Curriculum Vitae Anil K. Gupta
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Kripke's Theory of Truth
Kripke’s Theory of Truth (for the strong Kleene scheme) Presented by Christopher Gauker Version: July 26, 2006 Contemporary discussions of truth often make reference to Kripke’s theory of truth (presented by Kripke only his 1975 Journal of Philosophy paper). What Kripke did was show how to interpret a language in such a way that it contains its own truth predicate. The fact that the language he describes contains its own truth predicate is proved by means of something called a fixed-point theorem. I have written this document and posted it on the web because it is hard to find a presentation of Kripke’s theory that will be understandable even to readers who have had only a first course in logic. It is my intention that this presentation will be understandable to all readers who have been exposed to at least the following: The languages of ordinary predicate logic. Recursive definitions of truth in a structure for such languages. (Structures are also called models or interpretations.) The basic concepts and notation of set theory, such as curly brackets, membership (“∈”), inclusion (“⊆”), ordered n-tuples, relations and functions. Kripke’s theory of truth builds on a three-valued interpretation of a language. (So sentences may be neither true nor false (N) as well as (T) or false (F).) Various three- valued valuation schemes may be used. Here we will consider only the strong Kleene scheme, which is the only one most people care about. I can take no credit for this presentation. It is nothing more than a distillation from the more general presentation in Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap’s book, The Revision Theory of Truth (MIT Press, 1993) (who in turn acknowledge debts to Fitting and Visser). -
Philosophical Controversies About Objectivity in Classical German Philosophy and Contemporary Analytic Philosophy Padova, 12-23 September 2016
Padova Philosophy Summer School Philosophical Controversies about Objectivity in Classical German Philosophy and Contemporary Analytic Philosophy Padova, 12-23 September 2016 What is objectivity? And what is objective? How do we manage to disagree with each other if something is objectively there? What’s more, how can we understand our mutual disagreement? What happens when we disagree? How can we deal with disagreement? The summer school "Philosophical Controversies about Objectivity" intends to offer an in- depth understanding of some important philosophical disputes, both of the past and present, relating to objectivity as well as the necessary analytical tools for a critical investigation of these debates. Lecturers Andrea Altobrando Teresa Marques Hokkaido University University Pompeu Fabra Pierfrancesco Biasetti Vittorio Morato University of Padua University of Padua Elisa Caldarola Sebastiano Moruzzi University of Padua University of Bologna Massimiliano Carrara Michele Palmira University of Padua University of Barcelona Karin de Boer Marzia Soavi KU Leuven University of Padua Niklas Hebing Gabriele Tomasi Rurh-Universität-Bochum University of Padua Luca Illetterati Whilhelm Vossenkuhl University of Padua Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Max Kölbel Tomoyuki Yamada University of Barcelona Hokkaido University Summer school structure: During the frst two days, introductory classes on the topics of philosophical disagreement and on the tools to analyze them shall be provided. From the third day on, there will be morning classes on disputes concerning objectivity in specifc philosophical areas (ontology, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, philosophy of logic and language, etc.), and afternoon workshops, during which the students will be required to analyze and discuss the disputes introduced during the morning classes. -
Spanish Universities' Sustainability Performance and Sustainability-Related R&D+I
sustainability Article Spanish Universities’ Sustainability Performance and Sustainability-Related R&D+I Daniela De Filippo 1,2,* , Leyla Angélica Sandoval-Hamón 1,3 , Fernando Casani 1,3 and Elías Sanz-Casado 1,4 1 Research Institute for Higher Education and Science (INAECU) (UAM-UC3M), 28903 Getafe, Spain; [email protected] (L.A.S.-H.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (E.S.-C.) 2 Department of Library Science and Documentation, University Carlos III de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain 3 Department of Business Administration, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain 4 Department of Library and Information Science, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain * Correspondence: dfi[email protected] Received: 29 July 2019; Accepted: 8 October 2019; Published: 10 October 2019 Abstract: For its scope and the breadth of its available resources, the university system is one of the keys to implementing and propagating policies, with sustainability policies being among them. Building on sustainability performance in universities, this study aimed to: Identify the procedures deployed by universities to measure sustainability; detect the strengths and weaknesses of the Spanish university system (SUS) sustainability practice; analyse the SUS contributions to sustainability-related Research, Development and Innovation (R&D+I); and assess the efficacy of such practices and procedures as reported in the literature. The indicators of scientific activity were defined by applying scientometric techniques to analyse the journal (Web of Science) and European project (CORDIS) databases, along with reports issued by national institutions. The findings showed that measuring sustainability in the SUS is a very recent endeavour and that one of the strengths is the university community’s engagement with the ideal. -
Limits in the Revision Theory More Than Just Definite Verdicts
Journal of Philosophical Logic https://doi.org/10.1007/s10992-018-9477-y Limits in the Revision Theory More Than Just Definite Verdicts Catrin Campbell-Moore1 Received: 28 July 2016 / Accepted: 11 December 2016 / © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract We present a new proposal for what to do at limits in the revision theory. The usual criterion for a limit stage is that it should agree with any definite verdicts that have been brought about before that stage. We suggest that one should not only consider definite verdicts that have been brought about but also more general properties; in fact any closed property can be considered. This more general framework is required if we move to considering revision theories for concepts that are concerned with real numbers, but also has consequences for more traditional revision theories such as the revision theory of truth. Keywords Revision theory · Self-reference · Circular definitions · Taking limits · Probability 1 Introduction The revision theory is an influential method of working with concepts that are charac- terised by circular definitions, i.e. definitions that refer to that very notion. The most widely studied instance of the revision theory is the revision theory of truth, which was initially developed by Herzberger and Gupta (independently) to study truth in a way that can account for the liar paradox: a sentence which says of itself that it is not true. They take the equivalence “ϕ is true” if and only if ϕ to be one of definition. To apply the definition one starts with a hypothesis about the interpretation of ‘true’ and then revises this hypothesis in accordance with the definition to determine a new This work was done partly while at the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and partly while at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, funded by the college. -
A Note on Extension, Intension, and Truth Author(S): Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap Source: the Journal of Philosophy, Vol
Journal of Philosophy, Inc. A Note on Extension, Intension, and Truth Author(s): Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap Source: The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Mar., 1987), pp. 168-174 Published by: Journal of Philosophy, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2026597 Accessed: 28/05/2009 11:06 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=jphil. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Philosophy, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Philosophy. http://www.jstor.org 168 THE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY A NOTE ON EXTENSION, INTENSION, AND TRUTH* I T is common knowledge that two predicates may coincide in extension but differ in intension and that, for any predicate, one can construct an infinity of coextensional predicates that differ in intension. -
WUDR Biology
www.cicerobook.com Biology 2021 TOP-500 Double RankPro 2021 represents universities in groups according to the average value of their ranks in the TOP 500 of university rankings published in a 2020 World University Country Number of universities Rank by countries 1-10 California Institute of Technology Caltech USA 1-10 Harvard University USA Australia 16 1-10 Imperial College London United Kingdom Austria 2 1-10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA Belgium 7 1-10 Stanford University USA Brazil 1 1-10 University College London United Kingdom Canada 12 1-10 University of California, Berkeley USA China 14 1-10 University of Cambridge United Kingdom Czech Republic 1 1-10 University of Oxford United Kingdom Denmark 4 1-10 Yale University USA Estonia 1 11-20 Columbia University USA Finland 4 11-20 Cornell University USA France 9 11-20 ETH Zürich-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland Germany 26 11-20 Johns Hopkins University USA Greece 1 11-20 Princeton University USA Hong Kong 3 11-20 University of California, Los Angeles USA Ireland 4 11-20 University of California, San Diego USA Israel 4 11-20 University of Pennsylvania USA Italy 11 11-20 University of Toronto Canada Japan 6 11-20 University of Washington USA Netherlands 9 21-30 Duke University USA New Zealand 2 21-30 Karolinska Institutet Sweden Norway 3 21-30 Kyoto University Japan Portugal 2 21-30 Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich Germany Rep.Korea 5 21-30 National University of Singapore Singapore Saudi Arabia 2 21-30 New York University USA Singapore 2 21-30 -
Study Abroad in Spain UPDATED for 2018 Contents
study abroad in Spain UPDATED for 2018 Contents Introduction 3 Higher education in Spain 4 Applications & visas 6 Tuition fees & living costs 9 Funding & exchange programs 11 Student cities 13 Working in Spain after graduation 16 Introduction If the thought of studying abroad somewhere warm and sunny, all while becoming fluent in one of the world’s most-spoken languages, really Maybe you’ve chosen appeals to you, Spain is certainly not going to disappoint. Spain because Maybe you’ve chosen Spain because it’s the country of Velásquez, Miguel it’s the country of de Cervantes, Fernando Torres, Rafael Nadal and Pedro Almodóvar…or maybe you’re just a big fan of churros con chocolate. Velásquez, Miguel de Cervantes, Fernando Whatever the reason, you’re not alone. The number of international students in Spain currently stands at just under 95,000, with many of these Torres, Rafael hailing from the UK, US, France, Brazil and Mexico. Nadal and Pedro If you’re hoping to join this number, continue reading and find out about Almodóvar… Spain’s higher education system, employment prospects after graduation, funding opportunities, exchange programs and advice regarding applications and visas. www.TopUniversities.com How to study abroad in Spain 3 Higher education in Spain Spain has a very long and rich history of encouraging higher education, with one of the world’s oldest universities, the University of Salamanca, tracing its existence back to 1084. With 25 universities in the QS World Universities Rankings® 2019, of Spain has a very which eight are in the global top 300, Spain boasts a handful of the world’s long and rich history most competitive establishments, including Pompeu Fabra University, of encouraging the University of Barcelona, the Autonomous University of Barcelona, higher education, the Autonomous University of Madrid, the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and the University of Navarra. -
Before Refraining: Concepts for Agency Author(S): Nuel Belnap Source: Erkenntnis (1975-), Vol
Before Refraining: Concepts for Agency Author(s): Nuel Belnap Source: Erkenntnis (1975-), Vol. 34, No. 2 (Mar., 1991), pp. 137-169 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20012334 Accessed: 28/05/2009 14:40 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=springer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Erkenntnis (1975-). http://www.jstor.org NUEL BELNAP BEFORE REFRAINING: CONCEPTS FOR AGENCY ABSTRACT. A structure is described that can serve as a foundation for a semantics for a modal agentive construction such as "a sees to it that Q" ([a sur.Q]). -
Contraction and Revision
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PhilPapers Australasian Journal of Logic Contraction and revision Shawn Standefer The University of Melbourne Abstract An important question for proponents of non-contractive approaches to paradox is why contraction fails. One non-contractive theorist, Elia Zardini, offers the answer that paradoxical sentences exhibit a kind of instability. I elaborate this idea using revision theory, and I argue that while instability does motivate failures of contraction, it equally mo- tivates failure of many principles that non-contractive theorists want to maintain. 1 Introduction Non-contractive logics are receiving increased attention as ways of responding to the semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes.1 These logics are often presented in a proof-theoretic form, characterized by their rejection of the structural rules of contraction, (W `) and (` W ). X; A; A; Z ` Y X ` Y; A; A; Z (W `) (` W ) X; A; Z ` Y X ` Y; A; Z There is a philosophical question of why contraction fails. One prominent non-contractive theorist, Elia Zardini, justifies the failure of contraction by an appeal to unstable states of affairs, using some ideas from revision theory.2 1See Petersen[2000], Zardini[2011], Shapiro[2011], Beall and Murzi[2013], Mares and Paoli[2014], and Murzi and Shapiro[2015], among others. See French and Ripley [2015] for a good overview of the area. There are other approaches that reject forms of contraction for the conditional but maintain the structural rule of contraction, e.g. Brady [2006], Field[2008, 2014, 2016], Beall[2009], and Bacon[2013]. My focus will be on the approaches that reject the structural rule. -
Research at the University of Barcelona
Research at the University of Barcelona May 2016 16360_Research_UB_2016.indd 1 30/06/16 15:59 Coordination Vice-Rectorate for Research, Innovation and Transfer, University of Barcelona Francesca Gallego, Amanda Fillat & Conxita Avila Published by Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona Adolf Florensa, s/n 08028 Barcelona Tel.: 934 035 430 www.publicacions.ub.edu [email protected] ISBN 978-84-475-4035-8 The Vice-Rectorate for Research, Innovation and Transfer acknowledges the contribution made by the following UB units and/or institutions: UB Office of Research Management – OGR (UB-GREC database); UB Office for International Research Projects (OPIR); UB research institutes; research institutes in which the UB participates; Bosch i Gimpera Foundation (FBG); Barcelona Science Park (PCB), and the Scientific and Technological Centres – UB (CCiT-UB). Acronyms SGRs: Research groups recognized by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government); ICREA researchers: those part of the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), a foundation supported by the Catalan Government; RyC researchers: those of the Ramón y Cajal programme (Spanish Government). 2 Contents Foreword to the 2016 Edition 4 The University of Barcelona as a Leading Research University 6 1. Research Groups: SGRs 9 2. Overview of the H2020 programme 13 3. ERC Grants 23 4. High Impact Publications in 2015 25 5. Research Institutes of the University of Barcelona 27 6. Research Institutes in which the University of Barcelona Participates 43 7. Scientific and Technological Centres of the University of Barcelona 55 8. Bosch i Gimpera Foundation 57 9. Barcelona Science Park 63 3 16360_Research_UB_2016.indd 3 30/06/16 16:00 Foreword to the 2016 Edition It is a pleasure to present the 2016 edition of the University of Barcelona Re- search Report, which offers an overview of the research assets, projects and the most relevant results obtained for the period 2010-2015. -
1 Truth and Falsehood
Trends in Logic 36 Wansing Shramko · Trends in Logic 36 Yaroslav Shramko · Heinrich Wansing Truth and Falsehood An Inquiry into Generalized Logical Values The book presents a thoroughly elaborated logical theory of generalized truth values understood as subsets of some established set of (basic) entities. After elucidating the importance of the very notion of a truth value in logic and philosophy, the authors ex- amine some possible ways of generalizing this notion. The useful four-valued logic of first-degree entailment by Nuel Belnap and Michael Dunn and the notion of a bilattice Yaroslav Shramko (a lattice of truth values with two ordering relations) constitute the basis for further generalizations. By doing so, the authors elaborate the idea of a multilattice and, most Heinrich Wansing notably, a trilattice of truth values – a specific algebraic structure with an information ordering and two distinct logical orderings, one for truth and another for falsity. Each logical order not only induces its own logical vocabulary, but also determines its own entailment relation. Both semantic and syntactic ways of formalizing these relations by constructing various logical calculi are considered Truth This book is an exceptional contribution to philosophical logic; no one who thinks about truth values should miss it. Taking Truth and Falsehood as objects in Frege's way, the 1 authors serve up a compelling combination of (1) authoritative, encyclopedic, and philo- and Falsehood Truth sophically sensitive history, (2) a careful and persuasive presentation of their beautiful and superuseful theory of sixteen (not just algebraic but really logical) truth values structured and Falsehood as a trilattice, and (3) a dazzling array of related conceptually motivated formal develop- ments that bring the reader to the forefront of current research. -
Gupta Comment
Discussion of Anil Gupta's “Outline of an Account of Experience” The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Byrne, Alex et al. "Discussion of Anil Gupta's “Outline of an Account of Experience”." Analytic Philosophy 59, 1 (March 2018): 75-88 © 1999-2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phib.12121 Publisher Wiley Version Author's final manuscript Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123434 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Comments on Gupta Alex Byrne 1. Transitions Fundamental to Gupta’s picture is the idea of a “rational transition”. The role of experience, he thinks, “is not to provide the subject knowledge of anything or to bestow a rational or justificatory status on…beliefs or judgments”, but to “render rational certain transitions, including transitions from views to judgments”. His central non-perceptual example of a rational transition involves modus-ponens reasoning from the two premises, B and if B then C, to the conclusion C. And that does indeed seem to be rational or reasonable, in some sense of these elastic terms. Something is going right if someone reasons in this way—at least it’s better than affirming the consequent. Since valid reasoning, as Gupta emphasizes, implies nothing about whether the premises are true, or justifiably believed, or known, this example might seem to suggest that the rationality of transitions and the rationality of beliefs are quite different matters.