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557131 Bk Organ EU 22/07/2004 01:43Pm Page 8 557131 bk Organ EU 22/07/2004 01:43pm Page 8 DDD The Organ Encyclopedia 8.557131 DIALOGUE FOR TWO ORGANS Cherubini • Galuppi • Clementi Bonazzi • Busi • Canneti Luigi Celeghin • Bianka Pezi´c The organs ‘in cornu Evangelii’ by Gaetano Callido (1785) (left) and ‘in cornu Epistolae’ by Pietro Nacchini (1757) (right), Basilica Pontificia Maria SS. della Misericordia, S. Elpidio a Mare, Ascoli Piceno, Italy 8.557131 8 557131 bk Organ EU 22/07/2004 01:43pm Page 2 Dialogue for Two Organs rhythmische, harmonische und melodische Stilmittel Naki´c im damals zur Republik Venedig gehörenden Cherubini • Galuppi • Clementi • Bonazzi • Busi • Canneti des damaligen Wortschatzes verbunden sind, bildet die Dalmatien geboren. Er trat in den Orden der vierte Sonate einen stillen, transparenten und linearen Franziskaner ein und wurde einer der bedeutendsten Dialogue: “a verbal interchange, conversation between Italian”, like those of the Clementi and Bonazzi pieces, Schlussdialog. Orgelbauer in der Region um Venedig. Im Laufe seines two or more persons … a composition for two or more is held in the Milan Cathedral archive. All these works Francesco Canneti (1807-1884) wurde 1848 Lebens baute er rund 500 Instrumente, und ähnlich voices or instruments”. Intelligence, logic and reason all have been newly published by Armelin (Padua). In the Organist und maestro di cappella des Domes von produktiv war auch sein Schüler und Nachfolger have a part to play, not only in human conversation, but anonymous piece, the thematic elements (variously Vicenza. Noch heute erinnert das Instituto Musicale Callido, der 1770 zum Orgelbauer des Markusdoms also in musical dialogues, through simplicity of transposed) are passed back and forth, echo-like, F. Canneti an die großen künstlerischen Leistungen, die ernannt wurde: Dieser stammte aus der Gegend von expression, hexachordal mutation of Gregorian chant, between the two instruments, thereby creating a er in seiner Heimatstadt auch als Lehrer vollbracht hat. Padua und brachte es immerhin auch auf 400 Orgeln. well-considered responses to musical cues, and so on. transparent, flowing musical texture, with richer Im Gegensatz zu dem fast gleichaltrigen Bologneser Seit etwa zwanzig Jahren verfügt die Basilica della These dialogues for two organs originate in part harmonies generally occurring at the cadences. Busi stand er der zeitgenössischen Oper Misericordia über zwei spielbare Instrumente. from the practice of alternatim, in which the instrument Also included on this CD is the Sonata for two aufgeschlossener gegenüber. Es war damals durchaus Ursprünglich hatte es hier lediglich eine Orgel von would both add to and draw inspiration from a complex organs by Muzio Clementi (1752-1832), prodigy, üblich, Ouvertüren, Arien, Märsche und andere Nacchini gegeben – und zwar auf der rechten Seite des polyphonic texture. Organ improvisation is moreover composer, pianist and publisher. His skill in the Ausschnitte berühmter Bühnenwerke auf die Orgel zu Chores. Dieser hatte man aus Gründen des optischen centuries-old, as shown by this reference made to it by pianistic idiom is evident in this piece, which is divided übertragen. Ein Musterbeispiel für diese Mode ist Gleichgewichts auf der linken Seite eine bloße Fassade Girolamo Diruta (c.1550- after 1612) in his organ into three principal sections: Allegro molto-Allegretto- Cannetis Finale für zwei Orgeln aus der Oper Aida von gegenübergestellt. 1981 wurde dann die Callido-Orgel treatise Il Transilvano: “… listening in St Mark’s Allegro molto. Ferdinando Bonazzi (1764-1845) was Verdi – ein durch und durch unterhaltsames Stück, das von der benachbarten Kirche San Francesco in die (Venice), that most famous of churches, to a duel first organist at Milan Cathedral and his Suonata and mit den Klängen des Triumphmarsches endet. Basilika „umgesiedelt“, und auf diese Weise eröffneten between two organs responding to one another with Pastoral for two organs both come from its archive. We Die Aufnahmen entstanden in der großartigen sich völlig neue musikalische Möglichkeiten in einem such skill and grace that I was almost beside myself, and know that there were two organists at Milan, who would Basilica Pontificia Maria SS. Dell Misericordia, die sich akustisch vollkommenen Raum. Hier erleben heute die longing to meet these two great champions, I waited by take turns to play the two exquisite instruments built by wunderbar in das mittelalterliche Stadtbild von S. Organisten und Orgelmusikfreunde aus aller Welt the door until I saw appear Claudio Merulo and Andrea Gian Giacomo Antegnati (1559) and Cristoforo Elpidio a Mare einfügt und unter anderem wegen ihrer ähnlich faszinierende Dialoge wie weiland Girolamo Gabrieli…”. The cities of Venice, Milan, Padua, Valvassori (1607). The presence of these instruments Gemälde und Fresken von Andrea Boscoli, Pomarancio Diruta, der gebannt am Eingang des Markusdoms Bologna, Rome and Naples — whose churches boasted (subsequently modified) probably explains the quantity und Andrea Lilli berühmt ist. Berühmt sind auch die verharrte, um den musikalischen Wettstreit der beiden instruments constructed by the greatest organ-builders of works written for two organs. The style galant of the beiden Orgeln der Kirche, die von zwei der größten großen venezianischen Meister in vollen Zügen — all, thanks to the musical genius and imagination of first piece by Bonazzi contrasts with the pastoral Orgelbauer Venetiens gebaut wurden, von Pietro auszukosten. their organist-composers, played a part in establishing gracefulness of the second, which unfolds in three Nacchini (1694-nach 1769) und seinem Schüler compositional criteria and various different musical sections: Andante-Minuetto Allegro-Allegro. Gaëtano Callido (1727-1813). Nacchini wurde als Petar Deutsche Fassung: Cris Posslac forms, of which this CD contains a number of examples, The Four Sonatas for two organs by the Bolognese the latest work dating from the mid-nineteenth century. composer Giuseppe Busi (1808-71) show how the The Sonata for two organs by the Florentine idiom was developing under the influence of opera, composer Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842) is dated 1780, which was by then the dominant musical form in Italy. Milan. The lighthearted opening theme is followed by a The Four Sonatas are written in different tempi masterful display of counterpoint in two fugues, for the (Sonata I Allegro giusto; Sonata II Adagio; Sonata III first and second organ respectively. The initial theme Allegro; Sonata IV Largo) but the first three employ the returns at the end in a duel of rhythm and movement by then standard rhythmic and harmonic (and, often, before the two join in unison at the final cadence. In his melodic) stimuli. The Fourth Sonata progresses in a light and elegant Sonata for two harpsichords, or organ more subdued manner, its dialogue linear and and spinet, Baldassare Galuppi, “Il Buranello” (1707- transparent, while denser harmonies emphasise 85), favours the style galant, the simplified and stylised moments of expressive tension. descendant of the Baroque. The score of the nineteenth- Even more obviously influenced by the musical century Sonata for two organs by an “anonymous world of his time was the organist-composer Francesco 8.557131 2 7 8.557131 557131 bk Organ EU 22/07/2004 01:43pm Page 6 vor seinem großen internationalen Durchbruch, der sich Clementi (1752-1832) zeigt von Anfang an das Canneti (1807-84). Organ transcriptions of symphonies, Pomarancio and Lilli among others, but also two Mitte der 1780er allmählich andeutete: Cherubini ging pianistische Empfinden ihres Verfassers, der sich als arias, marches and other such pieces by famous internationally renowned organs. The quality of these zunächst nach London und lernte 1785 in Paris den Komponist, Lehrer und Klavierhändler einen Namen composers were commonplace by this time, and instruments along with the church’s impeccable Geiger Viotti kennen, für dessen neue Operntruppe er machte. Er war der Sohn eines römischen Canneti’s Finale for two organs from Verdi’s Aida is an acoustics and beautiful sound synthesis make this a dann seit 1789 als musikalischer Direktor tätig war. Silberschmieds, hatte seinen frühen Unterricht in seiner entertaining example, bringing our programme to an unique setting for music-making. Nach einer revolutionsbedingten Unterbrechung Heimatstadt erfahren und hatte mit 14 Jahren kurze Zeit end with the well-known Triumphal March. unterrichtete Cherubini an dem neuen Pariser Institut die Orgel an San Lorenzo in Damaso gespielt. Der Nestling in the medieval town of Sant’Elpidio a Luigi Celeghin National de Musique, aus dem das berühmte Vetter des englischen Schriftstellers William Beckford Mare, the magnificent Basilica of the Madonna della Konservatorium hervorging, das er viele Jahre soll ihn dann dem Vernehmen nach für sieben Jahre Misericordia contains not only works of art by Boscoli, English translation: Susannah Howe beherrschen sollte. Die hier eingespielte Sonate ist trotz „gekauft“ und vornehmlich auf seinem Landsitz in ihrer frühen Entstehungszeit eine kontrapunktische Dorset beschäftigt habe. Clementi machte später in Meisterleistung, in der die beiden Instrumente nach London als Instrumentalist und Komponist Karriere. einem fröhlichen ersten Thema jeweils mit einer Fuge Reisen führten ihn in verschiedene europäische zu Worte kommen und sich am Ende in einem Musikzentren, so auch nach Wien, wo er sich mit rhythmisch bewegten Wettstreit zusammenfinden. Mozart ein denkwürdiges pianistisches Duell lieferte.
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