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Proboscidean Fossils from the San Simon River Valley, Graham and Cochise Counties, Arizona

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Proboscidean Fossils from the San Simon River Valley, Graham and Cochise Counties, Arizona McCord, R.D. and Boaz, D. eds. Southwest Paleontological Symposium - Proceedings 2000 Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletm NO.7 Mesa Southwest Museum and Southwest Paleontological Society Mesa, Arizona Copyright 2000 PROBOSCIDEAN FOSSILS FROM THE SAN SIMON RIVER VALLEY, GRAHAM AND COCHISE COUNTIES, ARIZONA. B. J. Tegowski Richard S. White Southwest Paleontological Society Curator Southern Chapter International Wildlife Museum P.O. Box 1231 4800 Gates Pass Road Sonoita, Arizona 85637 Tucson, Arizona 85745 ABSTRACT Fossil elephants have been reported from deposits in the San Simon River Valley since 1936. We record here all known occurrences of proboscideans from that area, and record the latest find, a nearly complete skull that was recovered in 1999. The skull represents an adult Columbian Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) which was at least 45 years old at the time of its death. We also comment on the difficulty of allocating individual teeth to either Rhynchotherium or Cuvieronius and question a number of earlier identifications. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL 1984). Wood reported "mastodon bone and teeth SETTING fragments" throughout the section at 111 Ranch, and based his specific identification on an M3 The part of the San Simon River Valley with (UA-83) from the "middle limestone unit" (Wood, which we are concerned begins near Safford, 1962:59). Wood compared his specimen to Arizona, where the San Simon River empties into Stegomastodon mirificus described by Savage the Gila River, and extends some 55 miles (1955) from the Panhandle of Texas. Galusha et al southeast to just east of San Simon, Arizona. (1984) do not include Stegomastodon in their faunal Although the San Simon Valley extends further list; presumably their listing of Rhyncotherium and south, none of the finds reported here were found Cuvieronius includes this specimen. south of San Simon. The valley is filled with gravels, sands, silts and clays collectively tenned 2. Rhynchotherium sp. Reported by Knechtel in the "Gila Conglomerate", of Pliocene age, which 1936 and 1938, from Bear Springs (map reference: are in tum overlain by a mantle of Pleistocene and SE I;4 of Section 9, T7S, R23E). A portion ofa skull Holocene gravels and sands. Thrasher (this with teeth, identified by C. L. Gazin from the volume) provides a useful summary of the geology Smithsonian Institution, on the basis of photographs of the area, which we will not repeat here. and casts of the tooth crowns. HISTORICAL REVIEW OF 3. Rhynchotherium sp. Galusha and others (1984) reported the occurrence of Rhynchotherium sp. at PREVIOUS FINDS 1I I Ranch, although they do not provide the basis for that identification. I. Stegomastodon mirificus. Reported from 1I I Ranch in a dissertation done under John Lance's 4. Rhynchotherium falconeri Although collected supervision at the University of Arizona by Paul from the Duncan Valley east of the San Simon Wood (1962). This record is presumably the basis Valley. this specimen should be mentioned, for later records ofRhynchotherium (Galusha et ai, especially given other less complete records of 101 Rhynchotherium from the San Simon Valley. [t actually located in the NE 1;4 of Section 31. Chipped consists of a complete skull and lower jaw, with stone artifacts were reported as occurring 60 tusks collected in 1986. Tbe specimen is displayed centimeters above the tusk and 10 meters to the at the Las Vegas Museum of Natural History; a west. The artifacts are in the Arizona State Museum cast will be part of the new exhibit at the Mesa collection. It is surprising that this site was not Southwest Museum. Miller (1990) described the further investigated, given the exc itement caused by specimen in detail. similar finds at Double Adobe, located to the west in the Sulphur Springs Valley, in 1927. 5. Cuvieronius sp. Galusha and others (1984) report Cuvieronius as present in the III Ranch 9. Mammuthus sp. Saunders 1970 thesis, "The Fauna. They do not provide the basis for this Distribution and Taxonomy of Mammuthus in identification. Arizona", lists only a single record for mammoth in Graham County. He records "a few enamel plates" 6. "mastodon (or gomphothere)" Thrasher (this as having been found in the Whitlock Valley. The volume) mentions a poorly preserved proboscidean locality is A35 in the University of Arizona lower leg which was found between Dry Mountain Laboratory of Paleontology system; a precise and the Power Line in April, 1991 (map reference: location is not known. SW Y4 of Section 14, TIOS, R28E). Only a few toe bones were collected. Present location of the 10. Mammuthus sp. A "nearly complete" mammoth specimen is unknown. A photograph in the Bureau tibia was found in surficial, presumably Pleistocene, of Land Management (BLM) files shows the very gravels south of Safford in 1991 (map reference: deteriorated and weathered tibia, the tuber calcis of SW V4 of the NE 1;4 of the NW V4 of Section 29, the calcaneum, and miscellaneous toe bones T7S, R26E). This specimen is currently on display including sesamoids. at the BLM headquarters in Safford. 7. Mastodont, unident. A few toe bones of an II. Mammuthus sp. On file at the BLM office in unidentified mastodont were located in May of Safford is a record of a single mammoth tooth 1999 in the NW 1/4 of Section 9, T9S, R28E. From found February 1, 1991 along the banks ofthe San photographs in the BLM files, the preservation of Simon Creek 1/3 mile east of the mouth of Ryan these bones is such that it is assumed that they Draw (map reference: SE V4 of Section I, TIl S, came from the classic III Ranch fauna, and R28E). Photographs show a single tooth in presumably represent either Rhynchotherium or fragments, which appears to be an upper M 3/. Cuvieronius. 12. Mammuthus sp. Thrasher (ms) mentions a skull 8. Mammuthus sp. (7). BLM records include a with tusks, which was found in the Bowie zeolite report of a mammoth tusk found October 1, 1939 pit southwest of the Whitlock Mountains in March by Emil W. Haury and Florence Connolly. The site of 1992. The find is record as located in the NW 1;4 is recorded as Ariz CC: 12:2 in the Archaeological of Section 27, TIl S, R29E in the BLM files. This Site Files of the Arizona State Museum, which specimen is reported to be housed in the University include a sketch map made at the time of the of Arizona collections. One partial tusk is on dis­ discovery. The locality is given as 1Y2 miles east of play at the BLM office in Safford. Thrasher reports San Simon, 100 meters north of State Highway 86 this as Pleistocene in age. Photographs in the files where it crosses the San Simon Creek, on the west ofthe BLM office in Safford clearly show part ofa bank, in Cochise County. BLM records indicate the skull and one tooth still in place. No specimens site location as the NW V4 of Section 32, TI3S, were located in the University of Arizona R31E. Review of the records at the Arizona State collections. Museum, and the maps, indicates that the site is 102 " ", , ... ~. c: o ~, c u CD o If. ... ~ U1 a: 1.01 c 0 o -' ... E Cii ~ a r.rJ 2 ~ ..•. o 13. Mammuthus sp. A badly fragmented tusk of a mammoth skull. The managers of the quarry mammoth was found in February of 1996 a short immediately stopped work in the vicinity of the distance west of the skull mentioned in # 12 above find. The company then contacted Larry Thrasher (map reference: NW I;4 of Section 27, Til S, R29E). of the BLM office in Safford. 14. Mammuthus sp. Some miscellaneous bones of The part of the skull that was exposed included a mammoth were found in 1974 about 2 miles south the palate, molars and zygomatic arches. The skull ofSolomon. The location is in the NW I;4 of Section was lying face down with the palate oriented ap­ 36, T7S, R27E, on the west side of the San Simon proximately vertically. The wall containing the River. Dr. E. H. Lindsay and Kevin Moodie of the skull was facing north, approximately 30 feet high, University of Arizona Laboratory of Paleontology with the exposed portion located about two feet collected the material. Bones present are the right below the top of the wall. and left calcanea, the right astragalus, right meta­ tarsals II, III, and IV, and a partial thoracic vertebra. Mr. Thrasher examined the find on March 18th. Preservation of these specimens is excellent, with He treated the exposed parts of the skull with pre­ the bone indurated and dark brown in color. The servative, and directed the efforts of the Morris bones are from a very large individual; they match Sand and Gravel Company to stabilize the site. nearly identically the measurements of the type of Thrasher decided to wait until Dr. Everett Lindsay, Mammuthusjloridanus in the American Museum of of the University of Arizona, was available to Natural History as recorded by Osborn (1942: 1113). complete excavating the skull. During the night of These bones are not catalogued into the University March 19th or morning of March 20th, someone of Arizona collections. removed one of the teeth. 15. Mammuthus columbi The find reported in this Now increasingly concerned about the security paper, an eroded skull with teeth but no tusks, was of the site, Mr. Thrasher called the Mesa Southwest found in the spring of 1999 in a sand and gravel pit Museum and spoke to Doug Wolfe, Assistant about one mile south of Safford (map reference: SE Curator for Geology of Mesa Southwest Museum, I;4 of the SW 114 of the NE I;4 of Section 29, T7S, asking him ifthe Museum could provide assistance R26E).
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