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Planning for Combined Trips of Bicycling and Public Transport in the Capital Region of Denmark

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PLANNING FOR COMBINED TRIPS OF BICYCLING AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE CAPITAL REGION OF DENMARK A RESEARCH STUDY OF A TRANSFORMATION PROCESS (Copenhagenize, 2017) Simon Mølgård Larsson MSc in Engineering in Sustainable Cities Master Thesis Aalborg University Supervisor: Morten Elle 12th of January 2018 Simon Mølgård Larsson MSc in Engineering in Sustainable Cities Master Thesis Aalborg University Supervisor: Morten Elle 12th of January 2018 1 Preface This thesis has come about as I think it is important to focus on how the increasing car traffic in The Capital Region of Denmark can be reduced. In that perspective the combination of public transport and bicycling will be a good alternative to the car. There have not been made many investigations of this synergy, thus this thesis will analyze how it can be a more dominating transport mode in the region. I will like to give a special thanks to my supervisor Morten Elle for providing good feedback and knowledge, and for guiding me through the process. I will also thank the eight interviewees for the useful empirical knowledge and data they have provided this thesis with, and for inviting me to conferences and meetings about the topic. They are: Lene Wagner Hartmann – The Municipality of Furesø Annette Kayser – The Municipality of Copenhagen Jakob Schiøtt Stenbæk Madsen - The Municipality of Copenhagen Zofia Jagielska - The Road Directorate Jan Jørgensen - The Transport, Construction and Housing Authority Ole Bjergager - DSB Properties Jakob Skovgaard Villien - The Capital Region Anna Hviid Garrett - The Cycle Superhighway Secretary 2 Abstract This thesis will investigate how the combined trip of bicycling and public transport can be planned and governed in order to transform it into a more dominating transport mode in The Capital Region of Denmark. Even though it is a highly used transport mode already, the car traffic is increasing in the region, and it is assessed that there is an unfulfilled potential in making the combined trip a better alternative. Therefore it will be analyzed how a transformation of the combined trip can be established in the frame of ‘transition theory’ and with scientific research of ‘state of the art’ of this synergy between bicycling and public transport. It will be analyzed how this transformation can be planned and governed on a regional, municipal and local scale in The Capital Region. On the regional planning level in The Capital Region it is analyzed how a reorganization of the governing of regional bicycle and public transport projects can be integrated in a reflexive mannered governance approach with multi-actor participation and long-term planning. Through a case study of Furesø Municipality in the suburbs of Copenhagen, it will be analyzed how a municipality, which is considered to be a pioneer of bicycle integration, still has to experiment with new solutions to reduce the high number of car trips which is conducted in Furesø. These experiments have to be anchored across the plans and strategies within the municipality, but also in the surrounding municipalities in The Capital Region and in the traffic companies. The case study of Ny Ellebjerg Station, which is a future traffic hub in Copenhagen, will contribute with solutions on how collaboration between the actors and installation of new bicycle infrastructure can improve the combined trip. Keywords: Combined Trips, Public Transport, Bicycling, Transformation, Governance, Regional Planning, Municipal Planning, Local Planning 3 Table of contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 Problem Analysis .................................................................................................................. 7 Challenges and consequences of car traffic in The Capital Region ................................... 7 The traffic planning paradigm ............................................................................................ 9 Alternatives - The role of bicycling and public transport ................................................... 10 Actors involved in the synergy ......................................................................................... 11 Regional responsibility ..................................................................................................... 13 Cycle Superhighways ...................................................................................................... 13 Research Field .................................................................................................................... 14 Furesø Municipality ......................................................................................................... 14 Ny Ellebjerg Station ......................................................................................................... 16 State of the art .................................................................................................................... 17 The mobile society........................................................................................................... 17 The synergetic system of public transport and bicycles ................................................... 18 Bicycling and busses ....................................................................................................... 20 Catchment areas ............................................................................................................. 20 Theoretical framework ......................................................................................................... 23 Transition theory .............................................................................................................. 23 Planning for a transformative change ........................................................................... 25 Reflexive governance: an approach to transition management ........................................ 26 Criticism, limitations and appliance of transition theory in the analysis ............................ 28 Methodological framework .................................................................................................. 30 Case study and structural analysis .................................................................................. 31 Semi-structured interviews .............................................................................................. 32 Participation in external conferences and meetings ......................................................... 34 Literature review and document study ............................................................................. 34 Reflections and limitations of methodologies ................................................................... 35 Structure of the analysis ...................................................................................................... 36 Planning and governing for the combined trips in The Capital Region ................................. 37 Transition arena of combined trips in The Capital Region ................................................ 37 Regional organization and projects .............................................................................. 37 The role of the traffic companies .................................................................................. 40 Long term planning .......................................................................................................... 42 Divided responsibility ................................................................................................... 42 4 Financing ..................................................................................................................... 44 Development of visions ................................................................................................ 45 Experiments .................................................................................................................... 46 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 49 Case study of Furesø Municipality ...................................................................................... 50 Transport patterns in Furesø Municipality ........................................................................ 50 Established synergetic projects of bicycling and public transport ..................................... 52 Planning for combined trips ............................................................................................. 53 Transition arena of combined trips in Furesø Municipality ............................................... 55 Long term visions ............................................................................................................ 57 Experiments .................................................................................................................... 58 Evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 61 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 62 Case study of Ny Ellebjerg Station ...................................................................................... 63 Planning and facilitating combined trips on a local scale ................................................. 63 Ny Ellebjerg Station ........................................................................................................
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