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Copepoda: Pontellidae Zoological Studies 48(4): 508-523 (2009) Labidocera Species (Copepoda: Pontellidae) in Waters of the Tsushima Warm Current with Notes on Their Genital Structure and Zoogeography Hyeon Gyeong Jeong1, Hae-Lip Suh1, Sun Beom Jeong2, Yang Ho Yoon2, and Ho Young Soh2,* 1Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea 2Division of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 550-749, Korea (Accepted December 23, 2008) Hyeon Gyeong Jeong, Hae-Lip Suh, Sun Beom Jeong, Yang Ho Yoon, and Ho Young Soh (2009) Labidocera species (Copepoda: Pontellidae) in waters of the Tsushima Warm Current with notes on their genital structure and zoogeography. Zoological Studies 48(4): 508-523. Neustonic calanoid copepods were collected monthly between Apr. 2002 and Mar. 2003 in the northeastern area of the East China Sea. Seven species of the genus Labidocera Lubbock were identified, 5 of which were found in the months of Aug. to Oct. when the Tsushima Warm Current flows strongly into the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Of these, we redescribe 4 species, L. acutifrons (Dana), L. detruncata (Dana), L. kröyeri (Brady), and L. minuta Giesbrecht and describe the female external genitalia and their zoogeography. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/48.4/508.pdf Key words: Redescription, Female external genital structure, Neustonic copepods, East China Sea. The genus Labidocera Lubbock (1853) female external genitalia and their zoogeography. presently comprises up to 52 species, mainly inhabiting surface waters (0-30 cm layer) of tropical to warm temperate regions. Their assemblages MATERIALS AND METHODS are often good indicators of different or distinctive water masses (Sherman 1963 1964, Matsuo and Neustonic zooplankton were collected monthly Marumo 1982, Razouls et al. 2008). In Korean from Apr. 2002 to Mar. 2003 at 16 stations in the waters, 4 species (L. acuta (Dana), L. euchaeta surface layer (< 30 cm deep) of the northeastern Giesbrecht, L. rotunda Mori as L. bipinnata Tanaka, area of the East China Sea, using a David-Hempel and L. pavo Giesbrecht) are found in neritic waters neuston net (with a mesh size of 0.3 mm; Hydro- (Kim 1985). In this study, 4 species (L. acutifrons Bios model 300) towed for 10 min at a speed (Dana), L. detruncata (Dana), L. kröyeri (Brady), of 2.5 knots (1.3 m/s; see Fig. 1 in Jeong et al. and L. minuta Giesbrecht) were newly recorded 2008). Samples were fixed with 5% neutralized offshore in the northeastern area of the East China formalin/seawater immediately after capture. Sea during summer to fall (Aug. to Oct.) when the All Labidocera species were sorted from the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) prevails in that zooplankton samples. Specimens were dissected area (Seung 1992). and mounted in CMC-10, and illustrated with an Since the historical descriptions of these 4 optical microscope (Nikon 80i) equipped with a species were often not given in sufficient detail drawing tube. The rostrum and genital double (e.g., Brady 1883, Mori 1937 (1964), Wilson 1950, somite of the females were also examined with a Tanaka 1964, Chen and Zhang 1965, Zhang et al. scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-3000N). 1965, Silas and Pillai 1973, Zheng et al. 1982), we Morphological terminology followed Huys and provide redescriptions with additional focus on the Boxshall (1991). We directly confirmed references * To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Tel: 82-61-6593191. Fax: 82-61-6593199. E-mail:[email protected] 508 Jeong et al. – Labidocera Species in the Tsushima Warm Current 509 using the synonymies. Pontella acutifrons: Dana 1849, 30 (type locality: Kingsmill, western Pacific Ocean); Brady 1883, 91, pl. 35, Figs. 1-13. Pontellina acutifrons: Dana 1852, 1149, pl. 80, Fig. 11. Labidocera acutifrons: Giesbrecht 1893, 445, 447, 454, 458, TAXONOMY 460, pl. 23, Figs. 2, 12, 30, 33, 40, 41, pl. 41, Figs. 3, 26, 41; Giesbrecht and Schmeil 1898, 134; Farran 1936, 116; Labidocera acutifrons (Dana, 1849) Wilson 1950, 242, pl. 11, figs. 124, 125; Tanaka 1964, (Figs. 1-3, 9A, D, G) 253, fig. 231a-f; Knudsen and Wolff 1965, 187; Owre and Foyo 1967, 97, Figs. 696, 697, 702; Silas and Pillai 1973, 793, Fig. 8a-c; Greenwood 1979, 97; Zheng et al. 1982, (A) (B) (C) XXI 10 μm 50 μm (D) (E) R L 10 μm 10 μm Fig. 1. Labidocera acutifrons. Female: (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) habitus, right lateral view; (C) antennule; (D) urosome, ventral view; (E) 5th leg. 510 Zoological Studies 48(4): 508-523 (2009) 73, Fig. 43; Bradford-Grieve 1999, 188, Fig. 136e, f. completely separated; 4th and 5th pedigerous somites incompletely fused; posterior corners of Materials examined: 4 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ collected prosome directed slightly outwards with acute from northeastern area of East China Sea triangular processes. Cephalosome with median (34°26'N, 127°34'E) 20 Aug. 2002. Of these, 2 crest and pair of dorsal lenses; rostrum bifid, females and both males were dissected. gap between rostral rami narrow (Figs. 1A, 9A). Female: Body length 3.49-3.67 mm (n = 4). Urosome 3 segmented: genital double somite Prosome (Figs. 1A, B) cylindrical without lateral onion-shaped, asymmetrical, with small lateral hooks: cephalosome and 1st pedigerous somite lump on right side bearing genital operculum (Figs. (A) (B) (C) (D) A-D, F 10 μm (E) (F) 10 μm Fig. 2. Labidocera acutifrons. Female: (A) antenna; (B) mandibular gnathobasic cutting edge; (C) mandibular palp; (D) maxilla; (E) maxillule; (F) maxilliped. Jeong et al. – Labidocera Species in the Tsushima Warm Current 511 1D, 9D, G); 2nd urosomite 1.5 times wider than completely fused, forming allobasis, bearing long, with elongated process on right distal margin 4 setae; 2nd endopodal segment with 9 and 7 that extends straight posteriorly; anal somite setae on proximal and distal lobes, respectively, covered to 2nd urosomite, anal operculum extend distal one armed with row of posterior spinules; posteriad and slightly to the right; caudal rami exopod 6 segmented, with setal formula of 1, 4, strongly asymmetrical, left ramus larger than right, 2, 1, 1, 3. Mandible (Figs. 2B, C) with large coxal left ramus bearing 7 setae: 2 inner setae (I and gnathobase (Fig. 2B) and biramous palp (Fig. 2C): II), 3 terminal setae (III-V) proximally thickened, gnathobase bearing 5 teeth along its distomedial 2 outer setae (VI and VII), right ramus with 6 margin and dorsal seta; 3rd and 4th dorsalmost setae except for dorsal seta (VII). Antennule teeth bicuspidate; patch of dagger-like spinules (Fig. 1C) symmetrical, 23 segmented; posterior ornamented on base of 3rd-5th dorsalmost teeth; margin of 2nd-12th segments fringed with fine basis of mandibular palp bearing 4 elongated hairs; ancestral segments II-IV and XXVII-XXVIII setae; endopod 2 segmented, with setal formula completely fused while VII-IX incompletely fused. of 4, 8; exopod 5 segmented, with setal formula of Fusion pattern and setal formula as follows: 1, 1, 1, 1, 2. Maxillule (Fig. 2D): praecoxal arthrite I-3+ae (aesthetasc), II-IV-4+ae, V-2+ae, VI-2, VII- with 16 setae; coxa with 3 setae on endite and IX-6+2ae, X-2, XI-2+ae, XII-2, XIII-2+ae, XIV- 9 setae on epipodite; basis with 4 and 3 setae 2+ae, XV-2+ae, XVI-2+ae, XVII-2+ae, XVIII-2+ae, on proximal and distal endite, respectively, with XIX-2+ae, XX-2+ae, XXI-2+ae, XXII-1, XXIII-1, 1 seta on exite; 1st and 2nd endopod segments, XXIV-1+1, XXV-1+1+ae, XXVI-2, XXVII-XXVIII- each with 2 setae, incorporated into basis, distal 4+ae. Antenna (Fig. 2A) biramous: coxa with endopod segment with 5 apical setae; exopod 1 plumose seta; basis and 1st endopodal segment segmented, with 10 setae and 1 setule distally. (A) (B) (C) (D) 10 μm Fig. 3. Labidocera acutifrons. Female: (A) right leg 1; (B) left leg 2; (C) left leg 3; (D) left leg 4. 512 Zoological Studies 48(4): 508-523 (2009) Maxilla (Fig. 2E) uniramous: 1st praecoxal endite 3; basis fringed with row of small teeth subdistally bearing 6 setae, 2nd one with 3 setae; 2 coxal and bearing 2 setae distally; 1st endopodal endites each with 3 setae; basis with 3 setae; segment with 2 setae incompletely incorporated endopod 4 segmented, with setal formula of 1, 2, 2, into basis; endopod 4 segmented, with setal 2. Maxilliped (Fig. 2F) uniramous: praecoxa and formula of 2, 1, 1, 3. Swimming legs 1-4 with 2 coxa completely fused, with setal formula of 0, 2, 3, segmented endopods and 3 segmented exopods (A) (B) (C) 50 μm 10 μm XIX (D) (E) L 10 μm R (F) 10 μm 10 μm Fig. 4. Labidocera acutifrons. Male: (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) habitus, left lateral view; (C) right antennule; (D) ancestral segments XIX-XXIV in right antennule; (E) 5th leg; (F) 2nd and 3rd segments of right 5th leg. Jeong et al. – Labidocera Species in the Tsushima Warm Current 513 (Figs. 3A-D): coxa bearing inner seta; basis of leg inner spine; 3rd segment bifid, longer segment 4 with tiny outer seta. Seta and spine formula as bearing 3 setae, shorter segment with elongated follows (spines, Roman numerals; setae, Arabic seta distally; coxa of left exopod coalesced into numerals): intercoxal sclerite; basis and rudimentary endopod fused; endopod with peculiar twisted and laciniate Exopodal Endopodal appendage; exopod 2 segmented, 1st segment Coxa Basis segment segment with small distal spine; 2nd segment bearing 4 spines and inner hirsute border. Leg 1 0-1 0-0 I-1; I-1; II,I,4 0-3; 1,2,3 Remarks: Labidocera acutifrons is easily Leg 2 0-1 0-0 I-1; I-1; III,I,5 0-3; 2,2,4 distinguished by the anterior crest, the absence Leg 3 0-1 0-0 I-1; I-1; III,I,5 0-3; 2,2,4 of lateral cephalic hooks, and the structure of the Leg 4 0-1 1-0 I-1; I-1; III,I,5 0-3; 2,2,3 5th legs of both sexes.
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