenly Janos Gereben. -
Barden / Schnee Casting, Inc
BARDEN / SCHNEE CASTING, INC. EMMY Nomination – Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries: The Bronx is Burning (ESPN) EMMY Nomination— Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series: Sex and the City (HBO) FEATURE FILM / TELEVISION PROJECTS SNOW WHITE 3-D (Relativity, Tucker Tooley, Robbie Brenner, Bernie Goldmann, Producers) Director: Tarsem. Now Casting DOLPHIN TALE (Alcon Entertainment) Director: Charles Martin Smith. Cast thus far: Harry Connick, Jr., Ashley Judd, Morgan Freeman THE HELP (DreamWorks / 1492 Productions, Chris Columbus, Executive Producer, in production) Director: Tate Taylor. Cast: Viola Davis, Emma Stone, Allison Janney, Chris Lowell, Octavia Spencer, Jessica Chastain, Bryce Dallas Howard, Frances McDormand, Dana Ivey, Mike Vogel MACHINE GUN PREACHER (Relativity / Lion’s Gate, Robbie Brenner, Craig Chapman, producers) Director: Marc Forster. Cast: Gerard Butler, Michelle Monaghan, Kathy Baker, Michael Shannon, Souleymane Sy Savane DAMSELS IN DISTRESS (Independent) Director: Whit Stillman PEACE, LOVE & MISUNDERSTANDING (BCDF Pictures, Claude Dal Farra, Jonathan Burkhart, producers, in production) Director: Bruce Beresford. Cast: Jane Fonda, Catherine Keener, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Chace Crawford, Elizabeth Olsen, Nat Wolff. GENERATION UM (Independent, Alison Palmer and Caroline Kaplan, producers) Director: Mark L. Mann. Cast thus far: Keanu Reeves WINTER’S BONE (Anonymous Content, Alix Madigan, Anne Rosellini producers); Director: Debra Granik. Cast: Jennifer Lawrence, John Hawkes, Garret Dillahunt, Sheryl Lee, Dale Dickey, Tate -
Four Star Films, Box Office Hits, Indies and Imports, Movies A
Four Star Films, Box Office Hits, Indies and Imports, Movies A - Z FOUR STAR FILMS Top rated movies and made-for-TV films airing the week of the week of Aug 8 - 14, 2021 Almost Famous (2000) Sundance Sun. 1:30 p.m. Sundance Mon. 2:30 a.m. IFC Sat. 10:05 p.m. The Conversation (1974) EPIX Thur. 6:05 p.m. The Dark Knight (2008) Paramount Sat. 2:30 p.m. Paramount Sat. 8:30 p.m. The Godfather, Part II (1974) AMC Tues. 11 p.m. AMC Wed. 3:30 p.m. The Godfather (1972) AMC Tues. 7 p.m. AMC Wed. 11:30 a.m. Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Showtime Tues. 7:30 a.m. Jaws (1975) AMC Thur. 8 p.m. AMC Fri. 2:30 p.m. The Little Mermaid (1989) Freeform Sat. 2:10 p.m. Once (2006) Cinemax Wed. 1:25 p.m. Pulp Fiction (1994) AMC Mon. 3:30 p.m. AMC Tues. 9 a.m. Saving Private Ryan (1998) Showtime Sun. 1 p.m. Showtime Fri. 9:30 p.m. The Shawshank Redemption (1994) BBC America Tues. 8 p.m. BBC America Tues. 11 p.m. AMC Wed. 8 p.m. AMC Thur. 5 p.m. The Silence of the Lambs (1991) Ovation Sat. 8 p.m. Star Wars: A New Hope (1977) TNT Sun. 12:30 p.m. Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) TNT Sun. 3:15 p.m. The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927) TCM Thur. 3 p.m. -
Patrick Kennedy. Ali Rhodes. Daniel Mays. Nila Aalia. Stephen Hudson
Patrick Kennedy. Ali Rhodes. Daniel Mays. Nila Aalia. Stephen Hudson. Giannina Facio. Lionel Briand. Maria Papas. Igor Panich. Oleg Sosnovikov. Magali Woch. Valeria Bruni Tedeschi. Jacques Herlin. Catriona MacColl. Patrick Payet. Felicite Du Jeu. Mitchell Mullen. Judi Dickerson. Gilles Gaston-Dreyfus. Philippe Mery. Dominique Laurent. Stewart Wright. Tom Stuart. Catherine Vinatier. Marine Casto. Gregg Chillin. Toney Tutini. GRANDMA'S BOY Linda Cardellini. Allen Covert. Peter Dante. Shirley Jones. Shirley Knight. Joel David Moore. Kevin Nealon. Doris Roberts. Nick Swardson. Jonah Hill. Kelvin Yu. Abdoulaye N'Gom. Chuck Church. Scott Halberstadt. Heidi Hawking. Shana Hiatt. Todd Holland. John Kirk. Geno Kirkland. Joe Koons. Bryan Ling. Jonathan Loughran. Ross Mark. Katherine Ann McGregor. Kevin Nash. Jen Sung Outerbridge. Evan Paley. Randal Reeder. Bryan Ross. Rob Schneider. David Spade. Ted Stryker. Natalie Walk. GRIDIRON GANG Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. Xzibit. Kevin Dunn. Leon Rippy. Jade Yorker. Setu Taase. Trever O'Brien. David Thomas. Mo. Brandon Mychal Smith. Danny Martinez. Michael J. Pagan. Jurnee Smollett. Jamal Mixon. James Earl III. Michael Jace. L. Scott Caldwell. Anna Maria Horsford. Brett Cullen. Dan Martin. Omari Hardwick. Artie Baxter. Joseph Seo. Joseph Lucero. Robert Zepeda. Six Reasons. Omari Hughes. Adam Clark. Mary Mara. Garrett M. Brown. Nafeesa Monroe. Marcia Jeffries. Charles Walker. Emil Pinnock. Kelli Dawn Hancock. Stevie Walsh, Jr.. Scott Thomas Cameron. Bruce Katzman. Asenati Satele. Shane Woolaston. Sonya Eddy. Gregory Farr. Melissa-Anne Davenport. Ambrit Millhouse. Phil Reeves. Danny Mora. Walter Saunders III. Robert Cawley, Jr.. Michael C. Mahon. Brian Oblak. THE GROUND TRUTH THE GRUDGE 2 Amber Tamblyn. Arielle Kebbel. Jennifer Beals. Edison Chen. -
Title ID Titlename Category Name Starring Starring D0872 15
Title ID TitleName Category Name Starring Starring D0872 15 MINUTES Action ROBERT DE NIRO EDWARD BURNS D2238 13 MOONS Adventure STEVE BUSCEMI PETER DINKLAGE D2323 13 GOING ON 30 Comedy JENNIFER GARNER MARK RUFFALO D2365 10.5 Action KIM DELANEY BEAU BRIDGES D7019 102 DALMATIANS Childrens GLENN CLOSE GERARD DEPARDIEU D7359 15 PARK AVENUE Family SHABANA AZMI KONKONA SENSHARMA D7589 16 BLOCKS Action BRUCE WILLIS MOS DEF D7615 18 FINGERS OF DEATH Comedy JAMES LEW PAT MORITA D7708 100 DAYS Drama DAVID MULWA DAVIS KWIZERA D7737 10.5 APOCALYPSE Action KIM DELANEY DEAN CAIN D7862 10TH & WOLF Action VAL KILMER DENNIS HOPPER D8276 1971 Family MANOJ BAJPAI RAVI KISHAN D8351 10 ITEMS OR LESS Comedy MORGAN FREEMAN PAZ VEGA D8370 15 MINUTES Action ROBERT DE NIRO EDWARD BURNS D8374 13 GOING ON 30 Comedy JENNIFER GARNER MARK RUFFALO D8473 THE 13TH WARRIOR Thriller / Suspense ANTONIO BANDERAS OMAR SHARIF D8771 1408 STEPHEN KING'S Horror SAMUEL L JACKSON JOHN CUSACK D8969 101 DALMATIANS II PATCHS LONDONAnimated ADV D9139 12 MONKEYS Action BRUCE WILLIS BRAD PITT D9266 1947 EARTH Drama AAMIR KHAN NANDITA DAS D9419 THE 11TH HOUR Documentary NARRATED - LEONARDO DICAPRIO D9642 10,000 B.C. Action STEVEN STRAIT CAMILLA BELLE D10008 1000 PLACES TO SEE BEFORE YOUDocumentary DIE COLLECTION 2 D10014 1920 Horror RAJNEESH DUGGAI ADAH SHARMA D10213 10 ITEMS OR LESS SEASON 1 N 2 Series / Season D10518 187 Action SAMUEL L JACKSON JOHN HEARD D10615 13 B Horror NEETU CHANDRA POONAM DHILLON D10835 12 ROUNDS Action JOHN CENA ASHLEY SCOTT D10920 12 (FOREIGN) Drama SERGEY MAKOVETSKY -
Education Movies and the Promotion of One Dimensional Thinking: a Marcusean Examination of Films Made Between 2005 and 2017
EDUCATION MOVIES AND THE PROMOTION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL THINKING: A MARCUSEAN EXAMINATION OF FILMS MADE BETWEEN 2005 AND 2017 by Graham Birrell Canterbury Christ Church University Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Education 2019 0 1 CONTENTS THE CREDITS: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 PREFACE CONTRIBUTION TO PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 4 ABSTRACT 7 CHAPTER 1 THE DIRTY COMMUNIST DOG: INTRODUCING MARCUSE AND THE MOVIES 8 CHAPTER 2 OFFER WEAPON: NEOLIBERALISM AND EDUCATION IN BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES 18 CHAPTER 3 NOT QUITE MY TEMPO: THE SCHOLARLY RECEPTION OF EDUCATION IN THE MOVIES 33 CHAPTER 4 METHOD ACTING: CRITICAL THEORY, HERBERT MARCUSE AND THE DIALECTIC 56 4.1 BOYZ ‘N THE HOOD: THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL AND POPULAR CULTURE 57 4.2 CROUCHING TIGER, HIDDEN DRAGON: MARCUSE AND ONE DIMENSIONAL THINKING 67 4.3 FACE/OFF: THE DIALECTIC 80 4.4 VICE: CONSIDERING METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS 86 CHAPTER 5 THE DIRECTOR’S CUT: SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE FILM SAMPLE 92 CHAPTER 6 THE DIALECTIC OF THE CELLULOID SCHOOL 98 6.1 TRUE GRIT: PERFORMANCE REGNANT 99 6.2 DAWN OF THE DEAD: REPRESSIVE DESUBLIMATION 111 6.3 TOUCHING THE VOID: GREAT REFUSAL AND REPRESSIVE TOLERANCE 124 6.4 OBLIVION: EDUCATIONAL HAPPY UNCONSCIOUSNESS 134 CHAPTER 7 PRAXIS 145 CHAPTER 8 FINAL SCENE: CONCLUSIONS 158 BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 APPENDICES 196 APPENDIX 1 MOVIE LONG LIST 197 APPENDIX 2 MOVIE SYNOPSIS 200 2 THE CREDITS: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without question, my greatest thanks are to my family. They grew accustomed to not seeing me for long periods, time I spent at the bottom of the garden in ‘the shed’ where I wrote much of this thesis.