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Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks

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Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks Edward J. Petuch Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University Photography by Dennis Sargent Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130226 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-7980-4 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com To my wife, Linda J. Petuch, and my children, Eric, Brian, and Jennifer, and to my scientific heroes, Rachel Carson and William Healey Dall Contents Foreword .........................................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... xiii Introduction: American molluscan faunas in time and space ...............................................xv About the author ........................................................................................................................ xvii Chapter 1 The molluscan provincial concept in the tropical western Atlantic .............1 History of molluscan biogeographic research in the western Atlantic ..................................1 Denition of the molluscan faunal province ..............................................................................4 Denition of the molluscan subprovince ....................................................................................6 Provinciatones .................................................................................................................................7 Geographical heterochrony ...........................................................................................................8 Submergence and endemic bathyal faunas .................................................................................9 Western Atlantic paleoprovinces and paraprovincialism ...................................................... 10 Chapter 2 Provinces of the tropical western Atlantic .......................................................15 Carolinian Province ...................................................................................................................... 15 Faunal analysis of Carolinian mollusks .................................................................................... 19 Caribbean Province ......................................................................................................................20 Faunal analyses of Caribbean mollusks ....................................................................................22 Brazilian Province .........................................................................................................................22 Faunal analyses of Brazilian mollusks .......................................................................................25 Western Atlantic amphiprovincial mollusks ............................................................................26 Chapter 3 Molluscan biodiversity in the Georgian Subprovince ..................................31 Carolinas and Georgia coastal lagoons .....................................................................................32 Carolinas and Georgia offshore scallop beds ...........................................................................34 Carolinas and Georgia offshore coral bioherms ......................................................................35 Georgian deep- water areas ..........................................................................................................37 Palm Beach Provinciatone ...........................................................................................................40 Chapter 4 Molluscan biodiversity in the subprovinces of the Florida Peninsula ......47 Molluscan biodiversity in the Floridian Subprovince .............................................................47 Florida Bay ecosystems ................................................................................................................49 Florida Keys reef tracts ................................................................................................................. 51 Deep- water areas off the Florida Keys .......................................................................................54 Molluscan biodiversity in the Suwannean Subprovince ........................................................57 vii viii Contents Chapter 5 Southern and western subprovinces of the Carolinian Province ...............65 Molluscan biodiversity in the Texan Subprovince ...................................................................65 Texan coastal lagoons ................................................................................................................... 67 Molluscan biodiversity in the Yucatanean Subprovince .........................................................69 Yucatanean coastal lagoons .........................................................................................................71 Endemism on the offshore Yucatan Banks and deep- water areas ........................................71 Chapter 6 Northern subprovinces of the Caribbean Province ........................................75 Molluscan biodiversity in the Bermudan Subprovince ...........................................................75 Molluscan biodiversity in the Bahamian Subprovince ...........................................................78 Endemism on the Bahama Banks ...............................................................................................80 Endemism in Bahamian deep- water areas ...............................................................................85 Molluscan biodiversity in the Antillean Subprovince.............................................................89 Belizean reefs and eastern Yucatan islands ..............................................................................90 Endemism in the Greater Antilles ..............................................................................................92 Chapter 7 Molluscan biodiversity in the Nicaraguan Subprovince ..............................97 Coastal Central America ............................................................................................................ 100 Endemism on the Bay Islands of Honduras ............................................................................ 104 Honduran and Nicaraguan offshore banks ............................................................................ 106 San Blas Archipelago .................................................................................................................. 107 Chapter 8 Molluscan biodiversity in the Venezuelan Subprovince ............................113 Golfo de Morrosquillo and Colombian coast .......................................................................... 115 Endemism along the Goajira Peninsula .................................................................................. 117 Golfo de Venezuela ..................................................................................................................... 120 Venezuelan deep- water areas ....................................................................................................125 Chapter 9 Molluscan biodiversity in the Grenadian and Surinamian Subprovinces ........................................................................................................129 Lesser Antilles and Grenadines ...............................................................................................
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