DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evidence from Susa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evidence from Susa Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXI, 1996 EARLY ARCHAEOLOGICAL ADVENTURES AND METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN IRANIAN ARCHAEOLOGY: The Evidence from Susa BY Ali MOUSAVI, Lyon In memory of Walther Hinz The beginning of Near Eastern archaeology stemmed from the early adven- turous explorations carried out by travelers and treasure-hunters. But it should not be forgotten that such non-scientific explorations paved the way for sys- tematic investigations and provided the basis for a gradual development in sci- entific excavation methods and strategy. Iran also benefited from that devel- opment until 1979, when the work of the foreign archaeological missions in Iran was interrupted, marking the end of a long history in the field of Iranian archaeology. The interruption of the archaeological field works in Iran, how- ever, ushered in a new period of reassessment of data and their publication. In addition to the appearance of a number of final reports since 1979 (Tepe Yahya, Haji Firuz, Haft Tepe, Surkh Dum, etc.), the recent exhibi- tion of objects found at Susa in the Metropolitan Museum of Art which was accompanied by a useful catalogue, and the newly published article by Dr. John Curtis on William Kennet Loftus’ excavations are noteworthy. Curtis’ article is particularly important because it provides an informative review of the work done by the Scottish geologist at Susa1. Susa was the first site in Iran that was formally excavated over a long period. The long history of archaeological excavations at Susa by the French is especially important in providing a matrix in which the development of archaeolo- gical methods and techniques can be traced2. 1 The Royal City of Susa. Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre, Metropolitan Museum of Art, P.O. Harper, J. Aruz, and F. Tallon (eds), New York, 1992; J. Curtis, “William Kennet Loftus and his Excavations at Susa”, Iranica Antiqua, vol. 28, 1993, pp. 1-55. 2 Aside from de Morgan’s accounts (see infra), for the history of the excavations at Susa, there are several sources: Robert H. Dyson published a fine article, but very brief 2 ALI MOUSAVI Loftus’ work: William Kennet Loftus was the first person who visited and excavated Susa in the middle of the nineteenth century. Here I should add some remarks to Curtis’ article. Loftus was apparently searching, in vain, for a stele, which had been already mentioned by Macdonnald Kinneir and Layard. The stele, called “the Black Stone”, presumably contained some Achaemenid reliefs and inscriptions, as is shown on a rough drawing by Colonel Monteith3. In spite of his efforts, however, Loftus could not see the stele which “was being protected from the foreigners in Daniel’s tomb4” no one knows what happened to it5. The short excavations carried out at Susa by Williams and Loftus did not produce many moveable and valuable objects, but resulted in the first actual plan of the site, the identification of Susa as the biblical Shushan, and Henry Churchill’s drawings represented the first pictures of the intact mounds. The method used by Loftus in his excavations, in Mesopotmia and Iran, was simple. Like his contemporaries, Layard, Botta, and Place, Loftus opened large areas in search for objects. In addition, Loftus, like his many successors, had to limit his aims to fit his budget, while at the same time he was aware of the need to carry the work further in order to see a more and without any references, “Early Works on the Acropolis at Susa: The Beginning of Prehistory in Iraq and Iran”, Expedition, vol. 10, No. 4, 1968, pp. 21-33; several general essays have been published during the past years: R. de Mecquenem, “Les Fouilleurs de Suse”, Iranica Antiqua, vol. XV, 1980, pp. 1-48, with a preface by P. Amiet; P. Amiet, Suse. 6000 ans d’histoire, Paris, 1988, pp. 13-25; J. Perrot, “Un siècle de fouilles à Suse”, Dossiers Histoires et Archéologie, No. 138, 1989, pp. 12-15; N. Chevalier, “The French Scientific Delegation in Persia”, The Royal City of Susa. Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1992, pp. 16-19; E. Carter, “A History of Excavation at Susa: Personalities and Archaeological Methodologies”, The Royal City of Susa. Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1992, pp. 20-24. 3 For a detailed description see W.K. Loftus, Travels and Researches in Chaldea and Susiana in 1849-52, London, 1857, pp. 418-422; Idem, “On the Excavations Undertaken at the Ruins of Susa in 1851-2”, Transactions of the Royal Society of Litterature, vol. 5, 1857, pp. 446-448. 4 A.H. Layard, Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana and Babylonia, vol. II, London, 1813, pp. 297-298. 5 Curtis did not mention this object in his article but reports on another stele called “sculptured trough at Daniel’s Tomb” which is drawn by H.A. Churchill (see Curtis, op. cit., Plate 12). EARLY ARCHAEOLOGICAL ADVENTURES 3 complete picture of the site6. In the end, Loftus was disappointed because he did not find at Susa the bas-reliefs comparable to those which had been dis- covered first by Botta at Khorsabad, and then by the British at Nimrud. The excavations were given up by the Trustees of the British Museum and Rawlinson who believed the mounds of Susa to be exhausted. Here, John Curtis, as a British, expresses his sorrow: “How wrong they were, as we know from the splendid treasures unearthed by the subsequent French excavators! … Had he stayed at Susa the whole pattern of archaeological research in the Near East may have been different, but such are the accidents of history”7. The Historical Background: After the middle of the nineteenth century, for nearly a quarter of a cen- tury, the archaeological activities in Mesopotamia and Iran slowed almost to a standstill. In 1853, Rassam left Mesopotamia and returned to England, giving up antiquity hunting for a while. Meanwhile, Layard had left the field, and Henry Rawlinson, as a military officer, became involved in the Crimean War, which put a stop to Near Eastern archaeological explo- rations. The excavations at the ruins of the Assyrian cities by Botta, Place, Layard, and Rassam had provided large quantities of objects for European museums. While the arrangement of an Assyrian Room in Crystal Palace in England were being made, Bouvet, the successor of Victor Place at Mosul, demanded credit for another campaign at Khorsabad, which was denied by the French government8. The former instance suggests the innumerable quantities of the objects which arrived in Europe in the middle of the nine- teenth century, while the latter shows the huge investment of a European government in search for antiquities. During the second half of the 19th century the conceptual framework of archaeology was changed, following two major developments of the century: 6 “With the small sum at my disposal for actual excavation, it was utterly impossible to make a thorough examination of the vast area covered by the ruins…If further excava- tions should be made, it will be necessary to carry trenches to a much greater depth than, with my limited funds, I was able to effect”. Cf. Loftus, “On the Excavations Undertaken at the Ruins of Susa in 1851-2”, op. cit., p. 453. 7 J. Curtis, “William Kennet Loftus and his Excavations at Susa”, op. cit., p. 15. 8 S. Lloyd, Foundations in the Dust, Harmondsworth, 1955, p. 175. I would like to cite Victor Place, giving an idea of archaeological excavation in that period: “Aussitôt qu’une excavation ne paraissait pas conduire à des bas-reliefs, elle était abandonnée.” (Ninive et l’Assyrie, X, p. 37). 4 ALI MOUSAVI The deciphering in 1857 of the cuneiform script by Henry Creswick Rawlinson, and the triumph of evolutionary biology through the publica- tion of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859. Darwin’s evolutionary theory soon became influencial in social sciences, addressing the questions of the origin of man and, by extension, the transformation of society and culture. Also contributing were numerous excavations in the Near East, which fostered more developments. Amongst the most influential were the discovery of Heinrich Schliemann of Troy and other Mycennean sites, and the discovery of the Sumerian civilization by Ernest de Sarzec at Telloh, which began in 1877. Major’s first accomplishments in field archaeology included the development of the method of controlled stratig- raphy set forth in 1857 by the Germans at Olympia and then at Babylon (from 1899 onwards). Photography was also used to illustrate archaeolog- ical reports for the first time by the Austrians during their excavations at Samothrace. Toward the end of the century, the application by Sir Flinders Petrie of Sequence Dating in his work in Egypt influenced Near Eastern archaeology greatly in the methodology of comparative typology. The First French Excavation at Susa: The works done at Susa by Marcel August Dieulafoy (1844-1920), an engineer, and his wife, Jeanne (1851-1916) were the subject of two adven- ture books by Mme Dieulafoy, written in the Victorian romantic style of the end of the past century9. But very little has been written about Marcel Dieulafoy’s excavation method, to which I will now turn. Dieulafoy found Susa as a site with four distinct mounds; the Apadana (the northern mound), the Acropole or citadel (the highest mound), the Ville Royale, where he supposed to be the ruins of the Achaemenid town, and the Ville des Artisans (the eastern part of the site). Dieulafoy’s work was carried out in four directions: A large trial trench (Trench C) was opened along the “façade” of the Achaemenid palace, probably in the north.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bringing Cultural Heritage out of the Shadows
    N EWS F OCUS PROFILE: SEYYED MOHAMMED BEHESHTI A: This started 4 years ago, and now we have cooperation with many nations. We are quite Bringing Cultural Heritage aware that Iran is an important place archae- ologically. Therefore it is our duty to provide Out of the Shadows facilities and possibilities for such work. We have to become part of the larger interna- In a few short years, this unorthodox official has transformed the Iranian Cultural tional system of archaeology; otherwise we Heritage Organization and is turning Iran into a destination of choice for archaeologists will be left behind. So it is good to have this cooperation, but we have our own terms and In a nation where somber, turbaned clerics ICHO, which oversees archaeology and had standards. If there is to be scientific cooper- dominate politics, Seyyed Mohammed Be- long been a backwater in the Ministry of Cul- ation, it should be real cooperation. That heshti stands out. Shortly after he took over ture and Islamic Guidance. He has won means 50-50. as head of the Iranian Cultural Heritage Or- greater government funding, instituted an im- ganization (ICHO), a colleague complained pressive news service and Web site, and that he didn’t go to the mosque for public championed the return of foreign archaeolo- prayers. “But if I did, my toupee would fall gists. “He is a breath of fresh air, and the rea- off,” he replied. Beheshti’s striking reddish- son we’ve been able to do anything is because blonde mop is only the superficial manifes- of that man,” says University of Chicago ar- tation of his nonconformist approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerxes and the Tower of Babel A
    44 Xerxes and the Tower of Babel A. R. George The French excavations at Susa, led by Introduction Jacques de Morgan at the turn of the nine- Among the great sites of ancient Persia the teenth century, uncovered the citadel, pal- best known to visitors to Iran are certainly aces and temples of Achaemenid and Elamite Persepolis and Pasargadae in the province of kings. On the citadel (today often termed Fars, with their wonderful ruins of stone pal- the acropolis) they also turned up an abun- aces and tombs built by the kings Cyrus and dance of important ancient artefacts, includ- Darius. A less prominent place on the itiner- ing many not of local origin but from Susa’s ary of archaeological sites is occupied by the western neighbours in Mesopotamia (Harper ancient city of Susa in the plain of Khuzistan. 1992). Foremost among these were stone mon- Susa is its Greek name; the Elamites called it uments of the Old Akkadian kings, Sargon, Shushun, the Babylonians knew it as Shushin, Manishtushu and Naram-Sîn, published by later Shushi(m) and Shushan, the Achaemenid Fr Vincent Scheil in early volumes of Mémoires Persians as Shusha. Its present name, Shush-i de la Délégation en Perse. The best known of Daniel, combines the ancient toponym with them is certainly the great limestone stele of that of the prophet Daniel, who (legend has it) Naram-Sîn that depicted this king’s defeat of saw in Shushan a vision of a ram and a goat that the mountain-dwelling Lullubi people and was foretold the eclipse of Persia by Alexander of originally set up in Sippar on the Euphrates Macedon.
    [Show full text]
  • King Hammurabi of Babylon Blackwell Ancient Lives
    King Hammurabi of Babylon Blackwell Ancient Lives At a time when much scholarly writing on the ancient world is abstract and analytical, this series presents engaging, accessible accounts of the most influential figures of antiquity. It re-peoples the ancient landscape; and while never losing sight of the vast gulf that separates antiquity from our own world, it seeks to communicate the delight of reading historical narratives to discover “what happened next.” Published King Hammurabi of Babylon Marc Van De Mieroop In Preparation Cleopatra Sally Ann-Ashton Constantine the Great Timothy Barnes Pericles Charles Hamilton Julius Caesar W. Jeffrey Tatum Alexander the Great in His World Carol Thomas King Hammurabi of Babylon A Biography Marc Van De Mieroop © 2005 by Marc Van De Mieroop BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148‐5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Marc Van De Mieroop to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 3 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Van De Mieroop, Marc. King Hammurabi of Babylon : a biography / Marc Van De Mieroop. p. cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran (Persia) and Aryans Part - 6
    INDIA (BHARAT) - IRAN (PERSIA) AND ARYANS PART - 6 Dr. Gaurav A. Vyas This book contains the rich History of India (Bharat) and Iran (Persia) Empire. There was a time when India and Iran was one land. This book is written by collecting information from various sources available on the internet. ROOTSHUNT 15, Mangalyam Society, Near Ocean Park, Nehrunagar, Ahmedabad – 380 015, Gujarat, BHARAT. M : 0091 – 98792 58523 / Web : www.rootshunt.com / E-mail : [email protected] Contents at a glance : PART - 1 1. Who were Aryans ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. Prehistory of Aryans ..................................................................................................................... 2 3. Aryans - 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 10 4. Aryans - 2 …............................………………….......................................................................................... 23 5. History of the Ancient Aryans: Outlined in Zoroastrian scriptures …….............. 28 6. Pre-Zoroastrian Aryan Religions ........................................................................................... 33 7. Evolution of Aryan worship ....................................................................................................... 45 8. Aryan homeland and neighboring lands in Avesta …...................……………........…....... 53 9. Western
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographie Œuvres De Jacques De Morgan
    Décembre 2007 Bibliographie Œuvres de Jacques de Morgan Années 1879-1883 Note sur les terrains crétacés de la vallée de la Bresle, in Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 3e série, tome VII, Paris, 1879. Mémoire sur les terrains crétacés de la Scandinavie, Société géologique de France, Paris, 1882. Géologie de la Bohême, Paris, J. Baudry éditeur, 1882. Note sur quelques espèces nouvelles de Mégathyrides, in Bulletin de la Société zoologique française, tome VIII, Paris, 1883. Archéologie préhistorique du Jura, (fouilles exécutées en octobre 1881 dans les tumuli de la forêt de Moidons), Mémoire de la Société d’émulation du Jura, 1883. Exploration de la presqu’île malaise 1884-1885 Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du royaume de Pérak et des pays voisins, (Malacca), in Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, tome X, Paris, 1885. L’Age de la pierre polie dans la presqu’île malaise, in L’Homme – Journal illustré des sciences anthropologiques, Paris, Octave Doin, 1885. Négritos de la presqu’île malaise, in L’Homme – Journal illustré des sciences anthropologiques, Paris, Octave Doin, 1885. Exploration dans la presqu’île de Malacca, compte-rendu de conférence, in Bulletin des Etudes coloniales et maritimes, Paris, 1885. Map of the Perak valley (Malacca) printed by order of the Perak Government, (échelle 1/320000), 1885. Quelques observations au sujet des publications sur les Négritos de la presqu’île malaise, in L’Homme – Journal illustré des sciences anthropologiques, Paris, Octave Doin, 1886. Exploration dans la presqu’île malaise – Journal de voyage, in Bulletin de la Société normande de géographie, Rouen, 1886. (Carton de dessins inédits).
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARCHAEOLOGY of ACHAEMENID RULE in EGYPT by Henry Preater Colburn a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requ
    THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ACHAEMENID RULE IN EGYPT by Henry Preater Colburn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Margaret C. Root, Chair Associate Professor Elspeth R. M. Dusinberre, University of Colorado Professor Sharon C. Herbert Associate Professor Ian S. Moyer Professor Janet E. Richards Professor Terry G. Wilfong © Henry Preater Colburn All rights reserved 2014 For my family: Allison and Dick, Sam and Gabe, and Abbie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was written under the auspices of the University of Michigan’s Interdepartmental Program in Classical Art and Archaeology (IPCAA), my academic home for the past seven years. I could not imagine writing it in any other intellectual setting. I am especially grateful to the members of my dissertation committee for their guidance, assistance, and enthusiasm throughout my graduate career. Since I first came to Michigan Margaret Root has been my mentor, advocate, and friend. Without her I could not have written this dissertation, or indeed anything worth reading. Beth Dusinberre, another friend and mentor, believed in my potential as a scholar well before any such belief was warranted. I am grateful to her for her unwavering support and advice. Ian Moyer put his broad historical and theoretical knowledge at my disposal, and he has helped me to understand the real potential of my work. Terry Wilfong answered innumerable questions about Egyptian religion and language, always with genuine interest and good humor. Janet Richards introduced me to Egyptian archaeology, both its study and its practice, and provided me with important opportunities for firsthand experience in Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Memory in and After the Persian Empire Persian the After and Memory in Political
    POLITICAL IN MEMORY AND AFTER THE PERSIAN EMPIRE At its height, the Persian Empire stretched from India to Libya, uniting the entire Near East under the rule of a single Great King for the rst time in history. Many groups in the area had long-lived traditions of indigenous kingship, but these were either abolished or adapted to t the new frame of universal Persian rule. is book explores the ways in which people from Rome, Egypt, Babylonia, Israel, and Iran interacted with kingship in the Persian Empire and how they remembered and reshaped their own indigenous traditions in response to these experiences. e contributors are Björn Anderson, Seth A. Bledsoe, Henry P. Colburn, Geert POLITICAL MEMORY De Breucker, Benedikt Eckhardt, Kiyan Foroutan, Lisbeth S. Fried, Olaf E. Kaper, Alesandr V. Makhlaiuk, Christine Mitchell, John P. Nielsen, Eduard Rung, Jason M. Silverman, Květa Smoláriková, R. J. van der Spek, Caroline Waerzeggers, IN AND AFTER THE Melanie Wasmuth, and Ian Douglas Wilson. JASON M. SILVERMAN is a postdoctoral researcher in the Faculty of eology PERSIAN EMPIRE at the University of Helsinki. He is the author of Persepolis and Jerusalem: Iranian In uence on the Apocalyptic Hermeneutic (T&T Clark) and the editor of Opening Heaven’s Floodgates: e Genesis Flood Narrative, Its Context and Reception (Gorgias). CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS is Associate Professor of Assyriology at Leiden University. She is the author of Marduk-rēmanni: Local Networks and Imperial Politics in Achaemenid Babylonia (Peeters) and e Ezida Temple of Borsippa: Priesthood, Cult, Archives (Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten). Ancient Near East Monographs Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) Edited by Waerzeggers Electronic open access edition (ISBN 978-0-88414-089-4) available at Silverman Jason M.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL of the ISRAEL PREHISTORIC SOCIETY Mitekufat Haeven Volume 46
    JOURNAL OF THE ISRAEL PREHISTORIC SOCIETY Mitekufat Haeven Volume 46 Editors: Dani Nadel Danny Rosenberg Daniel Kaufman Guy Bar-Oz Supported by the Irene Levi-Sala CARE Archaeological Foundation THE ISRAEL PREHISTORIC SOCIETY 2016 Table of Contents Editors’ forward 4 Site Formation Processes at the Late Middle Paleolithic Site of ‘Ein Qashish: A Micromorphological Study 5 Doron Boness and Yuval Goren Late Chalcolithic Settlement Remains East of Namir Road, Tel Aviv 20 Edwin C.M. van den Brink , Omry Barzilai , Jacob Vardi , Anat Cohen-Weinberger , Omri Lernau, Nili Liphschitz, George Bonani, Henk K. Mienis, Danny Rosenberg ,Barak Tzin, Amir Katina, Sariel Shalev, Sana Shilstein and Liora K. Horwitz The Chalcolithic Settlement of el-‘Arbain: Reassessing the Chalcolithic Culture of the Golan 122 Michael Freikman Obituary – In Memory of Daniel Ladiray 169 Hamoudi Khalaily Note for authors 171 Hebrew abstracts 4* Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 46 (2016), 169–170 Obituary IN Memory OF DANIEL Ladiray Hamoudi Khalaily Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem. [email protected] Daniel Ladiray passed away in November 2015 nearly three years after the death of Jean Perrot. Daniel was one of the most imaginative personalities at the French center of research in Israel. He was, for almost three decades, a central character in all the scientific and social activities of the French center. He was an artist, field surveyor, draftsman and archaeologist who devoted nearly 40 years of his life to archeology and archeological records in Israel and Iran. He was well known not only to archaeologists and researchers who were in direct contact with the “French delegation” that later became “the French Research Center in Jerusalem”, but almost to all researchers of prehistory in Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1: the Inter-Group and Present Scholarship……………………………………………………………………………………..57
    YOUR BROTHERS, THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN POLITICAL DISCCOURSE AND THE PROCESS OF BIBLICAL COMPOSITION A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dustin Dale Nash January 2015 © 2015 Dustin Dale Nash YOUR BROTHERS, THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE AND THE PROCESS OF BIBLICAL COMPOSITION Dustin Dale Nash, Ph. D. Cornell University 2015 The Hebrew Bible contains seventeen isolated passages, scattered from Genesis to 2 brother”) to define an inter-group“) אח Samuel, that use the Hebrew term relationship between two or more Israelite tribes. For over a century, biblical scholars have interpreted this terminology as conceptually dependent on the birth narratives and genealogies of Gen 29-50, reiterated in stories and lists elsewhere in the biblical corpus. However, examination of the Bible’s depiction of the Israelite tribes as “brothers” outside these seventeen passages indicates that the static genealogical structure of the twelve-tribe system constitutes a late ideological framework that harmonizes dissonant descriptions of Israel as an association of “brother” tribes. Significantly, references to particular tribal groups as “brothers” in the Mari archives yields a new paradigm for understanding the origins of Israelite tribal “brotherhood” that sets aside this ideological structure. Additionally, it reveals the ways in which biblical scribes exploited particular terms and ideas as the fulcrums for editorial intervention in the Hebrew Bible’s composition. More specifically, close analysis of these Akkadian texts reveals the existence of an ancient Near Eastern political discourse of “brotherhood” that identified tribal groups as independent peer polities, bound together through obligations of reciprocal peaceful relations and supportive behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient World
    The Ancient World Part I: Eastern Hellenism and Related Subjects: Greece, the Black Sea Region, Caucasus, Western- & Central Asia, the Indus Valley & India Mostly from the library of Professor Paul Bernard (Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan), including the library of Dr. Oscar White Muscarella (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) and completions from the libraries of Professors Philip Kohl (Wellesley College), Louis Flam (Lehman College, City University of New York), and Maurizio Tosi (Università statale Bologna-Ravenna). 3014 titles in ca. 3,550 physical volumes BERNARD Paul - Paul BERNARD, Académicien, helléniste, archéologue... http://www.aibl.fr/membres/academiciens-depuis-1663/article/bernard-p... Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres Accueil du site > Membres > Académiciens BERNARD Paul Sommaire Spécialisation Carrière Principales publications Vidéo Entretien Articles en ligne sur Persée Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur ; Officier de l’Ordre national du Mérite ; Commandeur dans l’Ordre des Palmes académiques ; Officier de l’Ordre des Arts et Lettres (Saint-Maxime, Var, le 13 juin 1929) Élu, le 31 janvier 1992, membre ordinaire de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, au fauteuil d’André CHASTEL. Décédé à Meulan-en-Yvelines, le 1 er décembre 2015. Spécialisation HELLÉNISTE [civilisations de l’Orient hellénisé (Asie centrale), archéologie grecque et orientale (notamment fouilles de Thasos, Aï Khanoum et Samarkand), épigraphie grecque, numismatique gréco- bactrienne, histoire de l’art gréco-oriental (architecture, sculpture), iconographie, histoire urbaine (Aï Khanoum), géographie historique (Bactriane)]. Carrière 1951. École Normale Supérieure. - 1954. Agrégé de grammaire. - 1958-1961. Membre de l’École française d’Athènes. - 1961-1965. Pensionnaire à l’Institut français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient à Beyrouth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elamite World France and Elam
    This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 26 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Elamite World Javier Álvarez-Mon, Gian Pietro Basello, Yasmina Wicks France and Elam Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315658032-4 Nicole Chevalier Published online on: 29 Jan 2018 How to cite :- Nicole Chevalier. 29 Jan 2018, France and Elam from: The Elamite World Routledge Accessed on: 26 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315658032-4 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. CHAPTER THREE FRANCE AND ELAM Nicole Chevalier* “But Elam, ancient, true Elam, famous rival of Babylon and Nineveh, was still sleep- ing underground and had not yet spoken.” Father Vincent Scheil 1911 n March 8, 1911, in a lecture on “The excavations and the history of Babylo- Onia, Assyria and Elam”, Father Vincent Scheil, the epigraphist of the Délégation scientifique française en Perse, described the state of knowledge about Elam before the research initiated at Susa in 1897.
    [Show full text]
  • Exile and Return Beihefte Zur Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
    Exile and Return Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft Edited by John Barton, Ronald Hendel, Reinhard G. Kratz and Markus Witte Volume 478 Exile and Return The Babylonian Context Edited by Jonathan Stökl and Caroline Waerzeggers DE GRUYTER ISBN 978-3-11-041700-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-041928-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-041952-8 ISSN 0934-2575 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Introduction | 1 Laurie E. Pearce Identifying Judeans and Judean Identity in the Babylonian Evidence | 7 Kathleen Abraham Negotiating Marriage in Multicultural Babylonia: An Example from the Judean Community in Āl-Yāhūdu | 33 Gauthier Tolini From Syria to Babylon and Back: The Neirab Archive | 58 Ran Zadok West Semitic Groups in the Nippur Region between c. 750 and 330 B.C.E. | 94 Johannes Hackl and Michael Jursa Egyptians in Babylonia in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods | 157 Caroline Waerzeggers Babylonian Kingship in the Persian Period: Performance and Reception | 181 Jonathan Stökl “A Youth Without Blemish, Handsome, Proficient in all Wisdom, Knowledgeable and Intelligent”: Ezekiel’s Access to Babylonian Culture | 223 H. G. M. Williamson The Setting of Deutero-Isaiah: Some Linguistic Considerations | 253 Madhavi Nevader Picking Up the Pieces of the Little Prince:Refractions of Neo-Babylonian Kingship Ideology in Ezekiel 40–48? | 268 VI Table of Contents Lester L.
    [Show full text]