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Open Letter to His Holiness Pope Benedict Xvi
In the Name of God, the Compassionate , the Merciful, And may Peace and Blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad OPEN LETTER TO HIS HOLINESS POPE BENEDICT XVI In the Name of God, the Compassionate , the Merciful, Do not contend with people of the Book except in the fairest way …. (The Holy Qur’an, al-Ankabut , : ). Your Holiness, September th , we thought it appropriate, in the spirit of open exchange, to address your use of a debate between the Emperor Manuel II Paleologus and a “learned Persian” as the starting point for a discourse on the relationship between reason and faith. While we applaud your efforts to oppose the dominance of positivism and materialism in human life, we must point out some errors in the way you mentioned Islam as a counterpoint to the proper use of reason, as well as some mistakes in the assertions you put forward in support of your argument. There is no Compulsion in Religion You mention that “according to the experts ” the verse which begins, There is no compulsion in religion (al-Baqarah : ) is from the early period when the Prophet “was still powerless and under threat,” but this is incorrect. In fact this verse is acknowledged to belong to the period of Quranic revelation corresponding to the political and military ascendance of the young Muslim community. There is no compulsion in religion was not a command to Muslims to remain steadfast in the face of the desire of their oppressors to force them to renounce their faith, but was a reminder to Muslims themselves, once they had attained power, that they could not force another’s heart to believe. -
A Mainstream Islamic Response to the Beliefs and Practices of Islamic State
DIOCESAN SYNOD - 15.11.14 A Mainstream Islamic response to the beliefs and prac5ces of Islamic State Imam Monawar Hussain Muslim Tutor, Eton College Founder, The Oxford Foundaon www.theoxfordfoundaon.com Aims • What is Mainstream Islam? • What is extremist theology? Al-Qaeda, Al— Shabab, IS, ISIL, 9/11,7/7, Pakistani/Afghani Taliban share the same theology. We can only defeat these groups if we can defeat the theology that underpins them. • Mainstream responses Qur’an Hadith Primary Sources of Islam ©Imam Monawar Hussain Linguisc Sufi / Understanding Tradi5onalist Esoteric the Qur’an Tradi5onalist & Raonalist ©Imam Monawar Hussain Islam Hadith of Jibril Iman Ihsan ©Imam Monawar Hussain Shahada Hajj Salah Islam Zakah Sawm ©Imam Monawar Hussain Belief in Allah Desny, both the His Angels good and evil Iman Day of His Revealed Judgement Books His Messengers ©Imam Monawar Hussain Doing that Perfecon which is of Faith beau5ful Ihsan ©Imam Monawar Hussain Historical unfolding of the dimension ‘Islam’ Usul al-Fiqh / Principles of Jurisprudence Fiqh (Understanding) / Orthopraxis Sunni Schools of Law /Shi’i Schools of Law ©Imam Monawar Hussain Theology Ilm al-Kalam Iman School of al-Ashari (d. 324 AH / 936 CE) School of al-Maturidi (d. 333 AH / 944 CE) Khawarij (late 7th century) ©Imam Monawar Hussain Sufism Numerous Spiritual Orders Ihsan Naqshbandi Qadari Chish Shadhali Mevlevi ©Imam Monawar Hussain Extremist Theology • Interprets the Qur‘ān literally. • They are selec5ve in the hadīth they use. • Arbitrarily declare Muslims non-Muslim (Tak*r) and therefore jus5fy killing civilians. • Jus5fy rebellion against central Authority. • A Theology of Separateness - Separate themselves from the community of Muslims. -
Chapter 4 the Right-Wing Media Enablers of Anti-Islam Propaganda
Chapter 4 The right-wing media enablers of anti-Islam propaganda Spreading anti-Muslim hate in America depends on a well-developed right-wing media echo chamber to amplify a few marginal voices. The think tank misinforma- tion experts and grassroots and religious-right organizations profiled in this report boast a symbiotic relationship with a loosely aligned, ideologically-akin group of right-wing blogs, magazines, radio stations, newspapers, and television news shows to spread their anti-Islam messages and myths. The media outlets, in turn, give members of this network the exposure needed to amplify their message, reach larger audiences, drive fundraising numbers, and grow their membership base. Some well-established conservative media outlets are a key part of this echo cham- ber, mixing coverage of alarmist threats posed by the mere existence of Muslims in America with other news stories. Chief among the media partners are the Fox News empire,1 the influential conservative magazine National Review and its website,2 a host of right-wing radio hosts, The Washington Times newspaper and website,3 and the Christian Broadcasting Network and website.4 They tout Frank Gaffney, David Yerushalmi, Daniel Pipes, Robert Spencer, Steven Emerson, and others as experts, and invite supposedly moderate Muslim and Arabs to endorse bigoted views. In so doing, these media organizations amplify harm- ful, anti-Muslim views to wide audiences. (See box on page 86) In this chapter we profile some of the right-wing media enablers, beginning with the websites, then hate radio, then the television outlets. The websites A network of right-wing websites and blogs are frequently the primary movers of anti-Muslim messages and myths. -
Sustainability Guidebook
SUSTAINABILITY GUIDEBOOK ©LEVI STRAUSS & CO. | December 2013 | Sustainability Guidebook Table of Contents Introduction Ratings defined Chapter One – Labor Standards 1. Child Labor 2. Prison Labor/Forced Labor 3. Disciplinary Practices 4. Legal Requirements 5. Ethical Standards 6. Working Hours 7. Wages and Benefits 8. General Labor Practices and Freedom of Association 9. Discrimination 10. Community Involvement 11. Foreign Migrant Labor 12. Dormitories 13. Permits Chapter Two – Environment, Health & Safety Part I : Safety Guidelines 1. Safety Committees 2. Risk Assessment 3. Emergency Preparedness 4. Building Integrity 5. Aisles and Exits 6. Lighting 7. Housekeeping 8. Electrical Safety 9. Control of Hazardous Energy/Lock‐Out/Tag‐Out 10. Machine Guarding 11. Powered Industrial Trucks 12. Noise Management 13. Personal Protective Equipment 14. Ventilation 15. Chemical Management 16. Extreme Temperatures 17. Asbestos Management 18. Occupational Exposure Limits 19. Signs and Labels 20. Maintenance Part II : Finishing Guidelines 1. Finishing Safety Guidelines 2. Hand Scraping 3. Laser Etching 4. Resin/Curing 5. Screen Printing 6. Spraying 7. Abrasive Blasting 8. Ozone Part III : Health Guidelines 1. First Aid 2. Preventing Communicable Disease Part IV : Environment Guidelines 1. Global Effluent Requirements 2. Domestic Wastewater Requirements 3. Biosolids Management 4. Waste Management 2.1 Transporting Hazardous Materials 2.2 Hazardous Waste Management 2.3 Solid Waste Management 5. Preventing Storm Water Pollution 6. Aboveground/Underground Storage ©LEVI STRAUSS & CO. | December 2013 | Sustainability Guidebook | Table of contents | page 1 Appendix A : SAFETY GUIDELINES 1. Safety Committees 2. Emergency Preparedness 3. Aisles and Exits 4. Housekeeping Checklist 5. Electrical Safety Inspection Checklist 6. Lock‐Out/Tag‐Out 7. -
“Law of Precedent”
1 Summary of papers written by Judicial Officers on the subje ct: ªLAW OF PRECEDENTº Introduction :- A precedent is a statement of law found in the decision of a superior Court, which decision has to be followed by that court and by the courts inferior to it. Precedent is a previous decision upon which the judges have to follow the past decisions carefully in the cases before them as a guide for all present or future decisions. In other words, `Judicial Precedent' means a judgment of a Court of law cited as an authority for deciding a similar set of facts, a case which serves as authority for the legal principle embodied in its decision. A judicial precedent is a decision of the Court used as a source for future decision making. Meaning :- A precedent is a statement of law found in decision of a Superior Court. Though law making is the work of the legislature, Judges make law through the precedent. 2 Inferior courts must follow such laws. Decisions based on a question of law are precedents. Decisions based on question of facts are not precedents. Judges must follow the binding decisions of Superior or the same court. Following previous binding decisions brings uniformity in decision making, not following would result in confusion. It is well settled that Article 141 of the Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to declare the law and not to enact the law, which essentially is the function of the legislature. To declare the law means to interpret the law. This interpretation of law is binding on all the Courts in India. -
Jerry L. Mchale, Chair Jeffrey S. Sargent, Nonvoting Secretary
Report of the Committee on Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents or portions of documents on Manufactured Housing administrative provisiorm and planning requirements for manufactured homes to assure the adequacy of architectural Technical Correlating Committee (MAN-AAC) planning considerations and documentation of compliance for a safe and healthy environment for the occupants of a manufactured home. David Hilton Goins, Chair North Carolina Dept. of Insurance, NC [El Technical Committee on Walter P. Sterling, Nonvoting Secretary Electrical for Manufactured Housing (MAN-ELE) Nat'l Fire Protection Assn., MA Robert A. McCullough, Chair Gerald W. Bell, Nat'l Assn. of Independent Insurers, IL [I] Ocean County Construction Inspection Dept., NJ [El Bill Farish, Fleetwood Homes, CA [M] Rep. Int'l Assn. of Electrical Inspectors William Freeborne, U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, DC [El Jeffrey S. Sargent, Nonvoting Secretary Danny D. Ghorbani, Assn. for Regulatory Reform, DC [M] Nat'l FireProtection Assn., MA Martin C. Gilchrist, Urban Research & Development Corp., PA [SE] Mike Marl, Nat'l Conference of States on Bldg. Codes & Standards, Thomas R. Brandt, Fairmont Homes Inc., 1N [M] VA tEl C. Edgar Bryant, Champion Enterprises, Inc., MI [M] John Pabian, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] Daniel J. Kissane, Pass & Seymour Legrand, NY [M] Janet Potter, Nat'l Foundation of Manufactured Home Owners, Robert L. LaRocca, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., NY [RT] NC [C] Robert E. Moore, TECO Energy, FL [U] Michael J. Slifka, PFS Corp., WI [RT] Rep. Edison Electric Inst. Frank Walter, Manufactured Housing Inst., VA [M] Clifford L. Rediger, Independent Electrical Contractors Training Fund, CO [IM] Alternates Rep. -
The Supreme Court and the New Equity
Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 68 | Issue 4 Article 1 5-2015 The uprS eme Court and the New Equity Samuel L. Bray Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation Samuel L. Bray, The uS preme Court and the New Equity, 68 Vanderbilt Law Review 997 (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol68/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VANDERBILT LAW REVIEW VOLUME 68 MAY 2015 NUMBER 4 ARTICLES The Supreme Court and the New Equity Samuel L. Bray* The line between law and equity has largely faded away. Even in remedies, where the line persists, the conventional scholarly wisdom favors erasing it. Yet something surprisinghas happened. In a series of cases over the last decade and a half, the U.S. Supreme Court has acted directly contrary to this conventional wisdom. These cases range across many areas of substantive law-from commercial contracts and employee benefits to habeas and immigration, from patents and copyright to environmental law and national security. Throughout these disparate areas, the Court has consistently reinforced the line between legal and equitable remedies, and it has treated equitable remedies as having distinctive powers and limitations. This Article describes and begins to evaluate the Court's new equity cases. -
Sunni – Shi`A Relations and the Implications for Belgium and Europe
FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ SUNNI – SHI`A RELATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BELGIUM AND EUROPE EGMONT PAPER 35 FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ Sunni – Shi`a relations and the implications for Belgium and Europe JELLE PUELINGS January 2010 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont - The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1538 9 D/2010/4804/17 U 1384 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publishers. -
Fiscal 2019 Congressional Budget Justification
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS FISCAL 2019 BUDGET JUSTIFICATION SUBMITTED FOR USE OF THE COMMITTEES ON APPROPRIATIONS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Provided by Brian Williams TABLE OF CONTENTS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OVERVIEW FISCAL 2019 .................................................................................1 ORGANIZATION CHART ..................................................................................................................................7 SUMMARY TABLES ...........................................................................................................................................9 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, SALARIES AND EXPENSES 17 OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN .................................................................................................................................21 Fiscal 2019 Program Changes ..................................................................................................................24 Librarian’s Office ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Office of the Chief Financial Officer ..........................................................................................................39 Integrated Support Services .....................................................................................................................43 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER ...............................................................................................47 Fiscal 2019 Program -
Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad
Journal of Law and Practice Volume 4 Article 3 2011 Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad Charlie Lehmann Follow this and additional works at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice Part of the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Jaafar-Mohammad, Imani and Lehmann, Charlie (2011) "Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce," Journal of Law and Practice: Vol. 4, Article 3. Available at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice/vol4/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at Mitchell Hamline Open Access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Law and Practice by an authorized administrator of Mitchell Hamline Open Access. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Mitchell Hamline School of Law Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Keywords Muslim women--Legal status laws etc., Women's rights--Religious aspects--Islam, Marriage (Islamic law) This article is available in Journal of Law and Practice: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice/vol4/iss1/3 Jaafar-Mohammad and Lehmann: Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ISLAM REGARDING MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 4 Wm. Mitchell J. L. & P. 3* By: Imani Jaafar-Mohammad, Esq. and Charlie Lehmann+ I. INTRODUCTION There are many misconceptions surrounding women’s rights in Islam. The purpose of this article is to shed some light on the basic rights of women in Islam in the context of marriage and divorce. This article is only to be viewed as a basic outline of women’s rights in Islam regarding marriage and divorce. -
Equity in the American Courts and in the World Court: Does the End Justify the Means?
EQUITY IN THE AMERICAN COURTS AND IN THE WORLD COURT: DOES THE END JUSTIFY THE MEANS? I. INTRODUCTION Equity, as a legal concept, has enjoyed sustained acceptance by lawyers throughout history. It has been present in the law of ancient civilizations' and continues to exist in modem legal systems.2 But equity is no longer a concept confined exclusively to local or national adjudication. Today, equity shows itself to be a vital part of international law.' The International Court of Justice--"the most visible, and perhaps hegemonic, tribunal in the sphere of public international law" 4-has made a significant contribution to the delimitation,5 development of equity. Particularly in cases involving maritime 6 equity has frequently been applied by the Court to adjudicate disputes. Equity is prominent in national legal systems and has become increas- ingly important in international law. It is useful, perhaps essential, for the international lawyer to have a proper understanding of it. Yet the meaning of equity remains elusive. "A lawyer asked to define 'equity' will not have an easy time of it; the defimition of equity, let alone the term's application in the field of international law, is notoriously uncertain, though its use is rife."7 Through a comparative analysis, this note seeks to provide a more precise understanding of the legal concept of equity as it relates to two distinct systems oflaw: the American and the international. To compare the equity administered by the American courts with that administered by the World Court, this note 1. See sources cited infra notes 10, 22. -
City of Allegan Municipal Policy
CITY OF ALLEGAN MUNICIPAL POLICY Updated 2015 ALLEGAN MUNICIPAL POLICY Chapter A AIRPORT ARTICLE I HANGAR RENTALS Sec. A-1. Rental Rates Hangars 1-16: $135.00 per month Red Hangars 17-20 & 22-25: $185.00 per month Corporate Hangars 21&26: $240.00 per month Tie-downs: $20.00 per month Transient Hangar Rental $25.00 per day (Resolution 05.27, 9/26/05; Resolution 95.52, 12/26/95; Resolution 03.11, 7/1/03; Resolution 06.18, 6/12/06; City Council approved 08/08/11; Resolution 12.43, 08/13/12; Resolution 15.26, 07/13/15) Sec. A-2. Lease On all future leases, the lease will require the leasee to pay the first and last months hangar rent upon signing the lease with no deposit required. A written thirty (30) day notice stating party’s intent must be given to the City prior to leaving the hangar. Sec. A-3. Fees The lessee shall pay to the City a late fee of five percent (5%) or $10, whichever is greater on any payment which is more than fourteen (14) days delinquent. - 1 - ALLEGAN MUNICIPAL POLICY Chapter B CEMETERY ARTICLE I PRICES AND FEES Sec. B-1. Grave Spaces. (a) City Residents/Taxpayers: Full Size Grave Spaces...........$240.00 each Half Size Grave Spaces..........$120.00 each (b) Non-Residents: Full Grave Spaces…...............$800 each Half Size Grave Spaces.......... $400 each (Resolution 96.47, 11/11/96; Resolution 08.01, 01/28/08) City Code Reference -- Sec. 8-5. Purchase of lots; City Council approved 08/08/11) Sec.