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Prayer in Context: a Micro-Sociological Analysis of Religious Practice in a Catholic and an Islamic Devotional Movement

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Prayer in Context: a Micro-Sociological Analysis of Religious Practice in a Catholic and an Islamic Devotional Movement University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Prayer In Context: A Micro-Sociological Analysis Of Religious Practice In A Catholic And An Islamic Devotional Movement Christopher Stawski University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Stawski, Christopher, "Prayer In Context: A Micro-Sociological Analysis Of Religious Practice In A Catholic And An Islamic Devotional Movement" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2592. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2592 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2592 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Prayer In Context: A Micro-Sociological Analysis Of Religious Practice In A Catholic And An Islamic Devotional Movement Abstract This project aims to advance the study of prayer by analyzing it as a social interaction – on a human- divine as well as a human-human level - utilizing Randall Collins’s interaction ritual theory within a comparative framework articulated by Ann Taves to investigate religious experiences. Cases are presented to compare prayer practices in two contemporary devotional movements respectively inspired by Padre Pio (Padre Pio Prayer Groups) and Said Nursi (Nur Movement) that seek to develop the faith of their adherents as they negotiate living in secular contexts. Based on historical research, textual analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the United States, this project addresses how ritual context and habitual entrainment affect the prayer experiences and conceptions of adherents within these two movements while also offering generalizable knowledge about prayer applicable to other contexts. As an outcome of the comparison, three propositions are put forward: (1) Prayer practices enact communicative relationships between the human person and an ascribed divine which can result in an “embodied confidence” in the reality of those relationships; (2) Prayer and worship practices can enact relationships between and among human persons of a shared tradition, which results in the formation of communal bonds and a forum for testifying to the power of an ascribed divine; and (3) Prayer and worship practices can constitute a form of training that is intended to prepare and protect religious practitioners in spiritual battles that are fought within the human person and among human persons throughout one’s life in order to sustain and strengthen relationships with an ascribed divine. The process of habituation for attaining “embodied confidence” is termed the “vernacularization of charisma”, as prayer practices are socially learned, adopted in form, and appropriated at the individual level, while being creatively translated as a mode of relating to an ascribed divine whereby the person owns and draws strength from the practices across different situations. This project provides a new perspective for understanding prayer that extends current methodological and theoretical discourses related to research on “lived religion” and “disciplinary practices” and offers grounds for hypothesis formation to advance the scientific study of eligion.r Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Religious Studies First Advisor Randall Collins Keywords disciplinary practices, interaction ritual, lived religion, Padre Pio, prayer, Said Nursi Subject Categories Comparative Methodologies and Theories | Religion | Sociology This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2592 PRAYER IN CONTEXT: A MICRO-SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN A CATHOLIC AND AN ISLAMIC DEVOTIONAL MOVEMENT Christopher Stawski A DISSERTATION in Religious Studies Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Supervisor of Dissertation Graduate Group Chairperson _________________________ _________________________ Randall Collins, Ph.D. Anthea Butler, Ph.D. Dorothy Swaine Thomas Associate Professor of Religious Studies Professor of Sociology Dissertation Committee Anthea Butler, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Religious Studies Jamal Elias, Ph.D. Walter H. Annenberg Professor in the Humanities Professor of Religious Studies and South Asia Studies PRAYER IN CONTEXT: A MICRO-SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN A CATHOLIC AND AN ISLAMIC DEVOTIONAL MOVEMENT COPYRIGHT 2017 Christopher Jason Stawski This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ iii To Angie and my Mom, with love iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT The journey to completing this dissertation has been filled with a number of people to whom I must express deep gratitude. First, I would like to thank Randy Collins, my dissertation supervisor, without whom the inspiration for this project would not have occurred. The dissertation greatly benefitted from Randy’s critical guidance and his advice to demonstrate through empirical research the theoretical and methodological issues I wanted to address in the study of religion. In addition, his encouragement to constructively push through the writing process when I was besieged with delays in bringing the dissertation to completion was invaluable. I am grateful to Randy for his patience, as well as for modeling how creative theorizing and intellectual rigor can be brought together to push good ideas forward. I would like to thank my dissertation committee members, Anthea Butler and Jamal Elias, who have each played important roles throughout the years of the doctoral process in supporting my candidacy and dissertation, both on an intellectual as well as an administrative level. I am grateful for their guidance and support. Steve Dunning, my initial supervisor, and Guy Welbon were instrumental in the early years of the doctoral process, encouraging me to join the Department of Religious Studies as a doctoral student, nurturing my development through their courses and advice, and helping to create an arrangement such that I could pursue a PhD while also having work responsibilities elsewhere. I am grateful to Ernestine Williams, who helped me to navigate a number of the issues that arose in the process of embarking on this unique arrangement. v My doctoral studies competed for my time and energy with the professional responsibilities I had with the John Templeton Foundation. The situation required creativity and accommodation on all sides in order for me to productively pursue both paths at the same time. I am grateful to the Graduate Division of Penn’s School of Arts and Sciences, the Department of Religious Studies, and the John Templeton Foundation for helping to make the impossible possible. At Templeton, I am thankful for having had the support of Barnaby Marsh, Kimon Sargeant, Arthur Schwartz, and Jack Templeton as I pursued this daunting balancing act, and I am thankful to Marlene Ryan for her support and editorial assistance in the dissertation process. Templeton proved to be a rich home from which I could further develop the ideas contained in this dissertation, providing a platform for me to delve broadly and deeply into research across the humanities and social sciences. I had the good fortune and privilege to work with and meet a number of scholars and researchers working in these areas. I am grateful for all of the advice, conversations, and experiences while engaging within this extended network over the years that has enriched and informed my capacities and perspectives to carry out the dissertation. Among this group, I would like to thank James Arthur, Mark Berner, Alon Goshen-Gottstein, William Grassie, Greg Hansell, David Hufford, Byron Johnson, Serene Jones, Sol Katz, Dacher Keltner, Joan Koss- Chioino, Kevin Ladd, Rich Lerner, Tanya Luhrmann, Mike McCullough, Don Miller, Howard Nusbaum, Ken Olliff, James Pawelski, Stephen Post, Martin Seligman, William Schweiker, Christian Smith, Ann Taves, Jonathan VanAntwerpen, Miroslav Volf, Robert Woodberry, Robert Wright, and Robert Wuthnow. I am also grateful to Steve Hopkins vi and Mark Wallace, who helped to light the flame inside of me to study religion while an undergraduate at Swarthmore College, and to David Lamberth and David Little, who helped to keep that light burning while I was at Harvard Divinity School. I am grateful to the people in the Padre Pio Prayer Group and Nur communities who welcomed me into their groups, shared with me their thoughts and reflections on prayer and matters of faith, and allowed me to learn from their practices and traditions. This project would not be possible without their gracious hospitality, friendliness, and openness to my presence as a researcher. I must also express thanks to the staff of the International Headquarters of the Padre Pio Prayer Groups in San Giovanni Rotondo, who gave me precious English-language resources on Padre Pio and the history of the movement when I visited Italy in 2011, and to the staff of the Istanbul Foundation for Science and Culture, with whom I spent a short but concentrated time to learn about Nursi and the Nur movement during my visit to Turkey in 2015. I have been blessed with a wonderful family. To my Mom and Dad, who modeled independence
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