The Changing Roles of Women in Violent
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Human Security and Gender: Female Suicide Bombers in Palestine and Chechnya
Peace & Conflict Review Volume 11, Issue 1 ISSN: 1659-3995 Human Security and Gender: Female Suicide Bombers in Palestine and Chechnya Katerina Standish Abstract Women in Chechnya and Palestine do not become suicide bombers because they are Muslim. Women in Chechnya and Palestine become suicide bombers because human security levels decrease during long-term conflict and allow rogue collectives to gain power in the absence of authority. This research explores how the experience of female suicide bombing is constructed as a response to foreign occupation, how gender and religion are secondary concerns to supporters of violent resistance, and how the history of human insecurity in Chechnya and Palestine has resulted in an ‘economy of conflict’ that has little stake in peace. Women in Chechnya and Palestine do not become suicide bombers because they are Muslim. They do not sacrifice themselves for the chance to kill others because they are psychologically unsound or suicidal (Stern, 2003). They are not anarchists attempting to upset the balance of power (Gambone, 1996) or fascists involved in a devotional type of cultural patriotism (Berlet, 1992). They are not involved in what Antonio Gramsci called “worship as opposition” where communal violence leads the religious to a political goal (Beiner, 2005) and they are not fanatics, engaged in violence because they are disdainful of other groups (Taylor, 1994.) Women in Chechnya and Palestine are at risk of becoming suicide bombers because human security levels decrease during long-term conflict and allow rogue collectives to gain power in the absence of authority. Left without support, the populations of Chechnya and Palestine have no choice but to gravitate to organizations that supply and sustain basic needs when social infrastructures cease to function during deadly conflict. -
Women and Muslim Family Laws in Arab States AUP-ISIM-IS-BW-Welchman-22:BW 24-04-2007 19:22 Pagina 2
Women and Muslim Family Laws in Arab States: A Comparative Overview of WOMEN AND MUSLIM FAMILY LAWS WOMEN AND MUSLIM FAMILY LAWS Textual Development and Advocacy combines an examination of women’s rights in Muslim family law in Arab states across the Middle East with IN ARAB STATES discussions of the public debates surrounding the issues that are raised in processes of codification and amendment. A number of states have A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF TEXTUAL recently either codified Muslim family law, or Women and Muslim Family Laws in have issued significant amendments or new DEVELOPMENT AND ADVOCACY Arab States: A Comparative Overview laws on the subject. This study considers these of Textual Development and new laws along with older statutes to comment Advocacy combines an examination. on patterns and dynamics of change both in Lynn Welchman the texts of the laws, and in the processes by women’s rights in Muslim family which they are drafted and issued. It draws IN ARAB STATES law in Arab states across the Middle on original legal texts as well as on extensive East with discussions of the public secondary literature for an insight into practice; debates surrounding interventions by women’s rights organisations and other parties are drawn on to identify women’s rights in Muslim family areas of the laws that remain contested. The law in Arab states across the Middle discussions are set in the contemporary global East with discussions of the public context that ‘internationalises’ the domestic debates the issues that are raised. and regional discussions. ISIM SERIES ON CONTEMPORARY LYNN WELCHMAN MUSLIMISIM SERIES SOCIETIES ON CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETIES Lynn Welchmann is senior lecturer ISBN-13 978 90 5356 974 0 in Islamic and Middle Eastern Laws, School of Law at SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies) at the University of London. -
The Growth of ISIS Extremism in Southeast Asia: Its Ideological and Cognitive Features—And Possible Policy Responses Kumar Ramakrishna S
New England Journal of Public Policy Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 6 3-20-2017 The Growth of ISIS Extremism in Southeast Asia: Its Ideological and Cognitive Features—and Possible Policy Responses Kumar Ramakrishna S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp Part of the International Relations Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Terrorism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ramakrishna, Kumar (2017) "The Growth of ISIS Extremism in Southeast Asia: Its Ideological and Cognitive Features—and Possible Policy Responses," New England Journal of Public Policy: Vol. 29 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol29/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in New England Journal of Public Policy by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. New England Journal of Public Policy The Growth of ISIS Extremism in Southeast Asia: Its Ideological and Cognitive Features—and Possible Policy Responses Kumar Ramakrishna S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore This article examines the radicalization of young Southeast Asians into the violent extremism that characterizes the notorious Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). After situating ISIS within its wider and older Al Qaeda Islamist ideological milieu, the article sketches out the historical landscape of violent Islamist extremism in Southeast Asia. There it focuses on the Al Qaeda-affiliated, Indonesian-based but transnational Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) network, revealing how the emergence of ISIS has impacted JI’s evolutionary trajectory. -
Chapter 4 the Right-Wing Media Enablers of Anti-Islam Propaganda
Chapter 4 The right-wing media enablers of anti-Islam propaganda Spreading anti-Muslim hate in America depends on a well-developed right-wing media echo chamber to amplify a few marginal voices. The think tank misinforma- tion experts and grassroots and religious-right organizations profiled in this report boast a symbiotic relationship with a loosely aligned, ideologically-akin group of right-wing blogs, magazines, radio stations, newspapers, and television news shows to spread their anti-Islam messages and myths. The media outlets, in turn, give members of this network the exposure needed to amplify their message, reach larger audiences, drive fundraising numbers, and grow their membership base. Some well-established conservative media outlets are a key part of this echo cham- ber, mixing coverage of alarmist threats posed by the mere existence of Muslims in America with other news stories. Chief among the media partners are the Fox News empire,1 the influential conservative magazine National Review and its website,2 a host of right-wing radio hosts, The Washington Times newspaper and website,3 and the Christian Broadcasting Network and website.4 They tout Frank Gaffney, David Yerushalmi, Daniel Pipes, Robert Spencer, Steven Emerson, and others as experts, and invite supposedly moderate Muslim and Arabs to endorse bigoted views. In so doing, these media organizations amplify harm- ful, anti-Muslim views to wide audiences. (See box on page 86) In this chapter we profile some of the right-wing media enablers, beginning with the websites, then hate radio, then the television outlets. The websites A network of right-wing websites and blogs are frequently the primary movers of anti-Muslim messages and myths. -
Charting a New Course: Women Preventing Violent Extremism
Charting a New Course I 2301 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037 www.usip.org © 2015 by the Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace. All rights reserved. First published 2015 To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials for course use, contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com. For print, electronic media, and all other subsidiary rights e-mail [email protected] Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. II Charting a WOMEN PREVENTING VIOLENT EXTREMISM New Course 2 Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 7 Why Gender Matters 9 Women on the Front Lines by Alistair Millar 11 Exercise: Act Like a Woman/ Act Like a Man 12 Blindspots by Jayne Huckerby 13 Exercise: Spheres of Influence 15 Women and the Dynamics of Extremist Violence 17 Listen to the Women Activists by Sanam Naraghi-Anderlini 19 Exercise: Gendered Motivations 20 When Women are the Problem by Mia Bloom 21 Exercise: Multiple Interpretations: Who is Right? 22 Motivations of Female Fighters by Nimmi Gowrinathan 25 Engaging Communities in Preventing Violent Extremism 27 Building Resilience to Violent Extremism by Georgia Holmer 29 Exercise: Allies and Challengers 30 Charting New Ways with New Partners by Edit Schlaffer 31 Resource: Active Listening Techniques 32 Everyday Technologies Can Help Counter Violence and Build Peace by Nancy Payne 33 Resource: Enabling Technologies for Preventing Violent Extremism 34 Increasing Understanding through Words by Alison Milofsky 35 Resource: Debate versus Dialogue 36 Acronyms 36 Resources 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS he creation of the thought for action kit, “Charting a New Course: Women TPreventing Violent Extremism,” has been a team effort. -
BOKO HARAM Emerging Threat to the U.S
112TH CONGRESS COMMITTEE " COMMITTEE PRINT ! 1st Session PRINT 112–B BOKO HARAM Emerging Threat to the U.S. Homeland SUBCOMMITTEE ON COUNTERTERRORISM AND INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES December 2011 FIRST SESSION U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 71–725 PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY PETER T. KING, New York, Chairman LAMAR SMITH, Texas BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California LORETTA SANCHEZ, California MIKE ROGERS, Alabama SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas HENRY CUELLAR, Texas GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia LAURA RICHARDSON, California CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois TIM WALBERG, Michigan BRIAN HIGGINS, New York CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota JACKIE SPEIER, California JOE WALSH, Illinois CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana PATRICK MEEHAN, Pennsylvania HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan BEN QUAYLE, Arizona WILLIAM R. KEATING, Massachusetts SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia KATHLEEN C. HOCHUL, New York BILLY LONG, Missouri VACANCY JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania BLAKE FARENTHOLD, Texas MO BROOKS, Alabama MICHAEL J. RUSSELL, Staff Director & Chief Counsel KERRY ANN WATKINS, Senior Policy Director MICHAEL S. TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk I. LANIER AVANT, Minority Staff Director (II) C O N T E N T S BOKO HARAM EMERGING THREAT TO THE U.S. HOMELAND I. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 II. Findings .............................................................................................................. -
“Fatawa Concerning Looking”
“Fatawa Concerning Looking” Compiled and Translated by those who seek the Mercy of Allah Their Lord The Memphis Da’wah Team Memphis Da’wah E-Books © www.MemphisDawah.com In the name of Allah Most Beneficent Most Merciful All praise is for Allah the Exalted and may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon His Messenger Muhammad and his family and companions and all those who follow them and their way until the Day of Resurrection Fatawa Concerning Looking www.MemphisDawah.com Table of Contents Foreword Introduction The Issues: Issue #1: Looking at a Woman for the Purpose of Medical Treatment Issue #2: Testifying For or Against a Woman Issue #3: Looking at a Woman for the Purpose of Marriage Issue #4: Looking at a Woman for the Purpose of Conducting Business Issue #5: Looking at a Woman for the Purpose of Teaching Issue #6: Looking at Elderly women and Young Girls Issue #7: Looking at Images of Women’s Body Parts that are Disconnected from the Body Issue #8: Hermaphrodites, Impotent Men, Castrated Men, Old Men, Young Boys and Sick Men Looking at Women Issue #9: Women looking at Non-Mahram Men Issue #10: Men looking at a Woman for whom they are a Mahram Issue #11: Husband and Wife looking at each other Issue #12: Looking at the Same Sex Issue #13: Non-Muslim Women looking at Muslim women Some Advice to Aid Lowering One’s gaze 1 Memphis Da’wah E-Books 2 www.MemphisDawah.com Fatawa Concerning Looking www.MemphisDawah.com Introduction Interpretation of the meaning Tell the believing men to lower their gaze (from looking at forbidden things), and protect their private parts (from illegal sexual acts, etc.). -
Juridical Aspects of Nullify of Marriage Due to Breast-Feeding in Religious Court
International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 10 • No. 10 • October 2019 doi:10.30845/ijbss.v10n10p3 Juridical Aspects of Nullify of Marriage due to Breast-Feeding in Religious Court Puspita Jian Andrina Suraji Muhammad Rustamaji Student of Notary Master Program Law Faculty, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta Abstract The research aimed to describe basis of judge’s decision in juridical view to grant declaration of nullify of marriage according to breastfeeding and factors that underlying judge’s decision and evidence that done in it. The reasons of forbiden due to breastfeeding or nasab marriage are called mahram muabbad. Where the marriage in blood relation could be inherit genetic traits and immune strength even causes disease family. The legal research attempted to understand and know the simptoms that was studied, then connected or combined legal materials that relevant and being references in literature legal research. Based on results and discussions had came up conclusions that legal consideration that causes nullify of marriage occured in religious court is due to a marriage in one breastfeeding. Keywords: nullify of marriage, breastfeeding relation, religious court. A. Introduction Every human being has the nature to settle and having children. Being a family is also a human right that must be protected by the state and the community itself, as regulated in Article 28B Paragraph (1) of 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which states that: "Everyone has the right to have a family and carry on their offspring through legitimate marriage". Having a happy and lifelong family is everyone's dream and wish. -
Strategic Cooperation Between Japan and UNODC -The Joint Plan of Action
Strategic Cooperation between Japan and UNODC -The joint plan of action- The Government of Japan (hereafter referred to as Japan) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (hereafter referred to as UNODC) have a long history of collaboration in countering illicit narcotic drugs, in crime prevention and criminal justice reform, as well as in countering terrorism. Japan has also been a leading provider of core support to the operations of UNODC. Japan and UNODC share mutual interest in further enhancing cooperation. During the first Strategic Policy Dialogue between Japan and UNODC, held in Yokohama on 2 June 2013 in the margins of the 5th Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD V), they identified regional, thematic and other areas for strategic cooperation, and developed a joint plan of action. They also agreed to hold Strategic Policy Dialogue at the senior level annually in Tokyo or Vienna (alternately). Japan and UNODC reviewed the progress of the implementation of the plan of action during the Strategic Policy Dialogue recently held, and amended it as follows. 1. Regional Cooperation (1) Africa Japan welcomes the participation of UNODC in the TICAD V in June 2013 and the TICAD VI in August 2016 in the TICAD process. Through the follow-up of TICAD VI, Japan and UNODC will enhance substantive and operational collaboration in Africa, in particular, in areas related to peace and security such as strengthening of criminal justice systems, countering transnational organized crime (illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, firearms, and persons), corruption and cybercrime as well as combating terrorism, violent extremism and piracy. -
Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: a Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism
MAHMOOD MAMDANI Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism ABSTRACT The link between Islam and terrorism became a central media concern following September 11, resulting in new rounds of "culture talk. This talk has turned religious experience into a political category, differentiating 'good Muslims" from "bad Mus- lims, rather than terrorists from civilians. The implication is undisguised: Whether in Afghanistan, Palestine, or Pakistan, Islam must be quarantined and the devil must be exorcized from it by a civil war between good Muslims and bad Muslims. This article suggests that we lift the quarantine and turn the cultural theory of politics on its head. Beyond the simple but radical suggestion that if there are good Muslims and bad Muslims, there must also be good Westerners and bad Westerners, I question the very tendency to read Islamist poli- tics as an effect of Islamic civilization—whether good or bad—and Western power as an effect of Western civilization. Both those poli- tics and that power are born of an encounter, and neither can be understood outside of the history of that encounter. Cultural explanations of political outcomes tend to avoid history and issues. Thinking of individuals from "traditional" cultures in authentic and original terms, culture talk dehistoricizes the construction of political identities. This article places the terror of September 11 in a his- torical and political context. Rather than a residue of a premodern culture in modern politics, terrorism is best understood as a modern construction. Even when it harnesses one or another aspect of tradition and culture, the result is a modern ensemble at the service of a modern project. -
Sunni – Shi`A Relations and the Implications for Belgium and Europe
FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ SUNNI – SHI`A RELATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BELGIUM AND EUROPE EGMONT PAPER 35 FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ Sunni – Shi`a relations and the implications for Belgium and Europe JELLE PUELINGS January 2010 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont - The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1538 9 D/2010/4804/17 U 1384 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publishers. -
Islamic Feminism, a Public Lecture By
SUDANWORKINGPAPER Islamic Feminism, a public lecture by Liv Tønnessen, Regional Institute of Gender, Rights, Peace & Diversity, Ahfad University for Women, Sudan SWP 2014: 1 Islamic Feminism Public lecture by Liv Tønnessen, Ahfad University for Women, Sudan SVP 2014 : 1 CMI SWP ISLAMIC FEMINISM 2014: 1 In the words of Pakistani-American Asma Barlas, “I came to the realization that women and men are equal as a result not of reading feminist texts, but of reading the Quran.”1 This position has come to be known as Islamic feminism. The term has been heatedly debated and both feminists and Muslims have rejected it as two fundamentally incompatible ideas. Secular feminists reject it because they argue religion generally and Islam in particular is oppressive to women2 and many Muslim women reject it because they feel ‘feminism’ is a secular invention imposed on them from outside, from the West. Islamic feminism is indeed highly contested, but it has also been widely embraced by both activists and scholars. As Margot Badran’s article from 2002 asks, What's in a name? What's behind a name? What is Islamic feminism?3 I will in a humble way attempt to address these questions in this talk. Let me first start by saying that this is a research paper on Islamic feminism. I am not a Muslim, but I find myself fascinated and genuinely interested in the question of women and Islam. I do not under any circumstances start my engagement with the topic from a position which neither reduces Islam to be monolithic and anti-women nor a position which states that secularism is the only route to women’s empowerment.