Going Offshore and Mid-Shore
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To: the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. 360 Madison Avenue, 16Th Floor New York, NY 10017 United States of America
To: The International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. 360 Madison Avenue, 16th floor New York, NY 10017 United States of America 803591 MSJ/the Copenhagen, 13 May 2016 [email protected] Doc. no. 1365342 Dear Sirs Validity and Enforceability under Danish law of Close-out Netting under the ISDA Master Agreements In this opinion we consider the validity and enforceability under Danish law of the termination, bilateral close-out netting and multibranch netting provi- sions of the 1987, 1992 and 2002 ISDA Master Agreements1 (each an “ISDA Master Agreement” and collectively, the “ISDA Master Agreements”) published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”). Our opinion also includes certain advice on the following standard form doc- uments published by ISDA: (i) the 2001 ISDA Cross-Agreement Bridge (the “2001 Bridge”); and (ii) the 2002 ISDA Energy Agreement Bridge (the “2002 Bridge”). Capitalised terms used herein that are not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the ISDA Master Agreement. 1 The 1987 ISDA Interest Rate and Currency Exchange Agreement and the 1987 ISDA Interest Rate Swap Agreement (collectively referred to as the “1987 ISDA Master Agreements”) pub- lished in March 1987 by ISDA, the 1992 ISDA Master Agreement (Multicurrency – Cross Bor- der) (the “Cross Border Agreement”) and the 1992 ISDA Master Agreement (Local Currency – Single Jurisdiction) (the “Single Jurisdiction Agreement”) and, together with the Cross Border Agreement, the “1992 ISDA Master Agreements”) published in June 1992 by ISDA and the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement, published in January 2003 by ISDA (the “2002 ISDA Master Agreement”). -
ROBERT M. JARVIS Nova Southeastern University Shepard
ROBERT M. JARVIS Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad College of Law 3305 College Avenue Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7721 Telephone: (954) 873-9173 Telefax: (954) 262-3835 E-mail: [email protected] Web page: https://www.law.nova.edu/faculty/full-time-faculty/jarvis-robert.html Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nSfes2IAAAAJ Current to September 1, 2021 ________________________________________________________________________ EDUCATION LL.M., New York University, 1986 J.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1983 B.A. with distinction, Northwestern University, 1980 (elected to Phi Beta Kappa) EMPLOYMENT Assistant, then Associate, now Professor of Law, Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 1987 to present (tenured since 1992) Current Courses: American Legal History (S); Florida Constitutional Law; Gambling Law; International Litigation; Maritime Law; Professional Responsibility Current Faculty Committee: Ad Hoc Disciplinary Rules Committee (chair) Past Courses: Advanced Professional Responsibility; AIDS and the Law (S); Arbitration; Art Law; Aviation Law; Baseball and the Law; Contracts; Current Constitutional Problems (S); Higher Education Law (S); International Arbitration; International Business Transactions; International Law; Law and Society (S); Patents; Sports Law; Theater Law; Travel Law 2 Past Faculty Committees: Academic Disciplinary Board (chair); Adjuncts; Admissions; Appointments; Bar Examination; Bar Gift Award; Career Services (chair); Copyright/Fair Use; Faculty-Administration Interface -
Expanding the Bankruptcy Code: the Use of Section 362 and Section 105 to Protect Solvent Executives of Debtor Corporations, 58 Brook
Brooklyn Law Review Volume 58 | Issue 3 Article 7 3-1-1992 Expanding the Bankruptcy Code: The seU of Section 362 and Section 105 to Protect Solvent Executives of Debtor Corporations Elizabeth H. Winchester Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr Recommended Citation Elizabeth H. Winchester, Expanding the Bankruptcy Code: The Use of Section 362 and Section 105 to Protect Solvent Executives of Debtor Corporations, 58 Brook. L. Rev. 929 (1992). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol58/iss3/7 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Law Review by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. NOTES EXPANDING THE BANKRUPTCY CODE: THE USE OF SECTION 362 AND SECTION 105 TO PROTECT SOLVENT EXECUTIVES OF DEBTOR CORPORATIONS The fact that a proceeding is equitable does not give the judge a free- floating discretion to redistribute rights in accordance with his per- sonal views of justice and fairness, however enlightened those views may be.1 INTRODUCTION Every bankruptcy petition filed by or against a debtor trig- gers the automatic stay.2 The automatic stay is a prophylactic ' In re Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pac. R.R., 791 F.2d 524, 528 (7th Cir. 1986) (Posner, J.). Judge Posner went on to describe the purpose behind equitable proceedings in bankruptcy. The function of equitable considerations in a bankruptcy proceeding is to guide the division of a pie that is too small to allow each creditor to get the slice for which he originally contracted.. -
Setting up in Denmark
Setting up in Denmark 5. Forms of business enterprise Business operations in Denmark may be conducted under the fol- lowing legal forms: public limited company (aktieselskab) branch office (filial) private limited company (anpartsselskab) partnership (interessentskab) limited partnership (kommanditselskab) limited partnership company (kommandit-aktieselskab) co-operative society (andelsselskab) sole proprietorship or one-man firm (enkeltmandsfirma) commercial foundation (erhvervsdrivende fond) European companies European public limited-liability compa- nies, European Economic Interest Groupings and European Co- operative Societies (SE companies, EØFG and SCE) As foreign investors most often set up a public limited company or a branch office, these forms of business are explained in some detail. All public limited companies, private limited companies, limited partnership companies, commercial foundations, sole proprie- torships, partnerships, limited partnerships, co-operatives, cor- DANSKE BANK SETTING UP IN DENMARK 19 MARCH 2007 porate funds, the various types of European companies, branch offices of foreign corporations and other limited liability busi- nesses and societies must register with the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency. The registration is published in the Reg- istration Gazette on the Danish Commerce and Companies Agencys Web site. 5.1 Public limited company (aktieselskab) The Danish Public Companies Act reflects Scandinavian efforts to harmonise legislation with EU rules governing public limited com- panies and the right of establishment. DANSKE BANK SETTING UP IN DENMARK 20 MARCH 2007 5.1.1 Formation procedure The following procedure is mandatory: 1. The promoters must draw up and sign a memorandum of asso- ciation which must contain a draft of the articles of association, the price at which shares are offered for subscription, the period within which the first general meeting is to be held, etc. -
Choosing an Investment Vehicle European Real Estate Fund Regimes
Choosing an investment vehicle European Real Estate Fund Regimes May 2019 www.pwc.com/realestate This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. Introduction This booklet aims to provide an overview of the most common European collective investment vehicles (CIVs) suitable for investment in real estate, including their legal form, as well as their regulatory and tax position. The AIFM Directive entered into force on Many countries offer attractive tax facilities, 22 July 2013 and has been implemented by including tax exemptions, to their local real EU Member States, which had to consider estate CIVs. In many countries, these tax both regulatory matters and changes to facilities are not available to real estate CIVs Uwe Stoschek fund and investor taxation. This has resulted investing from a different jurisdiction. Therefore, in significant changes in the European real there are still important steps to take until there Partner, estate fund landscape. AIFMD has forced is a level playing field for real estate CIVs also Global Real Estate Tax fund managers and investors to change from a tax perspective. Our country specialists Leader their approach and look not only at national mentioned in this publication will be very happy PwC Germany rules, but also at EU rules and guidelines. to help you by providing further information on At the same time, the new passports for any of the fund vehicles described. +49 30 2636-5286 professional investor funds provide new +49 160 5820641 options. Managers must consider where they [email protected] apply for authorisation to obtain the licence, paying close attention to legal and tax aspects, as well as available business infrastructure and personal resources. -
OECD REFERENCE GUIDE on SOURCES of INFORMATION from ABROAD Update of 26Th January 2006
OECD REFERENCE GUIDE ON SOURCES OF INFORMATION FROM ABROAD Update of 26th January 2006 R2+>R3 @26 January 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS OECD REFERENCE GUIDE ON SOURCES OF INFORMATION FROM ABROAD.............................. 1 REFERENCE GUIDE ON SOURCES OF INFORMATION FROM ABROAD ......................................... 3 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 3 AUSTRALIA .............................................................................................................................................. 4 AUSTRIA.................................................................................................................................................. 14 BELGIUM................................................................................................................................................. 23 CANADA.................................................................................................................................................. 34 CZECH REPUBLIC ................................................................................................................................. 65 DENMARK............................................................................................................................................... 70 FINLAND ................................................................................................................................................. 78 FRANCE .................................................................................................................................................. -
Official Journal of the European Union L 111/1
Official Journal L 111 of the European Union ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Volume 57 English edition Legislation 15 April 2014 Contents II Non-legislative acts INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ★ Notice concerning the entry into force of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republics of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, of the other part 1 2014/210/EU: ★ Council Decision of 14 April 2014 on the conclusion on behalf of the European Union of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republics of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, of the other part, as regards Article 49(3) thereof ............... 2 2014/211/EU: ★ Council Decision of 14 April 2014 on the conclusion on behalf of the European Union of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republics of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, of the other part, with the exception of Article 49(3) thereof ........................................................................................................................... 4 Political Dialogue and Cooperation agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republics of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, of the other part .................................................................................................... -
Kommanditselskab Eller Partnerselskab
Copenhagen Business School - 2013 Cand.merc.aud Kandidatafhandling Kommanditselskab eller Partnerselskab Forfatter: Erling Kyed Cpr-nr. ******-**** ______________________ Vejleder: Professor Søren Friis Hansen Afleveret: 05-12-2013 Anslag: 129.857 Sider: 77 Censor:_________________________ 1 Forfattererklæring 2 Indhold Forfattererklæring ................................................................................................................................ 2 1. Resume ............................................................................................................................................. 7 2. Problemformulering ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Overordnet formål ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Synsvinkel ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3. Målgruppe ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4. Det valgte emne ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.5 Præcisering af problemformuleringen ....................................................................................... 9 2.6. Afgrænsninger .......................................................................................................................... -
Taxation of Partnership - Legal National Reports for the Nordic Tax Research Council´S Annual Meeting, 2015 in Aarhus
Nordic Tax J. 2015; aop Report Open Access Axel Hilling (Ed.) Taxation of Partnership - Legal national reports for the Nordic Tax Research Council´s annual meeting, 2015 in Aarhus DOI 10.1515/ntaxj-2015-0007 from which to choose. Capital companies comprise of pub- Received Aug 31, 2015; accepted Sep 18, 2015 lic limited companies and private limited companies, both of which are regulated by the Danish Companies Act (selsk- Abstract: This joint report includes the five legal national absloven). Unlimited companies (such as sole trader busi- reports on the taxation of partnership in the Nordic coun- nesses or partnerships), known in Denmark as personal tries. The general contents of these reports are summa- companies (personselskaber), are an alternative to capi- rized and thoroughly analyzed in Liselotte Madsen’s Gen- tal companies. The fundamental difference between these eral report, published in this issue of the NTaxJ. For addi- two types of company is the owners’ liability. Liability is tional information, details on legislative measures etc. we limited in relation to capital companies, while in the case find it important, however, to also publish the national re- of unlimited companies at least one owner is liable for the ports in full length. We hope you will find it valuable as whole of the company’s debt Friis Hansen and Krenchel well. (2014). The respective national reports appear in alphabetic or- In Denmark, there are four common types of unlimited der, in regard to the country which regulation is presented. companies, namely partnerships, limited partnerships, Name of the country reporter and contact information are partner companies, and jointly owned shipping firms. -
Partnerselskaber Den Oversete Selskabsform
Revisorkandidatuddannelsen Aalborg Universitet Maj 2006 Speciale Partnerselskaber Den oversete selskabsform Udarbejdet af: Lennart Bo Falk Hedegaard Mouritzen Vejledere: John Engsig Jesper Møller 1 Problemformulering 6 1.1 Overordnet formål 6 1.2 Synsvinkel 6 1.3 Målgruppe 6 1.4 Baggrund for valg af emne 6 1.5 Præcisering af problemformulering 7 1.6 Samfundsøkonomisk formål med afhandlingen 8 1.7 Afgrænsninger 8 1.7.1 Terminologi 8 2 Struktur, model- og metodevalg 10 2.1 Struktur 10 2.2 Anvendte modeller og metoder 10 3 Executive summary 12 4 Normalt forekommende modeller for virksomhedsdrift 15 4.1 Indledning 15 4.2 Interessentskaber 16 4.3 Anpartsselskab og Aktieselskab 17 4.4 Kommanditselskab 18 5 Partnerselskaber – selskabsretligt 20 5.1 Indledning 20 5.2 Historisk baggrund 20 5.3 Retlig regulering 21 5.3.1 Selskabets formål 22 5.4 Nystiftelse 23 5.4.1 Anmeldelse og registrering 23 5.5 Vedtægter og komplementarens beføjelser 23 5.5.1 Praksis hos Erhvervs- & Selskabsstyrelsen 24 5.5.2 Forvaltningsmæssige beføjelser 25 5.5.3 Økonomiske beføjelser 26 5.5.4 Øvrige krav til vedtægter 27 5.6 Partnerselskabets organisation 28 5.7 Overdragelse af andele, udtræden og udelukkelse 28 5.7.1 Komplementaren 28 5.7.2 Kommanditaktionærerne 29 5.8 Omdannelse af aktie- eller anpartsselskab til partnerselskab 29 5.9 Opløsning og omdannelse til anden selskabsform 30 5.9.1 Omdannelse af partnerselskab til anden selskabsform 30 5.9.2 Opløsning af partnerselskabet 30 5.10 Selskabsretlige forskelle og sammenhænge mellem K/S og P/S 31 5.11 Opsummering 32 6 Partnerselskaber – Skatteretligt 35 6.1 Indledning 35 6.2 Retlig regulering 35 6.3 Stiftelse af et personselskab – I/S, K/S eller P/S 36 6.4 Personers beskatning ved indkomst fra et partnerselskab 36 6.4.1 Resultatandele og ejerbrøk 36 6.4.2 Særskilte vederlag 38 6.4.3 Forrentning af lån fra kommanditaktionær til partnerselskabet. -
Report on Denmark INDIAN
This report provides helpful information on the current business environment in Denmark. It is designed to assist companies in doing business and establishing effective banking arrangements. This is one of a series of reports on countries around the world. ARCTIC N OCEA Global Banking Service Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer C PACIFI N OCEA ATLANTIC ator Equ Report on Denmark INDIAN C Tropic of Cancer ACIFI P N OCEA orn Capric of Tropic N Equ ator r OCEA Equato N OCEA T ropic of Ca pric n orn Capricor Tropic of Antarctic Circle Contents Important to Know 2 Types of Business Structure 2 Opening and Operating Bank Accounts 3 Payment and Collection Instruments 4 Central Bank Reporting 5 Exchange Arrangements and Controls 5 Cash and Liquidity Management 5 Taxation 6 Report on Denmark 2 Types of Business Structure Important to Know Under Danish law, there are several business structures available. Some require Official language a minimum amount of share capital to be paid up before the business can be established. A financial institution must hold the paid share capital in a restricted > Danish account until the business is legally established. Currency Public limited liability company > Krone (DKK) A/S (Aktieselskab). This is a company whose shares may or may not be registered to Bank holidays their owners. Bearer shares are tradable on a public stock market. This requires a 2010 minimum paid up share capital of DKK 500,000 (or the equivalent in EUR). January 1 Private limited liability company April 1, 2, 5, 30 ApS (Anpartsselskab). This is a company whose shares are registered to their owners and therefore are not publicly tradable. -
Collection Profile Denmark
Euler Hermes Collection Profile Denmark Collecting in Denmark • Payments take 7 to 30 days on average, but delays of approximately 12 days may be expected. The EU legal framework provides reliable tools when it comes to late payment matters. • Courts are reliable and the system provides fast-track proceedings for undisputed claims below DKK 100,00. Delays and costs otherwise remain significant when a claim is disputed, and EU standard proceedings are not fully applicable in the country. • Although domestic insolvency law aims at rescuing companies to increase the chance of recovering debts, it provides no limitations as to how much of the debt may be written off in restructuring negotiations and it is rare for unsecured creditors to recover from insolvent debtors in practice. Collection complexity Notable High Very High Severe Complexity relating to Notable Severe Payments Court proceedings Insolvency proceedings Contents General Information ........................................................................................................................................3 Availability of financial information ................................................................................................................3 Main corporate structures ...............................................................................................................................3 Regulatory environment ..................................................................................................................................3 Getting