Easby Hall, Easby, Great Ayton, Hambleton

Heritage Asset Statement: Assessment of Significance.

By J.M. Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy

May 2011

Clients: Messrs Wighton, Jagger, Shaw Architects Ltd

A Heritage Asset Statement for Easby Hall, Easby, Great Ayton, North Yorkshire, 2

CONTENTS

Page No

1. BACKGROUND 3

2. MODUS OPERANDI 4

3. SITE AND SETTING 5

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BAKGROUND 5

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE HALL 9

6. BUILDING ANALYSIS 11

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HALL AS A HERITAGE ASSET 16

8. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS 17

9. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF PROPOSALS ON THE 20 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HERITAGE ASSET(S)

10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 22

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 23

APPENDIX 1: LOCATION MAP

APPENDIX 2: PHASING PLAN

APPENDIX 3: ELEVATIONS BEFORE 1989-1990 ALTERATIONS

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1. BACKGROUND

1.1. Introduction

1.1.1 Messrs Wighton, Jagger, Shaw Architects Ltd of Harrogate have instructed J.M Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy to prepare an Assessment of Heritage Asset Significance Statement to supplement their planning application in respect of alterations to Easby Hall, Easby, Great Ayton, Hambleton, TS9 6JQ.

1.1.2 John Trippier BA (Hons),MRICS, PIFA is a Chartered Surveyor and Practitioner of the Institute of Field Archaeologists with over 40 years experience of surveying and recording buildings of types. He is a member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and has a 1st Class Honours degree in Archaeology and Medieval History. He formed his own practice in 1997 and has since specialised in archaeological contracts with the emphasis on the recording and analysis of historic buildings. He was assisted in this assessment by Stephen Price BA (Hons), MPhil.

1.2 Planning Requirements 1.2.1 The central government Planning Policy Statement, PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment, which came into effect on 1st April 2010, sets out the Government’s planning policies on the conservation of the historic environment. English Heritage has produced a Planning Practice Guide (PPG) to accompany PPS5. 1.2.2 Policy HE 7 requires that, in decision making, local planning authorities should seek to identify and assess the significance of any element of the historic environment that may be affected by the relevant proposal (7.1). And, in considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, local planning authorities should take into account the particular nature of the significance of the heritage asset and the value that it holds for this and future generations. This understanding should be used by the local planning authority to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposals (7.2).

1.2.3 A ‘Heritage Asset’ is a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. Heritage assets are the valued components of the historic environment. They include designated assets ( such as a Scheduled Monument, Listed Building or a Conservation Area)and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process (including local listing) ( PPS5 ANNEX 2).

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1.2.4 Applicants are now required to provide a) a description of the significance of the heritage assets affected (by the proposals) and the contribution of their setting to that significance. and b) an assessment of the likely impact of the proposals on the heritage assets

The level of detail should be proportionate to the importance of the heritage asset and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on the significance of the heritage asset (Policy HE6).

2. MODUS OPERANDI

2.1 Policy HE6 also requires that, as a minimum, the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) should be consulted and the heritage asset assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary given the application’s impact. The PPG also recommends that the following steps should be taken:

• Check the development plan and main local and national records including the relevant HER, statutory and local lists, the Heritage Gateway, the National Monuments Record and other relevant sources of information that would provide an understanding of the history of the place and the value the asset holds for society

• Examine the asset and its setting

• Carry out additional assessment where the initial search has established an architectural, historic, artistic and /or archaeological interest but the extent, nature or importance of which needs to be established more clearly before safe decisions can be made about change to the site. This may require a desk-based assessment and /or on-site evaluation. Such may be necessary for all types of asset including buildings, areas and wreck sites where understanding of the asset’s history and significance is incomplete.

2.2 In accordance with the above requirements we have consulted the Heritage Gateway, the National Monument Records, English Heritage’s Scheduled Monument Listing, Parks and Gardens Register and Listed Buildings Register, the Historic Environment Records (HER) for North Yorkshire and the North York Moors National Park. The North Yorkshire HER officer advised that no additional information or listings were recorded in respect Easby Hall and its environs. North Yorkshire Archives, Northallerton Local Studies Library and a variety of other sources were checked to enable an assessment of the available sources to be made and a bibliography of sources used is included. In addition, a large collection of deeds and leases dating from the 18th century onwards relating to Easby Hall and the Easby Estate were made available by the current owners of the Hall. These documents and have been assessed for the purposes of this brief and are referred to in the text below.

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2.3 We have also consulted the on-line version of the Local Planning Framework for Hambleton DC but could find no references to Easby although Easby Hall Park had been recorded as a Leisure Park and Garden under Policy L8 of the now defunct District Wide Local Plan.

3. SITE AND SETTING

3.1 Easby Hall is located in the village of Easby in North Yorkshire, some 3.5 miles east of the market town of Stokesley. Its precise location is shown with a red arrow on the map at Appendix 1 and its National Grid Reference is NZ57880873. The Hall lies a short distance south of the village centre on the west side of the valley of the river Leven with the Otter Hills Beck to the west. The land rises steeply on the east side of the valley to high moorland at Easby Moor. The moorland lies within the North York Moors National Park, the settlement of Easby outside of the National Park.

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Prehistoric 4.1 The moorland to the east of Easby is a landscape of prehistoric settlement but as no sites or finds from this period are recorded in the Leven valley close to Easby Hall. The closest site is a Bronze Age round barrow (NYM1535) 0.5km to the north in Easby Woods.

Anglo Scandinavian 4.2 The place name Easby suggests a Viking origin to the settlement; Esebi or Eseby meaning the farm or village of Esi. While no evidence from this period has been recorded at Easby, Anglo Scandinavian sculpture and grave goods have been found at nearby at Kildale (2 miles east of Easby) indicating Viking settlement in the area. Medieval 4.3 The manor of Easby is mentioned in the Doomsday book where it is described as “terra regis” owned by the crown and was assessed as 2 carucates and land sufficient for 1 plough (Graves 1808 p232). At some time after the Conquest the manor or at least part of Easby was granted with the manor of Stokesley and other lands to the Baliols (Graves 1808 p233). The Norman motte (NYM 1533) at Castle Hill on high ground above the river Leven to the east (NGR 58970847) may have been erected by Bernard de Balliol possibly without permission from the crown (I'Anson 1913 p245-7). This location affords an excellent vantage point with commanding views of the surrounding countryside and the motte, which has Scheduled Monument protection (SM 20534), may have been built as a watch-tower or temporary refuge some distance from the farmed land which comprised the manor. 4.4 The manors of Easby and Stokesley descended by marriage to the Eures who were a branch of the Barons of Warkworth but took their name from their lordship and seat of Eure in Buckinghamshire.The manor remained with the ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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Eures throughout the medieval period and the historian Ord suggests that they resided at Easby (1846 p409-10).

4.5 A chapel at Easby is mentioned in a document of 1349 (NYM 12434, NMR 27361). In 1808 the antiquarian Graves reports that the remains were "distinctly visible till within a few years" but that the site in Chapel Garth had been ploughed and the foundation of the building could only be traced with difficulty (1808 p237). In 1846 the historian Ord, states “an ancient chapel stood here (at Easby) and a chapel yard” but that “no remains of the chapel can now be traced but that a field near the village called Chapelgarth is where it probably stood” (Ord 1846 p 409-10). The 1st edition 6” series 1856 OS map locates a field called Chapel Garth immediately to the west of the Otter Hills Beck, west of Easby Hall. This field is currently under arable cultivation. The same map also marks a church to the south of Easby Hall at the same site as the chapel built in 1881 by Emerson, then owner of Easby Hall. However it seems most likely that this was a former Methodist chapel built by Robert Campion in 1828 (see para. 4.9 below), but transferred to the Church of England after 1842, rather than the medieval one.

Post Medieval - 17th and 18th century

4.6 The hearth tax lists in 1673 show 16 properties in Easby, that of Thomas Lord Eure having 8 hearths and only Pilly Hall (to the south of Easby Hall) being of comparable size with 6; most others being cottages with only 1 or 2 hearths. The manor of Easby remained with the Eures until the death of Ralph Eure who died without issue n 1707 when it was inherited by his sisters (VCH 1924, p301-8). Elizabeth the eldest married William Kay, Esq and their grand- daughter Elizabeth, wife of William Walker of Doncaster, inherited the manor. The will of Ralph Walker, the son of Elizabeth, dated March 1741(OC) bequeathed all including Easby Hall to his wife and heirs and it subsequently passed to their daughter Suzannah who married John Matthews of Stokesley. The manor was then inherited by their daughter Frances wife of William Lee of Stokesley who was described as “the principal proprietor of Easby and is the present lord of the manor plough” (Graves 1808 p233 and Ord 1846 p409-410). . However in 1840 a tenant farmer John Hansell, whilst testifying to the “failure” or bankruptcy of John Matthews, asserted that William Lee purchased the property from Matthews’ assignees.

4.6 The manor or farmhouse, c1720, when Elizabeth and William Walker were the owners, was depicted by Samuel Buck in his of sketches of Yorkshire houses (Lansdowne Ms 914) it was annotated “Mr Walker’s house in Easby.” This drawing shows “Mr Walker’s House” to be a substantial three storey house with mullioned windows indicating that the medieval manor house had probably been replaced or substantially altered before 1720.

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Fig 1:Mr Walker’s House in Easby c. 1720 Samuel Buck

Buck’s drawing shows a roughly drawn river flowing in the foreground which, if representing reality, this may indicate that the manor house faced south-south- west towards the Otter Hills Beck rather than south-south-east as does the present Easby Hall. The precise location of the manor house is not known but it was probably near or on the site of the current hall (see para. 4.9 below).

4.7 At the beginning of the 19th century Easby manor was bought by Robert Campion Esq. of Whitby whose wealth was created through the banking, shipbuilding, sail cloth manufacture and other associated industries in Whitby and who at one time was considered the most prosperous man in the town (Phillips 1894 p220). In 1822 Langdale’s Topographic Directory records Easby in the parish of Stokesley, with Easby Hall the seat of Robert Campion (p32). In addition to his extensive business interests Campion was a Wesleyan Methodist and was involved in every literary and philanthropic committee, charity or society in Whitby including collecting subscriptions for the abolition of slavery. In 1828 he constructed a Methodist chapel at Easby described as “a neat Wesleyan chapel in the gothic style” (White 1840 p708). “I Robert Campion of Whitby do hereby certify that the chapel built at my expense in Easby…is intended forthwith to be used as a place for religious worship by an assembly or congregation of protestants 28 December 1828” (RDH p549).

19th & 20th Centurty

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4.8 Campion’s acquisition of the manor marks the beginning of the history of the present day Easby Hall as this is where he chose to he chose to establish his “country seat”. The precise date is not known as the purchase deeds are not present in the current owners’ collection. However in a testimony dated 23 June 1840 (see para.4.6 above) the tenant farmer, John Hansell, declared that ‘about thirty years since William Lees’ son sold the said property to the said Robert Campion and I further declare that the said Robert Campion a few years after the purchase of the Easby Estate bought a piece of woodland in the said township of William Garbutt with whom I was very well aquainted. The deed relating to the purchase of the woodland by Campion from Garbutt is in the current owners’ collection and indicates that this purchase occurred in 1812. So Campion must have bought the Easby Estate a few years earlier.

4.9 In 1808 Graves (p233) referred only to Easby Hall as. “an ancient edifice of no great dimensions, now converted to a farmhouse which is old and ruinous and fast falling to decay” whereas in 1823 Edward Baines, in his History Directory and Gazetteer of the County of York, stated that “The old hall of the Lords Eure has also gone to decay; but a modern neat mansion has been erected near the site” (Baines 1823). Hansell also stated in his testimony that “I know a mansion House farms milk and lands in Easby belonging to Robert Campion that the said mansion house was built by Robert Campion about 30 years ago upon the site of an ancient hall’. It seems certain therefore that the current Easby Hall was built between 1808 and 1823.

4.10 Campion also erected a monument to Captain James Cook which was widely reported in newspapers at the time. “The highest point on Campion’s estate, on Easby Moor was chosen as an appropriate place for a monument (to Cook). …..Several of Mr. Campion’s family, then at Easby Hall and a number of friends from the vicinity attended the occasion” (Whitby Panorama Monthly Chronicle Vol 1 1827).

4.11 In 1841 the bank belonging to Robert and John Campion suspended payments and subsequently went bankrupt. The Easby estate was sold by auction in September 1841 and the sales particulars for that sale (OC 1841) provide a detailed description of the property:- “mansion house called Easby Hall, with coach house, stables and other requisite out buildings and offices. The orchards, gardens, lawns and ornamental plantations and pleasure grounds adjoining the hall, contain altogether 7 acres and 18 perch. The Hall farm, 45 acres 2 rods 28 perches, in the occupation of Richard Champley who occupies the east wing of the Hall with the farm......

...... Possession of the mansion house with the exception of the east wing is available immediately.”

4.12 By an agreement dated 25th Nov 1841 the estate was bought by Mrs Ann Barker of Finchley who leased Campion’s Methodist chapel (see para.4.7 above) to the Rector of Stokesley to be used as Church of England chapel (OC). In the

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following year, under an agreement dated 12 July 1842 (OC), Mrs Barker sold the estate to the Rev Hymers and Thomas Hutchinson who sold it on to James Emerson Esq in May 1853 (OC).

4.13 Between 1853-6 alterations and additions were made to the hall (Scott 1903 p29) and after Emerson’s wife Ann died in 1880 he re-built the chapel at a cost of £2,500 to a design by J. Fowler, or Fowler Jones (Pevsner 1966, p148). James Emerson’s only son, James John, inherited the manor of Easby from his father and in 1903 Easby Hall was described as “built of hewn stone consists of a centre about 122 feet in length and two wings of 100 feet each and encloses three sides of a courtyard. It is warmed by hot water and lighted by electricity and is now the residence of John J Emerson JP” (Scott 1903 p29) who was still the owner in 1924. George Hedley Esq. JP was in occupation from 1926 to 1929 (Kelly) but by 1937 it was being described as “now unoccupied, the owner is Miss Barbara Emerson who is the principal landowner” (Kelly 1937 p32).

4.14 It is understood that the hall was completely remodelled internally between the Wars when, amongst other things the courtyard between the wings was completely glazed over. We further understand that the hall was abandoned in the 1930s and subsequently taken over nd garrisoned by the MOD. In the 1980s it was stripped inside and out and the artefacts were sold at auction. The hall was restored in the 1990s. The electricity until relatively recently was supplied from a turbine in the wheel pit of a demolished fulling mill which was part of the estate (NGR NZ585088) (Pers. Comm. Francis Shaw and Harrison 2001 p163).

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE HALL

General

5.1 Pevsner describes Easby Hall as “a charming and ingenuous early 19th century house. Seven bays with a widely spaced three-bay centre and a one-bay pediment. The window beneath this has a frilly pediment and naïve boughs l and r. The centre has also on the first floor two angled pilasters. One need not take these motifs too seriously” (Pevsner 1966 p148).

External Description

5.2 Easby Hall is a Grade II listed building described as a small country house of the early 19th and later 19th century (building ID 332929). It is of two storeys and comprises a south range, which is the main frontage, and east and west wings which extend northwards to form a U-plan. These three blocks are constructed of sandstone ashlar facings with welsh slate roofs. The Listed Building description says that the west wing is early C19 and the east wing as later C19 but it is now apparent that all three blocks have been remodelled over time.

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5.3 The south and west ranges are in Classical style. The main south front is 7 bays wide. The two end bays are also the south elevations of the west and east wings. The whole frontage has a dentilled cornice and relief-balustraded parapet with a small central pediment holding an oval panel with a floral carving. The 3 inner bays project slightly and have fluted bands at first floor level and at cills. The central bay projects again and is defined by giant fluted pilasters. The two bays flanking this also have a fluted frieze and string-course at first floor level. The returns of the frieze and string-course appear to have been cut into the frontage rather than being coursed in suggesting that this central three bay projection may have been a later addition. There is a Roman Doric tetrastyle porch with a wrought-iron balcony over. The windows are 2-pane sashes in plain reveals, except for the first floor centre one over the porch which has a floral carved surround.

5.4 The west wing contains 5 bays of varying widths. The west face largely matches the south elevation but is now unadorned although an earlier photograph suggests that there may have been a cornice that has now been removed. The windows on this elevation, in common with most of the Hall, are largely 12- pane sashes.

5.5 It is clear from the photographic evidence (Fig 8 in text below) that the 3 north bays of this elevation have been refaced in recent years and the position of the windows lowered to bring them in line with those of the 2 south bays. One of the 12-pane sashes windows in the 2nd bay from the north has also been replaced with French windows. Finally on this elevation an ornate square bay window with sandstone columns and entablature has been added to the south bay. The east elevation of this wing has windows matching the 12-pane sashes of the west elevation and also has a French window opposing that on the latter. There are no other features other than a partially obscured arched lintel or relieving arch butted by a more modern structure which also adjoins the north elevation of the south range.

5.6 The east wing of the hall is also faced in sandstone ashlar but is in the Jacobean style with embellished dormers providing a 3rd floor. However the windows are largely 12-pane sashes matching those of the west wing. At the south end of the east elevation of this wing is a single storey flat roofed structure with a balustraded parapet built in matching style to the south front and constituting the dining room.

5.7 An ashlar faced staircase tower projects from the centre rear (north) of the south range and is castellated. The Listed Building Description suggests that these embellishments may have been made when the east wing was added but it is now clear that both of these assertions are incorrect (see para. 6.6 below). On each side of this tower is a two-storey structure faced in ashlar. The ground floors have medieval style arched door and window heads whilst the first floors have mullioned 17th century style windows. The westerly of these structures butts against and partially obscures an arched lintel or relieving arch in the east wall of the west wing.

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Internal Description (see Appendix 2 for photos)

5.8 The interior has been the subject of various restoration programmes both in the late 19th century (Listed Building Description) and in the late 20th century. It is not proposed to describe the whole building internally but to restrict this to those areas that are likely to be affected by the proposals under consideration. They are described in more detail at section 8 below.

6. BUILDING ANALYSIS

6.1 There does not appear to be any surviving documentary evidence relating to the details of construction of the “neat modern mansion” described by Baines in the 1823 except Hansell’s statement in 1840 of a date for construction “about 30 years ago” (para. 4.9 above). Similarly there is no evidence as to whether any of the old manor house was incorporated into the new mansion although the descriptions in Directories and by Hansell of the mansion as “near to” or “on” the site of the ancient manor house might indicate that the old manor house had been replaced by a new mansion built nearby. However it has been possible to reconstruct the development phases to some extent from the cartographic, photographic and stylistic evidence. This evidence is discussed below.

6.2 The first surviving plan of the building is shown on the survey of the Easby Estate carried out in 1831 by Thomas Watson (OC).

Fig 2: Survey of Easby Estate Thomas Watson 1831 (OC) (not to scale

This plan shows the building, annotated “mansion”, to be C-shaped with the frontage facing SSE with east and west wings of running NNW before returning

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inwards to form a courtyard. There was a separate block (coach house and stables?) a short distance to the south-west.

6.3 The next evidence comes from a plan dated 1841(OC) prepared for the sale of the estate following Campion’s bankruptcy that year. This shows building to have undergone alteration during the intervening 10 years.

Fig 3:.Plan 1841 Sales Particulars (OC) (not to scale)

The rear part of the west wing is now detached from the remainder of the wing and is attached to the separate stables/coach house block to the west (or to a new building with a similar footprint). However this new configuration clearly does not extend as far north as the east wing suggesting that it might have been a complete rebuild. The evidence of different window levels in the two parts of the west wing when they were eventually re-connected supports this possibility. There is a fence or similar preventing direct access from the passage way into the courtyard.

6.4 The next phase of significant alteration and addition to the Hall reportedly took place in the period 1853-56 immediately following the sale of the hall to James Emerson (Scott 1903). These are visible on the 1st ed. 6 inch series 1856 OS map (Fig 4).

Fig. 4: 1st edition 6” series 1856 OS map (not to scale) ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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This shows the Hall to have a similar configuration to that shown on the 1841 plan (OC) although the building apparently now completely encloses the courtyard with the two portions of the west wing being reunited and the northern return to both east and west wings now being conjoined. The separate stables block to the west has been removed although the short link block which formerly attaching this to the north end of the west wing still remains. The east wing has been extended northwards and the whole appears as though it may have been widened although it is difficult to be certain at such a small scale. The front portico has also been added to the south front which probably also had the frieze added. There also appears to be some addition at the junction of the south range and the east wing within the courtyard.

6.5 The 1st edition 25” series 1894 OS map shows further alterations.

Fig 5: 1st edition 25” series OS map surveyed 1892 published 1894 (not to scale)

The northern extension to the east wing which first appeared on the 1856 map has now been removed and it is of equal length to the west wing. A small east- west structure attached to the north-west corner of the west wing is still in the same position as on the 1856 Map demonstrating that the east wing has been reduced in length rather than the west wing extended. The block formerly enclosing the north side of the courtyard has also completely gone. Two small protuberances now appear at the south end of the west and east wings. That attached to the former may represent the beginnings of the current bay window in this position. However that on the east wing is much too small to represent the later dining room extension. There are also the beginnings of the additions to the north elevation of the south range.

6.6 The next evidence is an undated photograph published in Scott 1903

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Fig. 6: Undated photograph published in Scott 1903 p29

This shows hall in largely its present form with the baronialisation of the east wing completed and the extension eastwards (the dining room) added along with an orangery or glass house.

6.6 Both the bay window to the side of the west wing and the east side extension are shown on the 1910 OS survey (see Fig 7 below) which may also show the glass house or orangery. This also shows the completed stairs tower attached to the north elevation of the south range for the first time. However the entrance lobbies to either side of this were not yet present. We understand from the architects that the easterly one was not added until the 1990s (see para. 6.9 below).

Fig. 7: 2nd edition 25 inch series OS map, surveyed 1910, published 1913 (not to scale)

6.7 Another undated photograph (see Fig 8 below) shows the orangery or glass house just visible on the east wing and the bay window added to the west wing. Just north of this is a 2-light sash matching those on the main frontage whereas all the others are 12-pane sashes similar to those existing today.The variations in window levels between the northern and southern parts of the west wing are also clearly visible. At the extreme north end of the west wing is a doorway and smaller window neither of which are extant. ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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Fig 8: Undated photograph of Easby Hall (from Race 1987 p16)

6.9 At some stage the orangery appears to have been removed and replaced by the modern structure present today. This, along with the addition of the east rear lobby, may have been part of the 1990s restoration which appears to have been extensive-see below.

Fig 9: Easby Hall undergoing restoration in 1990s

6.10 Summary. The current Easby Hall originated about 1810 as C-shaped with the frontage facing SSE and east and west wings running northwards before returning inwards to partially enclose a courtyard. There was a separate block (coach house and stables?) a short distance to the south-west. Prior to 1841 the west wing was split into two halves by a wide passage through to the courtyard and a new link block was built attaching the northern part to the coach house and stables block (this could have been a complete rebuild). By 1841 the east

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wing was also at least partially occupied as a separate farmhouse. Sometime during the next fifteen years the western stable block was demolished and the north end of the west wing was re-attached to the southern part. However this appears to have been done somewhat clumsily as evidenced by the variations in window heights between the two halves. The courtyard was also fully enclosed by a new northern east-west block although this was subsequently removed. By 1856 further alterations had been made which included the addition of the portico to the south front and the possible remodelling of this frontage. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries a number of further alterations were made including the remodelling of the east wing in Scottish Baronial style, the addition of the dining room extension to this wing and large bay window to the west wing. The rear staircase tower was added between the 1892 and 1910 but the first of the rear lobbies (the west one) was not added until after the latter date and the eastern one is modern. Also in the very recent past French windows have been inserted in both elevations of the west wing and the windows have also been reset to achieve a more symmetrical but less historically accurate appearance. Also in the recent past a number of 12 pane sash windows with horns have been inserted. This is a historically incorrect combination as horns only came in with two light sashes in the late 19th century and demonstrates the degree to which the Hall has been the subject of alteration and modification over the years. The various phases of the Hall’s development, in so far as they are extant, are illustrated on the plan at Appendix 2

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HALL AS A HERITAGE ASSET

7.1 Easby Hall is a Grade II Listed Building and therefore must clearly be regarded as a heritage asset as defined in PPS5 ANNEX 2. A number of criteria may be result in a property being listed. These are: • The age of the building. All buildings from before 1700 are listed if in anything like their original condition • Most buildings from between 1700 and 1840 are listed although some selectivity is necessary • Buildings from between 1840 and 1914 are only listed if they are of definite quality and character and the selection is designed to include the principal works of the principal architects • Only selected buildings of high quality from between 1914 and 1939 are listed

Easby Hall has no doubt been listed under the second of the above criteria

7.2 Buildings on the list are graded to reflect their relative special architectural and historic interest. Buildings of historic interest generally justify a higher grading than would otherwise be appropriate architecturally. Easby Hall has no particularly special historical associations and is Grade II listed which places it in the 3rd listing category behind Grade I and Grade II* buildings. In a county where there is a considerable number of houses of the same type it is unlikely to be of more than sub-regional significance as a heritage asset.

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8. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

8.1 The applicants seek permission for the following alterations

8.2 The replacement of 2no metal windows with 2no sliding sashes at first floor level on the two lobby additions attached to the north elevation of the south range to match the majority on the building.

Fig 10: Rear stars tower and lobby additions on either side

The right-hand lobby building was added after 1910 and the subject upper floor room is fitted out as a modern bathroom.

Figs11&12:Bathroom in post-1910 block

The subject window is a four light sandstone mullion with leaded glass lights. The left and right hand ones have opening panes within them. A moulded timber surround and cill have been installed around it, and sliding shutters of frosted glass are mounted in front.

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The left-hand lobby building was added in the 1990s and the subject upper floor room is also fitted out as a modern bathroom. The light sandstone mullioned window is identical to that in the right-hand lobby building.

Fig 13 & 14: Bathroom in 1990s lobby block

8.3 The introduction of 2no new door openings an the existing wall which separates the room at the south end of the west wing from the swimming pool room to the north. The room to the south of the wall is a reception room accessed via a short corridor from the hall. The walls are papered over plasterboard and the plastered ceiling has large ornate moulded plaster cornices. The floor is carpeted timber boards. The decoration is modern

Fig 15: Reception room in south end of west wing

In the centre of the north wall is a marble fireplace. Either side of this the plasterboard has been removed reveal modern studwork and the rough sandstone construction of the wall beneath.

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Figs 16 &17: Wall between reception room and swimming pool in west wing

Figs 18 &19: Wall between swimming pool and reception room and in west wing

North of the wall the remainder of the west wing has been remodelled and decorated as a swimming pool.

8.4 The infilling of 1no opening in the cross wall running east – west across the reception room (see Fig 15 above). The wall has moulded timber pillars at either end, with moulded timber capitals .

8.5 The introduction of 1no new door opening to the east of the fireplace in the room at the south end of the east wing which gives access to the dining room extension.

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Figs 20 &21: The room at the south end of the east wing

The room is accessed from the 1990s lobby (see para.8.2 above) via a large personnel door in the west end of the south wall. There are two further doors in the south wall. The doors have moulded timber architraves and fielded panels. A large personnel doorway in the east wall with no door but with a moulded timber architrave leads to the dining room. In the centre of the north wall is a fireplace with carved timber surround and a timber mantel. The rear of the hearth shows handmade bricks and the hearthstone made up of stone flags. At the north end of the west wall is a large 12 light sash window. The walls are papered and the floor is tiled. The ceiling is of boarded timber s.

9. IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HERITAGE ASSET

9.1 Policy HE 7 requires that, in considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, local planning authorities should take into account the particular nature of the significance of the heritage asset and the value that it holds for this and future generations. This understanding should be used by the local planning authority to avoid or minimise conflict between the conservation of the heritage asset and any aspect of the proposals (7.2).

9.2 The Practice Note supplementing PPS5 makes it clear that there are three essential ingredients to the achievement of this understanding. These are the ‘nature’ of the significance of the heritage asset (para. 55); the ‘extent of the fabric that holds that interest’ (para. 56); and its ‘level of importance’ (para. 57). The ‘nature’ of the significance of Easby Hall as a heritage asset clearly arises from its early Victorian origins resulting in its designation as a Grade II Listed Building and in its characterisation as a “a charming and ingenuous early 19th century house (Pevsner –see para. 5.1 above).

9.3 The ‘extent of the fabric’ that contributes to Easby’s significance as an early Victorian country house and the level of importance of that fabric are therefore crucial when assessing the significance the impact of the above proposals on the Hall as a heritage asset. The former are likely to include early Victorian features ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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and appropriate chronological alterations such as the possible refacing of the south frontage and the addition of the portico. Matters of detail such as windows, doors and staircases would also be relevant. However it will be apparent from the analysis at section 6 above that, although the Hall is still an attractive building with a number of period features, it has been altered substantially over the years and very little of the original fabric is now visible. The north wall of the south range and the extreme south end of the west wall of the east wing may be the only elements that have not been substantially altered. Each of the development proposals will now be considered in turn.

9.4 The two lobby blocks, in which the 2 metal windows are to be replaced with with sliding sashes to match the majority on the building, are late accretions added to the hall in the 20th century. By contrast they have been constructed in a mixture of earlier styles which are clearly at odds with the Victorian character of the hall. The removal of the fake mullioned 17th century style windows will therefore have no impact on the significance of the hall as a heritage asset and will reinstate the style of window that existed before the lobbies were added (see Appendix 3) thus contributing to the symmetry of the hall as has already been achieved by the resetting of the windows on the west elevation of the west wing.

9.5 The introduction of 2 new door openings in the existing wall which separates the room at the south end of the west wing from the swimming pool room to the north. Parts of this wall have already been exposed in both areas. In the south room it is of rough rubble construction latterly studded out but apparently bearing evidence of an earlier plaster coating. In the swimming pool room it appears to be less random and comprises rough stone blocks. We have carefully considered whether this might have been an external wall at some time but have come to the conclusion that this is not the case. The original pre-1831 wing extended far to the north to about its current extremity. Another possibility is that it was the south wall of the opening leading to the courtyard which pierced the wing on the 1840 plan (Fig. 3 above). However on our calculations the south ‘stump’ of the west wing was only about 2m long whereas this wall is about 5m out from the junction with the south range. By the same token it might be considered to be the north wall to this through passage; its position seems more appropriate. However the stonework is the wrong way round as the rough stone blocks visible in the swimming pool should have faced south if they were the external elevation as might be expected. It seems most likely that this has been an internal wall in place at least since the alterations of the 1850s (see para. 6.4 above) and may simply have utilised stone blocks from elsewhere. It is difficult to see how this wall could be included in the ‘extent of the fabric’ that contributes to the significance of Easby Hall as a heritage asset or that it is of any ‘level of importance’ in this respect to the extent that any alteration to it should be precluded.

9.6 We have come to largely the same conclusions about the proposed infilling of the opening between the two short partitions south of the above. Their position is too far south to represent either the north elevation of the 1831 west wing ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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(Fig 2) or the reduced wing shown on the 1841 plan (Fig 3). Their current location does not appear to relate to any of the various phases in the Hall’s development and do not appear to possess any structural integrity. Stylistically they may be associated with the construction of the nearby bay window between 1892 and 1910 (see para.6.6 above) although we understand that this room was redecorated and had new plasterwork fitted in the 1990s. They appear to be part of a non-structural dividing partition which was either broken through during one of the many refurbishment programmes or possibly contained an even more temporary central section such as a glazed partition or even a curtain. In any event the infilling of this gap will not affect the integrity of the two flanking partitions and could not be regarded as having any effect upon the overall significance of the hall as a heritage asset.

9.7 The introduction of a new door opening in the wall to the east of the fireplace in the room at the south end of the east wing appears to affect part of the fabric that may have been constructed in the mid 19th century when the east wing may have been widened in (see para.6.4 above). In any event this wall always appears to have been no more than an internal partition and it is difficult to see how this ‘fabric’ possesses any ‘level of importance’ that contributes to the significance of Easby Hall as a heritage asset and how the impact of the proposed doorway on that significance could be anything other than negligible.

10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

10.1 This assessment has been by prepared on behalf of Messrs Wighton, Jagger, Shaw Architects Ltd of Harrogate and sets out a full appraisal of proposed alterations to Easby Hall as required by PPS5. The assessment has considered the significance of the asset(s) affected by the proposed works and the impact of those works on that significance.

10.2 The assessment has concluded that whilst Easby Hall undoubtedly possesses significance as a heritage asset this arises from its characterisation as an early to mid- Victorian country house. In some cases the proposed alterations are in respect of areas which are not relevant to this characterisation but even where they are they are of such modest proportions as to have no meaningful impact either individually or cumulatively on significance of the Hall as a heritage asset.

10.3 The government’s objectives as set out in PPS5 are, inter alia, to conserve England’s heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance by ensuring that – decisions are based on the nature, extent and level of that significance, and - wherever possible heritage assets are put to an appropriate and viable use that is consistent with their conservation. The current proposals will enable these objectives to be achieved without compromising the significance of Easby Hall as a heritage asset.

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11. BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Abbreviations HER : Historic Environment Record OC : Owners Collection Easby estate documents OS : Ordnance Survey NMR : National Monument Record NY : North Yorkshire NYM : North York Moors NYRO : North Yorkshire Record Office RDH: Register of Dissenting Houses SM : Scheduled Monument VCH : Victoria County History

Maps Jeffrey’s map of Yorkshire, 1771 1831 Plan of the estate lying at Easby in the parish of Stokesley belonging to Robert Campion Esq. as surveyed in the year 1831 by Thomas Watson (OC) 1841 Map included with the Sales Particulars of the sale of Easby Hall 1st edition 6 inch series 1856 OS map 1st edition 25 inch series OS map surveyed 1892 published 1894 2nd edition 25 inch series OS map revised surveyed 1910 published 1913 2nd edition 6” series OS map revised survey 1910-11 published 1919 4th edition 6” series OS map revised survey 1927 published 1930

Secondary Published Sources Baines E. 1823 History Directory and Gazetteer of the County of York Buck S. 1979 Samuel Buck’s Yorkshire Sketchbook facsimile of Samuel Buck volume of sketches of Yorkshire houses Wakefield Historical Publications, facsimile production of British Library, Lansdowne Ms 914. “Mr Walker’s house in Easby” c. 1720 Bulmers Directory 1890 Cathcart King D. J. 1983 Castellarium anglicanum : an index and bibliography of the castles in England, Wales and the Islands. Volume II: Norfolk-Yorkshire and the islands Gentleman’s Magazine 1826 vol 139 page 416 Graves J., 1808 The History of Cleveland in the North Riding of Yorkshire Hearth Tax lists for the North Riding of Yorkshire 1673 Langbaurgh West, Langbaurgh East and Whitby Strand Wapentakes Ripon Historical Society 1991 Hill A. 1971 Elizabethan Court Rolls of Stokesely, Kirby and Easby Bulletin of Cleveland and Teeside Local History Society no 12 Kelly’s Directory North and East Riding of Yorkshire 1913 page 34 Kelly’s Directory North and East Riding of Yorkshire 1921 page 34 Kelly’s Directory North and East Riding of Yorkshire 1925 page 32 Kelly’s Directory North and East Riding of Yorkshire 1929 page 32 Langdale T. 1822, Topographic Directory of North Yorkshire page 32 ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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I'Anson W. M. 1913 The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 22 pp245-7 Ord J.W. 1846 The History and antiquities of Cleveland Page 409-10 Page W. (ed.) 1924 Victoria County History Yorkshire Pevsner N. 1966 The Buildings of England: Yorkshire The North Riding Page 148 Phillips M. 1894 The History of Banks, Bankers and Banking in Northumberland, Durham and North Yorkshire…1755-1894 Race M. 1987 Ayton of Old in Pictures RDH- Register of dissenting meeting houses Scott W.H. 1903 North and East Ridings at the Opening of the 20th century p29 White 1840 East and North Riding Directory page 708 Young G. 1824 A Picture of Whitby and its Environs page 204 Yorkshire Who’s Who 1912

Primary Sources 1881 Census for Easby 1891 Census for Easby 1901 Census for Easby Owners collection of Easby estate documents (referred to in text OC and date of the document) the collection includes:- A letter from Peter Meadows to the owners of Easby Hall in 1992 with notes of historical information he had collected relating to Easby

1725 Several deeds relating to Elizabeth Walker widow of William Walker

30th March 1741 Will of Ralph Walker his wife’s copy bequeaths all to his wife and heirs, Ralph Walker is the son of Elizabeth Walker

12th June 1777 conveyance of lands from Mr Thomas Hutchinson of Stokesley and his wife to Mr John Mathews

15 June 1799 William Lee certificate of the contract for the redemption of land tax - A capital messuage lands and tennements in the township of Easby and Stokesley. In Easby a capital messuage or mansion house called Easby hall and several closes of land with the gardens of and appurttences of the same belonging in the occupancy of Thomas Clark, a messuage and several closes of land in the occupancy of Thomas Thompson ….in the occupancy of William S/Dores…in the occupancy of Jonathan Eden……Making the whole £12 1 71/2 ..land tax for the year 1798

1812 Deed relating to the purchase of woodland belonging to William Garbutt and his wife by Robert Campion in 29th Feb 1812.

1831 Plan of the estate lying at Easby in the parish of Stokesley belonging to Robert Campion Esq. as surveyed in the year 1831 by Thomas Watson- This copy of the map or plan is used with the declaration by John Hansell 23rd day of June 1840 to James Watson to verify Campion’s ownership and is annotated “Map or plan mentioned and referred in and by the declaration of John Hugill declared before me the 23rd day of June 1840 signed James Watson”

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1840 Transcription of the declaration made by John Hansell “John Hansell in the township of Easby farmer do solemly and sincerely declare that I am 60….that I know a mansion House farms milk and lands in Easby belonging to Robert Campion that the said mansion house was built by Robert Campion about 30 years ago upon the site of an ancient hall that one of the said farms on the high land is and has always been known by the name of Burrows greens farm and one of the adjoining woods or pieces of wood land is and always was known by the name of Sowerdale and the other Burrow greens wood. That the other of the said farms is and always was known as Hall Farm. That I have known all the said property for upwards of 50 years … being born in the township of Easby immediately adjoining the said property of Robert Campion and having resided in the said township ever since. That I remember as a boy that Josia Wilson was by my uncle occupied a fulling mill on part of the said property and that the said mill has for many years part been used as a bleach mill and that William Dove occupied the mill after my uncle left it – that when I was a boy one James Nightingale occupied the old Hall and the Hall farm and that the same Hall and farm were afterwards occupied by James Hardy as tenants though that Francis Bell formerly occupied the High farm and afterwards the same was occupied by Thomas Thompson as tenant and I do solemly and sincerely declare that the said property formerly belonged to Mr John Mattews and others the I remember hearing of the failure of the said John Matthews and that shortly afterwards namely about fifty years ago the late William Lee purchased the said property of Mr Matthews on his asignees and that about thirty years since William Lees’ son sold the said property to the said Robert Campion and I further declare that the said Robert Campion a few years after the purchase of the Easby Eastate bought a piece of wood land in the said township of William Garbutt with whom I was very well aquainted and I do solemly declare that the map or plan hereinto annexed and marked A and the description or particulars of the mansion farms milk woods and premises accompanying such plan or laid down thereon is a true …description of the said Mansion farms milk woods and premises. Declared at the house of John Hansell by John Hansell 23 June 1840”

1841 Sales Particulars of the sale of Easby Hall including a map- Particulars and conditions of sale of the manor and freehold estate of Easby sold by auction by Mr. John Hugill by order of the assignees of Mr. Robert Campion a bankrupt together or in lots at the Black Lion Hotel in Stockton on Wednesday 29th September 1841

25th November 1841 Agreement for the sale of the manor and estate of Easby the assignees of Robert Campion to Mrs Ann Baker widow of Finchley for the price of £10,000- Details the estate, the hall, various tenanted farms, cottges, the mill etc…

December 29th 1842 release of the Manor of Easby and of Easby Hall Robert Campion bankrupt and others to the Reverend John Hymers

12 May 1842 lease of a chapel at Easby Mrs Ann Barker of Finchley to Charles Cator Rector of Stokelsey for 10 years at a yearly rent of £8

13th May 1853 lease of a chapel at Easby by James Emerson of Stokesley to Charles Cator the rector of Stokesley church of England services yearly rent of £8

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13th May 1853 Conveyance of the manor of Easby Rev John Hymers and others to James Emerson Esq

Documents in the collection not specifically referred to in the text include:- 31st May 1735 Elizabeth Walker late of Easby widow of William Walker …forthcoming marriage of Suzanna Walker and John Mathews….

16th January 1750 will of Henry Cooke rector of Stokelsey

24th April 1751 will of James Walker of Stokelsey

15th September 1757 mortgage Mrs Bridget Cooke widow of the Rev Cooke of Stokesley of £120 from Mrs Ann Hornby, John and Ann Mathews and Mary Walker

1778 lease of a cottage in Easby

1785 document relating to John Mathews

Document with seal 1786

June 1781 will of John Haviside of Stokelsey

8th September 1795 Will of William Wilson of Great Ayton

1809 will of James Lee of Pinchingthorpe Guisborough

17th March 1836 Will of John Lee of Pinchingthorpe

12 May 1802 lease and release made between William Lee of Stokesley Mercer and Grocer and Robert Lincoln of Kildale yeoman concerning the three closes or parcels of ground commonly called the Fattening Fields and are part and parcel of a farm called Hall Farm belonging to William Lee now in the occupation of Thomas Clarke as tenant

30th January 1841 Mortgage Robert Campion and his trustees to Mr James Walker Mortgage for securing £6500 upon the messuage lands and heridiments at Easby and Whitby

10 October 1848 mortgage of the manor of Easby and Easby Hall and farms and lands and hereditarments in the parish of Stokesley to secure £5000 The Rev John Hymers mortgaged the property to secure the loan from Mrs Rowe and Robert Plummer Esq.

29th Jan 1841 Robert Campion and his trustees to Mr. James Walker Lease of a year Robert Campion and Richard Willis agree to sell to James Walker land in Church Street Whitby and various other houses and land at Whitby, ….”seventhly the entirety of and in all that of the freehold of the manor of Easby, …the mansion house, Easby Hall…land and farmhouse previously occupied by James Nightingale and afterwards Thomas Hardy as tenant, listing various tenanted farms, fulling mill …..more tenanted farms, …. Woodland….and a freehold were a cottage or dwellinghouse ______J.M.Trippier Archaeological and Surveying Consultancy: May 2011

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formerly stood but lately pulled down and a pin fold now being instead thereon ….more details freehold of the and land a Ruswarp etc……

Feb 1843 Schedule of deeds listed in a letter to the Rev John Hymers St John’s College Cambridge Transcribed in full below

“June 1841 copy of certificate of appointment of assignees in Mr Campion’s Bankruptcy

25th Nov 1841 agreement between assignees of Mr Campion and Mrs Barker for the sale of Easby

12 July 1842 Agreement between Mrs Barker and the Rev Hymers for the sale of Easby

No 1 abstract of the deed relating to Easby 4 sheets No 2 additional abstract relating to Easby 4 sheets No 3 abstract of the title to a cottage and garth of Easby 4 sheets No 4 abstract of Mr and Mrs Hall’s to mortgage for £7000 secured on Easby 2 sheets No 5 addition abstract of title to Easby 5 sheets No 6 abstract of deed of 27th august 1836 relating to Easby 3 sheets”

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. Appendix 1: Location Map

Reproduced with permission of the Controller of her Majesty’s Stationary Office. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 00043600

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Appendix 2 An Historical Phasing Plan At Easby Hall, Easby North, Yorkshire

Key

1990s

Post 1910

1892 - 1910

1841 - 1856

Pre 1841 House

1841 Elevation

0 5m

1:200 scale @ A3 N

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APPENDIX 3: ELEVATIONS BEFORE 1989-1990 ALTERATIONS

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