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Asians in the Maine Economy Opportunities for Growth

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Asians in the Maine Economy Opportunities for Growth Asians in the Maine Economy Opportunities for Growth 66 Winthrop Street 2nd Floor P.O. Box 437 Augusta, ME 04332 Tel: 207-622-7381 Fax: 207-622-0239 www.mecep.org Maine Center for Economic Policy Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgments . 3 Executive Summary . 4 Introduction . 6 Immigration and Resettlement in Maine . 8 Immigration Law and Refugee Policy Affecting Asian Migration . 10 Maine’s Asian Population . 11 Historic and Future Growth . 11 Geographic Location . 12 Education and Economy . 14 Educational Attainment . 14 Business Ownership . 15 Workforce Participation . 16 Industry Snapshots . 18 Destination Maine . 19 A Brief History of Chinese Immigration from an Immigrant Perspective . 20 Personal Connections . 22 Ah-Kau & Sally Ng . 24 Aspara Kumarage . 26 Sovann Meas . 28 Alex & Sharon Yeung . 30 Ngo Vinh Long . 32 Atif & Farzeen Sheikh . 35 Indriani Demers . 36 Yueying Bloomer . 38 Pirun Sen . 40 Aye Mie Mie . 42 Chiharu Naruse . 44 Laongdao Suppasettawat . 46 Yichang Jia . 48 Poonsri Sawangjaeng . 50 Sitha Kimball & Sakun Prak . 52 Priya Natarajan . 54 Pronsavanh Soutthivong . 56 Ruky Somasundera . 58 Dolores Atienza Barcebal . 60 Wei-Teh Tai & Karen Morency . 62 Se Chung . 64 Thao Duong . 66 Sheena Bunnell . 68 Jing Zhang & Suzhong Tian . 70 Rotha Chan . 72 Prem Sharma . 75 Conclusion . 76 About the Authors . 77 Endnotes . 79 Table of Figures Figure 1. Map of Asia . .7 Figure 2. Race and Ethnicity of Maine’s Population: 2009 . .8 Figure 3. Ancestry of Maine’s Asian Population: 2009 . .11 Figure 4. Asian Population in Maine: 1870 – 2009 . .11 Figure 5. Distribution of Asian Population by County: 2009 . .12 Figure 6. Maine Immigration 2004 – 2009: Top Three Countries . .13 Figure 7. Maine Naturalization 2004 – 2009: Top Three Nationalities . .13 Figure 8. Educational Attainment in Maine: 2009 . .14 Figure 9. Number of Asian-Owned Businesses in Maine: 1987 to 2007 . .15 Figure 10. Distribution of Asian Owned Businesses by Industry in Maine: 2007 . .15 Figure 11. Median Age of Select Population for Maine: 2009 . .16 Figure 12. Asian-Owned Restaurants in Maine . .18 Figure 13. Asian-Owned Salons in Maine . .18 Figure 14 Asian Employees at The Jackson Laboratory . .18 Figure 15. Asian Employees at Fairchild Semiconductor . .18 2 Asians in the Maine Economy Preface and Acknowledgments sians in the Maine Economy: Opportunities reports . First and second-generation spring of 2010 on early data collection . for Growth is the second in a series of immigrants to Maine are working long Dolgormaa Hersom, Director of Language A reports by the Maine Center for hours and actively participating in the Access for New Americans, conducted Economic Policy (MECEP) on economy . the interviews . Wordsworth Typing and immigration and its importance to our Transcription provided the transcriptions . state’s future growth and development . Asians contribute to the Maine economy Deborah Felder was the project manager This report follows on our first report in multiple ways; by paying taxes, and also wrote the profile stories . Victor The Growing Latin American Influence: starting new businesses, working in Damian did the photography for this Opportunities for Maine’s Economy. high tech industries and health care, as report and the Latin American report . educators and students, participating in The advisors to this project were Robert We purposely diverged from our usual civic activities, consuming goods and Ho, Juan Perez-Febles, Ben Chin, Grace numbers-based research in order to present services and revitalizing communities . Valenzuela, Ngo Vinh Long, Pirun Sen, both a qualitative and quantitative look at The net financial gain from immigration and Noel Bonam . the Asian population in Maine . Statistics in America is widely documented . But can tell us about trends, but only people economic contributions are not the only The final report was written, compiled and can tell stories . The story of Maine is a reason why Maine needs new immigrants . edited by Deborah Felder with assistance story of in-migration and out-migration, Life experiences, traditions, ideas, customs, from Garrett Martin, associate director at settlement and resettlement . We remain cuisine, art, music and language all serve to MECEP . The report was designed by Neil ‘the whitest state’ in the nation . Our birth enrich our communities and our state . Amaltifano and printed at R N. Haskins rates and population growth is practically Printing Company in Oakland . Cover stagnant . Our median age is 42 2. The face of Maine is changing . In this panoramas were photographed by Mark versus a national average of 36 8. Many report, we hope to break some of the Felder . policymakers, economists and business stereotypes and misconceptions about leaders are rightfully concerned about the Asians in Maine; who they are, where they Funding for this study was made possible adequacy of Maine’s future labor force, come from, how they get here and why by a grant from the Maine Community about the ‘brain drain’ of our youth, and they stay . With good public policy and Foundation, the Catawamteak Fund at the about our aging population . Others are sound business practices and incentives, we Maine Community Foundation, Jonathan concerned about Maine’s future relevance can build on those contributions . Lee from the JSL Foundation and Mary in a global marketplace where our lack Offutt, individual donor . We sincerely of diversity and cultural competency is The quantitative research for this report thank them for making this work possible . a disadvantage . The most compelling was carried out in the summer of 2010 by reason for people to move from one place Vaishali Mamgain, Ph D. ,. Associate to another is economic opportunity . Job Professor of Economics at the University creation and economic development, of Southern Maine with assistance from particularly since the recession, is the student research associate Abraham number one priority for the State of Dailey . They prepared the quantitative data Maine . Unfortunately, immigrants for the first section of this report using – particularly those of non-European the American Community Survey 2003- descent – are still viewed in some quarters 2005 and 2000 census data . Whenever with suspicion and distrust . They are often possible, we inserted newer data as it has accused of sapping state coffers and taking become available . Connie Zhu, policy away jobs . This is in direct contradiction analyst at MECEP, also provided research to current economic research and with and assistance . Bates student intern Kim our findings in both the Latino and Asian Anh Dinh worked at MECEP during the Opportunities for Growth 3 Executive Summary he first Asian in Maine was recorded in Key Findings: the 1870 census . Up until 1960 fewer T than 200 Asians were recorded in each The numbers of Asians in Maine has increased significantly each decade. 12,504 Asians census . It was only in the 1960’s, after the lived in Maine in 2009 and accounted for approximately 1% of the state’s population . From passage of the Immigration Reform and 1990-2000 the state’s Asian population nearly doubled . From 2000-2009 the population Naturalization Act, that Asians in Maine increased yet again by 33% . began to increase significantly . Asians in Maine are a heterogeneous group that come to the state for a variety of reasons. Chinese, Filipinos and Asian Indians make up the largest share of the Asian population As the whitest state in the U S. ,. Maine in Maine followed by Cambodians, Vietnamese and Koreans . Other Asian countries will likely see continued increases in the have smaller representation . Political turmoil, education and employment opportunities, number of foreign-born residents . To marriage, and quality of life are some of push/pull factors that bring Asians to Maine . remain globally competitive and deal with an aging workforce, the state should Refugees from Southeast Asia resettled in Maine following the Vietnam War are faring identify ways to maximize the potential well. Many Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians who were resettled in Maine in the contributions of people, native and non- 1970’s and 1980’s following deeply traumatic experiences have put down roots in Maine . native alike, who locate here, and to Many of the children and grandchildren of these refugees continue to live and work in appreciate the competitive gains that can Maine . be achieved through increased diversity Asians are represented in every county in Maine. The highest percentage of Asians live in and cultural competency . the greater Portland and greater Bangor areas with smaller populations recorded in every county, numerous small towns, and island communities . To foster greater understanding and establish a baseline for future policy action, Educational attainment levels of Asians in Maine exceed other minority immigrant the Maine Center for Economic Policy groups. Nationally, Asians are more educated than other immigrant groups overall and has published the report on Asians in often surpass whites in post-secondary degrees . This is also true in Maine . Asian females in Maine and our previous report on Latinos Maine are less likely than males to have a high school diploma . in Maine . Following is a summary of key Asians are playing a significant role in Maine’s labor force. Asians in Maine have a findings.
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