Governo Eletrónico Local – Portal De Junta De Freguesia

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Governo Eletrónico Local – Portal De Junta De Freguesia Mestrado em Engenharia Informática Estágio Relatório Final Governo Eletrónico Local: Portal de Junta de Freguesia Ricardo da Silva Auxiliar [email protected] Orientador do DEI-FCTUC: Professor Doutor Álvaro Rocha Coimbra, 03 de Julho de 2017 Mestrado em Engenharia Informática Estágio Relatório Final Governo Eletrónico Local: Portal de Junta de Freguesia Ricardo da Silva Auxiliar [email protected] Júris: Professor Doutor Carlos Fonseca Professor Doutor Paulo Rupino da Cunha Coimbra, 03 de Julho de 2017 Resumo As Juntas de Freguesia são o elo de ligação mais próximo entre o cidadão e a Administração Local. A interação entre ambos é assinalável, no entanto, é feita quase em exclusivo, presencialmente. Esta situação era aceitável em pleno século XX, porém, atualmente, face ao crescimento e aceitação generalizada da Internet por parte da população, a Sociedade de Informação ganhou uma relevância extrema e tornou obsoleto este tipo de prestação de serviços. A questão que se coloca é: como respondeu a Administração Local, nomeadamente as Juntas de Freguesia, a estas mudanças de paradigmas? A resposta evidencia uma situação degradante, totalmente desajustada aos tempos e enaltece a motivação do projeto, a vontade de mudar e de melhorar. Este projeto direciona-se para um desafio de transformação e reinvenção, a fim de proporcionar aos cidadãos locais o acesso diário a serviços públicos, na vertente online, com foco na prestação de serviços. Melhorar a transparência, através da divulgação de dados e incentivar a participação ativa da comunidade, através de mecanismos de comunicação e de opinião, são outros dos pontos-chave, transitando assim, finalmente, para um serviço ajustado à tecnologia atual. Pretende-se a criação de uma plataforma web para o cidadão e outra para a administração, apoiadas por um servidor back-end, que responde aos pedidos efetuados. No final do estágio, espera-se que a aplicação apresente recursos inovadores e impulsionadores de progressos na área. Palavras-chave Administração Pública Local; Governo Eletrónico Local; Internet; Juntas de Freguesia; Serviços Públicos Online; Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. I II Agradecimentos Ao Professor Doutor Álvaro Rocha quero agradecer a sua orientação e o apoio dado, através de conselhos na elaboração e revisão deste relatório. Aos presidentes das Juntas de Freguesia de Mira (Coimbra), Artur Fresco, e da Vila de Prado (Vila Verde), Paulo Gomes, pela disponibilidade demostrada, pelos esclarecimentos prestados e informações que concederam. À equipa da Tiffosi do Fórum de Coimbra, meus colegas de trabalho, que sempre estiveram disponíveis para me ouvir, para me aconselhar e acima de tudo, para me transmitirem a sua boa disposição. Aos meus colegas de curso, destacando o Gonçalo Martins, o Jonatas Laranjeira e o Marco Pereira, por me ajudarem a chegar a esta etapa curricular, onde aprendemos muito juntos. Certamente reforçámos uma amizade para a vida. À Joana Carvalhais, minha namorada, pelo apoio, compreensão e paciência que demostrou ao longo deste percurso exigente, de bons e maus momentos. Por fim, os mais importantes agradecimentos são endereçados para a minha família, principalmente para os meus pais e para o meu irmão, que desde cedo acreditaram em mim, incentivaram e proporcionaram a oportunidade de apostar na minha formação académica. Obrigado, é a vocês que dedico o meu trabalho. III IV Conteúdos 1. Introdução ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Enquadramento do Estágio ............................................................................... 1 1.2. Viabilidade da Solução ....................................................................................... 2 1.3. Público-alvo ........................................................................................................ 5 1.4. Métodos de Recolha de Informação ................................................................. 8 1.5. Estrutura do Documento ................................................................................... 8 2. Conceitos .......................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Sociedade da Informação .................................................................................. 9 2.2. Governo Eletrónico (e-Government) ................................................................. 9 2.3. Governo Eletrónico Local ................................................................................. 11 3. Estado da Arte ................................................................................................. 13 3.1. Uso da Internet ................................................................................................ 13 3.2. A Presença do Governo Eletrónico Local ......................................................... 15 3.2.1. Estado Atual do Governo Eletrónico Local .......................................................... 15 3.2.2. Websites das Juntas de Freguesia ....................................................................... 18 3.2.3. Análise SWOT ...................................................................................................... 23 3.3. Abordagem Tecnológica .................................................................................. 25 3.3.1. Linguagens de Programação para Back-End ....................................................... 25 3.3.2. Frameworks ......................................................................................................... 27 3.3.3. Sistema de Pagamentos ...................................................................................... 28 3.3.4. Servidor web ........................................................................................................ 35 3.3.5. Servidor WSGI ..................................................................................................... 38 3.3.6. Servidor de Base de Dados .................................................................................. 40 3.3.7. HTTPS/SSL ............................................................................................................ 43 3.3.8. Amazon EC2 ......................................................................................................... 44 4. Metodologia e Planeamento ............................................................................ 45 4.1. Metodologia de Desenvolvimento .................................................................. 45 V 4.2. Processos de Engenharia de Software ............................................................. 46 4.2.1. Reuniões .............................................................................................................. 46 4.2.2. Estimativas .......................................................................................................... 46 4.2.3. Análise de Riscos ................................................................................................. 47 4.3. Planeamento .................................................................................................... 52 4.3.1. Primeiro Semestre ............................................................................................... 52 4.3.2. Segundo Semestre ............................................................................................... 54 5. Análise de Requisitos ....................................................................................... 57 5.1. Atores do Sistema ............................................................................................ 57 5.2. Requisitos Funcionais....................................................................................... 58 5.2.1. Casos de Uso ....................................................................................................... 61 5.3. Requisitos Não Funcionais ............................................................................... 61 5.3.1. Cenários ............................................................................................................... 62 5.4. Restrições ......................................................................................................... 65 6. Desenho da Solução ........................................................................................ 67 6.1. Vista Bird’s Eye ................................................................................................. 67 6.2. Vista de Camadas - 1ª Iteração ........................................................................ 68 6.3. Vista de Componentes – 2ª Iteração ............................................................... 69 6.4. Vista de Componentes - 3ª Iteração ................................................................ 70 6.5. Vista de Componentes e Conectores ............................................................... 70 6.6. Principais Tecnologias Usadas ......................................................................... 71 6.7. Modelo de Dados ............................................................................................. 72 6.8. Segurança ......................................................................................................... 75 6.8.1. Autenticação ....................................................................................................... 75 6.8.2. Confidencialidade ................................................................................................ 75 7. Desenvolvimento
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