DOCSLIB.ORG

Rusia. Teoría Y Praxis Del Imperialismo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rusia. Teoría Y Praxis Del Imperialismo Hubeñak, Florencio Rusia. Teoría y praxis del imperialismo Tesis de Doctorado en Historia Universidad Nacional de Cuyo 2001 Este documento está disponible en la Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad Católica Argentina, repositorio institucional desarrollado por la Biblioteca Central “San Benito Abad”. Su objetivo es difundir y preservar la producción intelectual de la Institución. La Biblioteca posee la autorización del autor para su divulgación en línea. Cómo citar el documento: Hubeñak, Florencio. “Rusia. Teoría y praxis del imperialismo” [en línea]. Tesis de Doctorado en Historia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Argentina, 2011. Disponible en: http://bibliotecadigital.uca.edu.ar/repositorio/contribuciones/rusia-teoria-praxis-imperialismo.pdf [Fecha de consulta: ….] 1 - - TRABAJO DE TESIS DOCTORAL EN HISTORIA Tema: “RUSIA. Teoria y praxis del imperialismo" Doctorando: Prof. Dr. Florencio Francisco Hubeñák Padrino de Tesis: Dra. María Estela Lépori de Pithod Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Año 2001 Introducción: 2 - - Existe un fenómeno que ha llamado la atención en siglos pasados a personalidades tan perspicaces como Napoleón, Tocqueville o Donoso Cortés y no puede menos de interesar a cualquier historiador por el análisis de los procesos histórico-políticos de larga duración: se trata del renacimiento de Rusia. Ya Boris Nolde -casi a principios de siglo -se interrogaba sobre cómo un pequeño estado nórdico de siglo XVI había conseguido en menos de cuatro siglos convertirse en un vasto Imperio que en la actualidad ocupa la mitad del continente europeo y una tercera parte del asiático, o sea una sexta parte del mundo. Si realizamos un análisis estadístico -tan afín a los historiadores tecnificados de nuestros días- comprobaremos sorprendentemente que desde el siglo XV hasta nuestros días Rusia ha anexado territorios en una proporción de aproximadamente 80 kilómetros cuadrados por día, abarcando a la fecha una superficie de alrededor de 17 millones de kilómetros cuadrados. Ese proceso tuvo un avance acelerado en el siglo XX, en que la Unión Soviética llegó entre 1940 y 1950 a anexar en una proporción de 3.000 km2 por día. Es importante señalar que contemporáneamente las naciones colonialistas de Occidente, especialmente Gran Bretaña y Francia, llevaban a cabo el proceso inverso. El interés histórico en este fenómeno se acentúa si comprobamos que existen muchos investigadores que se han dedicado a estudiar detalladamente las causales, mecanismos y consecuencias de los restantes imperios antiguos y fundamentalmente modernos, con una clara noción de continuidad en el análisis del proceso de su desarrollo expansivo y también investigaron las ideas que generaron y maduraron dicho imperialismo. Esto es expresamente manifiesto en cuanto se refiere al imperialismo británico y también al francés, especialmente en el siglo pasado. El ya mencionado Boris Nolde, sin nuestra perspectiva de haber vivido otra etapa del mismo proceso aclaró que “la historia de esta transformación casi milagrosa de pequeño estado nórdico a un inmenso imperio mundial no fue escrita jamás” y añadió que pretendía analizar cómo la “Grande Rusia” erigió un edificio único que constituyó uno de los fenómenos políticos más interesantes y grandiosos de la historia del mundo”. Tampoco él logró completar esta labor, pues le faltó, al menos, una etapa. 3 - - Estas consideraciones preliminares tienen por objeto señalar que se trata de un tema de innegable actualidad que no puede permanecer ajeno a un historiador que considere que su función esencial consiste en “buscar” en los orígenes históricos para obtener una mejor comprensión del mundo que le toca vivir y hacer de algún modo viable la opinión del eminente Tucídides sobre el papel pedagógico que corresponde a la historia, en este caso, fundamentalmente, en el tan controvertido, pero siempre tan subyugante, campo de lo político. Ya señalaba José Luis Romero que es misión de la historia “buscar en el pasado los temas que interesen al hombre de hoy”. La preocupación por esta temática se acrecienta si consideramos que la Rusia soviética cumplió un papel trascendental en la conducción política del siglo pasado y su reciente proceso de desintegración acrecienta el interés por una explicación basada en el pasado y con perspectiva de futuro, a la vez que aumenta nuestro interés por pretender comprender y vislumbrar el mundo que nos toca vivir. En otro aspecto, los estudios históricos contemporáneos se han centrado en la mayoría de los casos, en el tratamiento de temas muy específicos, con un criterio de “especialista” en su sentido reduccionista, que en nuestra opinión plantea el peligro de la atomización de una disciplina que consideramos debe ser fundamentalmente generalista e interpretativa, evitando ante todo la pérdida de enfoques integrales que aporta la falta de una visión de conjunto. Nos viene a la memoria aquel concepto algo irónico que refleja una realidad de nuestro tiempo: “la necesidad de especializarse en generalidades”. Es por ello que hemos elegido un tema “específico” intentando su análisis “especializado” con un criterio “generalista”, indispensable para evitar la pérdida de dicha visión de conjunto, que por otra parte, interrumpe notablemente la intelección del proceso completo y lleva el riesgo, por su limitación temporal, a conclusiones erróneas. En cuanto al tema elegido nos parece conveniente realizar algunas precisiones teóricas que permitan ceñirlo en un contexto racional y coherente, delimitando e l campo de nuestro estudio con claridad y especificando el sentido de los términos fundamentales y de enfoques empleados. 4 - - Para explicar el proceso de expansión rusa a través del tiempo hemos utilizado el gastado concepto de “imperialismo” por considerar que refleja claramente las características que señalaremos a través del trabajo, aclarando que entendemos por éste. “un movimiento de expansión indefinida, de alcance mundial, de carácter político y económico a la vez, acompañado de la creencia mística en una superioridad mundial, que confiere deberes y derechos frente a otros pueblos”. De la bibliografía consultada para precisar el concepto de imperialismo y definir el marco teórico para su uso, comprobamos- una vez más- la cantidad de enfoques incompletos que condicionan la historia a una visión unívoca. En el caso del “imperialismo” la ciencia política y la historiografía reciente han sostenido basándose en Conant, Hobson y Lenin que solamente existe imperialismo en una sociedad capitalista, entendiéndose por éste, la explotación monopólica a través de la exportación de capitales. Sin descartar la importancia del factor económico en la historia, un análisis cuidadoso nos permite apreciar fenómenos imperialistas con anterioridad a la aparición del capitalismo y por otra parte no dudamos de la existencia de imperialismo en las naciones no-capitalistas. Por ello nuestro análisis será básicamente político-ideológico, por otro lado coincidente con el área de nuestra orientación académica. La investigación etimológica nos señala que el concepto proviene del latín imperium y se refiere a la acción de mandar, entendida en un sentido sacral. Varios autores han realizado estudios sobre el “imperialismo en la Antigüedad”, fundamentalmente Jeróme Carcopino y Jean Rémy Palanque, de los cuales surge claramente que dicho imperialismo se relaciona directamente con los conceptos de “poder” y de “extensión”, llegando a considerar el hombre antiguo que era “tanto más imperio, cuanto más extenso “. Por otra parte una característica esencial era la “totalidad del poder en manos del estado”, consecuentemente organizado y autoritario. A ello debemos añadir que implicaba una innegable superioridad técnico-militar y económica, que permitiese dicha expansión. Durante el período feudal la concepción imperil conservó su aspecto místico, pero el concepto de “poder” se federalizó y entendió por Imperio a la cúspide de un grupo de naciones. Con el surgimiento de las "monarquías nacionales" prácticamente se perdió el término -que no aparece en la Encyclopédie- y recién resurgió con ímpetu 5 - - en la tercera década del siglo XIX, utilizado en forma peyorativa para referirse a la expansión napoleónica o a cualquier aspiración estatal de expansión. Sus actuales características “economicistas” adquirieron fuerza en la mitad del siglo XIX y se aplicaron fundamentalmente al estudio del Imperio Británico. Convencidos de la necesidad de un permanente “revisionismo” histórico que nos lleva a las fuentes hemos tratado de rescatar el sentido prístino del término y reimplantarlo en su concepción originaria. En otro aspecto- y pese a no ser el objetivo de este trabajo- creemos que no existe una única causa del imperialismo, ni tampoco un único factor que explique el imperialismo ruso. Percibimos que estas explicaciones deterministas conducen generalmente a interpretaciones erróneas, por incompleta, y en la actividad humana la síntesis quizá surja solamente del análisis de todos los factores que, por otra parte, actúan interrelacionados y no vivisecados. El estudio empírico del expansionismo ruso nos permitirá apreciar, a través de su desarrollo, múltiples factores que interactúan a través del mismo: geográficos, geopolíticos, económicos, de tradición, históricos, religiosos, psicológicos, de estructura social y de consideraciones estratégico-políticos, como también sentimientos tan diversos como el ansia de poder, miedo, orgullo, prestigio, espíritu guerrero o rapacidad. Del mismo modo que en la actualidad nos inunda la bibliografía que considera
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interview with VALERY IVANOVICH BOLDIN Present at the Talk Was
    Interview with VALERY IVANOVICH BOLDIN Present at the talk was Oleg Dmitrievich Baklanov This interview was conducted on February 24, 1999, in Moscow by Oleg Igorevich Skvortsov, project director, An Oral History of the Cold War, Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Publication, citation, or general dissemination without the express written consent of the authors is prohibited. O.S. I propose that we start our talk with the following topic: How would you evaluate the domestic situation in the Soviet Union and its standing in the world by the mid-1980s? Were the problems that Gorbachev and his team faced indeed fatal, and did these problems create an irresolvable situation from which there was no escape? Many of those who were close to Gorbachev often express completely opposite opinions on this matter and sometimes even contradict themselves. For example, Chernyaev says in one place that the crisis of the Soviet system was irreversible, yet in another place he writes that the crisis was not critical. Could the Soviet system have been reformed? And even after having declared the ideology bankrupt, could we have preserved the fundamental geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union? Did we have sufficient resources for extricating ourselves from the situation that had come into being by the mid-1980s? In other words, could we have won back what we had lost? V.B. The economic situation on the eve of Gorbachev’s coming to power was somewhat exacerbated by the fact that inflation began to exceed the normal boundaries. Boldin Interview Page 2 of 39 The first thing that happened as a result was that the population started buying up food supplies in large quantities, and, secondly, deposited huge amounts of money into their savings accounts.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Europe
    * *»t« »t<»»t« ************* Eastern Europe INTRODUCTION FTER A PROTRACTED STRUGCLE, Nikita Khrushchev succeeded in July 1957 AL. in securing the removal from top Communist Party and government positions of Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Georgi Malenkov, and Dmitri Shepilov. At the same time two other lesser party leaders, Mikail Pervukhin and Maxim Saburov, were removed from the Party presidium. The decision to remove them was taken at a plenary meeting of the Com- munist Party Central Committee in Moscow June 22-29, 1957. Khrushchev and the 309-member Central Committee accused the deposed leaders, the so- called "anti-Party group," of wanting to lead the Party back to the pattern of leadership and the political line that had prevailed under Josef Stalin. While there were varying interpretations as to which of the contending men and factions represented what policy, it was clear that in this all-important fight for power a new and significant element had been introduced. In his duel with the oldest and most authoritative leaders of the Party, Khrushchev could not muster more than about half of the presidium votes. The powerful support he needed to break the deadlock came from the Soviet army. The backing of Marshal Georgi Zhukov, according to reliable reports, assured Khrushchev's victory. At the same Central Committee meeting, Zhukov was elevated to full membership in the Party presidium. After the June plenum, the influence of Marshal Zhukov and his role in the government of the Soviet Union seemed to increase, and the marshal's pronouncements indicated that he did not underestimate his newly acquired power position.
    [Show full text]
  • Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
    Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT of INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION in Re FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE SYSTEM, INC., EMPLOYMEN
    USDC IN/ND case 3:05-md-00527-RLM-MGG document 3279 filed 03/22/19 page 1 of 354 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION ) Case No. 3:05-MD-527 RLM In re FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE ) (MDL 1700) SYSTEM, INC., EMPLOYMENT ) PRACTICES LITIGATION ) ) ) THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO: ) ) Carlene Craig, et. al. v. FedEx Case No. 3:05-cv-530 RLM ) Ground Package Systems, Inc., ) ) PROPOSED FINAL APPROVAL ORDER This matter came before the Court for hearing on March 11, 2019, to consider final approval of the proposed ERISA Class Action Settlement reached by and between Plaintiffs Leo Rittenhouse, Jeff Bramlage, Lawrence Liable, Kent Whistler, Mike Moore, Keith Berry, Matthew Cook, Heidi Law, Sylvia O’Brien, Neal Bergkamp, and Dominic Lupo1 (collectively, “the Named Plaintiffs”), on behalf of themselves and the Certified Class, and Defendant FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (“FXG”) (collectively, “the Parties”), the terms of which Settlement are set forth in the Class Action Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) attached as Exhibit A to the Joint Declaration of Co-Lead Counsel in support of Preliminary Approval of the Kansas Class Action 1 Carlene Craig withdrew as a Named Plaintiff on November 29, 2006. See MDL Doc. No. 409. Named Plaintiffs Ronald Perry and Alan Pacheco are not movants for final approval and filed an objection [MDL Doc. Nos. 3251/3261]. USDC IN/ND case 3:05-md-00527-RLM-MGG document 3279 filed 03/22/19 page 2 of 354 Settlement [MDL Doc. No. 3154-1]. Also before the Court is ERISA Plaintiffs’ Unopposed Motion for Attorney’s Fees and for Payment of Service Awards to the Named Plaintiffs, filed with the Court on October 19, 2018 [MDL Doc.
    [Show full text]
  • Martian Crater Morphology
    ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Diplomacy and the Spanish Civil War *
    SLIGHTLY REVISED 27.VII.2009 CHAPTER NINE CAUGHT IN A CLEFT STICK : SOVIET DIPLOMACY AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR * MICHAEL JABARA CARLEY The late British historian John Erickson wrote that the Spanish Civil War put the Soviet government into a cleft stick; caught between helping the Spanish Republic against a military, fascist uprising and alienating a new found, but milquetoast French ally. 1 The mutiny in Spain was directed against the recently elected centre-left coalition, the Popular Front, which included Spanish communists. It should have been normal for the Soviet Union to want to help workers and communists fighting against a right- wing, fascist mutiny. France too had just elected a Popular Front government, but the French coalition was fragile. Its most conservative element, the Radical party, was unwilling to get involved in Spain for fear of inflaming domestic political tensions or risking civil war. The British Conservative government also took a dim view of active involvement in the civil war and of Soviet intervention to support the Spanish Republicans, even if they were the legitimately elected, legal government. Most British Conservatives had a special aversion for the Soviet Union, and saw its involvement in Spain as a threat to spread communism into Western Europe. The Soviet government did not have the leisure to consider the Spanish problem outside the larger issue of its security in Europe. In January 1933 Adolf Hitler had taken power in Germany. The Soviet government immediately saw the danger even if the Soviet Union had maintained good or tolerable relations with the Weimar Republic during the 1920s.
    [Show full text]
  • Sprawiedliwość Społeczna Jako Idea Solidarności I Równości
    ROCZNIKI FILOZOFICZNE Tom LXVI, numer 1 – 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf.2018.66.1-7 ANDRZEJ STOIŃSKI * PRZEOBRAŻENIA IDEI SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI SPOŁECZNEJ CZĘŚĆ III: SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ SPOŁECZNA JAKO IDEA SOLIDARNOŚCI I RÓWNOŚCI Ze sprawiedliwością społeczną identyfikowane są nie tylko różne odmia- ny sprawiedliwości, ale także inne idee. Wśród nich znajdują się na przykład równość i solidarność1. Kreują one obraz egalitarnego społeczeństwa2. Zyg- munt Ziembiński podkreśla jednak, że sprawiedliwość społeczna rozumiana jako urzeczywistnienie społecznej równości lub solidarności nie jest w ogóle odmianą sprawiedliwości, ale odrębną od niej ideą3. Podobnie sugeruje H. Pey- ton Young, który uważa, że treść sprawiedliwości społecznej jest jedną z od- powiedzi na pytanie o pożądany kształt organizacji społeczeństwa4. Dr ANDRZEJ STOIŃSKI — Instytut Filozofii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie; adres do korespondencji: ul. K. Obitza 1, 10–725 Olsztyn; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Problematykę sprawiedliwości społecznej rozumianej jako idea solidarności i równości stara- łem się w sposób bardziej pogłębiony zaprezentować w V i VI rozdziale monografii Idea sprawie- dliwości społecznej. Wstępna klasyfikacja znaczeń (Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo UWM, 2017), 103–154. Na temat pojęcia „solidarność” i szerzej „solidaryzm” zob. Sławomir TKACZ i Aleksandra WENTKOWSKA, „O naturze teoretyczno-prawnej i uwikłaniach pojęcia ‘solidaryzm’”, w: Idea soli- daryzmu we współczesnej filozofii prawa i polityki, red. Anna Łabno (Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, 2012), 107–110. Co do niesymetryczności, na której ufundowana jest solidarność, zob. Jan JOŃCZYK, Prawo zabezpieczenia społecznego (Kraków: Zakamycze, 2001), 38. 2 Na ten cel wskazują na przykład Joseph ZAJDA, Suzanne MAJHANOVICH i Val RUST, „Edu- cation and Social Justice: Issues of Liberty and Equality in the Global Culture”, w: Education and Social Justice, red.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Full PDF
    en Books published to date in the continuing series o .:: -m -I J> SOVIET ADVANCES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, George Lenczowski, 1971. 176 C pages, $4.00 ;; Explores and analyzes recent Soviet policies in the Middle East in terms of their historical background, ideological foundations and pragmatic application in the 2 political, economic and military sectors. n PRIVATE ENTERPRISE AND SOCIALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST, Howard S. Ellis, m 1970. 123 pages, $3.00 en Summarizes recent economic developments in the Middle East. Discusses the 2- significance of Soviet economic relations with countries in the area and suggests new approaches for American economic assistance. -I :::I: TRADE PATTERNS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, Lee E. Preston in association with m Karim A. Nashashibi, 1970. 93 pages, $3.00 3: Analyzes trade flows within the Middle East and between that area and other areas of the world. Describes special trade relationships between individual -C Middle Eastern countries and certain others, such as Lebanon-France, U.S .S.R.­ C Egypt, and U.S.-Israel. r­ m THE DILEMMA OF ISRAEL, Harry B. Ellis, 1970. 107 pages, $3.00 m Traces the history of modern Israel. Analyzes Israel 's internal political, eco­ J> nomic, and social structure and its relationships with the Arabs, the United en Nations, and the United States. -I JERUSALEM: KEYSTONE OF AN ARAB-ISRAELI SETTLEMENT, Richard H. Pfaff, 1969. 54 pages, $2.00 Suggests and analyzes seven policy choices for the United States. Discusses the religious significance of Jerusalem to Christians, Jews, and Moslems, and points out the cultural gulf between the Arabs of the Old City and the Western­ r oriented Israelis of West Jerusalem.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology Today Spring 2014
    Spring 2014 TECHNOLOGY today® Southwest Research Institute® San Antonio, Texas Spring 2014 • Volume 35, No.2 TECHNOLOGY today COVER Director of Communications Dr. Tim Martin Editor Joe Fohn TECHNOLOGY Assistant Editor today Deborah Deffenbaugh Contributors Deb Schmid Tracey S. Whelan Design Scott Funk Photography Larry Walther Circulation Darlene Herring D019274_4431 Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas About the cover A portable solar cell atop a rotating fixture has a Technology Today (ISSN 1528-431X) is published three times "moth-eye" light-absorbing coating applied inside each year and distributed free of charge. The publication a vacuum deposition chamber. discusses some of the more than 1,000 research and develop- ment projects under way at Southwest Research Institute. The materials in Technology Today may be used for educational and informational purposes by the public and the media. Credit to Southwest Research Institute should be given. This authorization does not extend to property rights such as patents. Commercial and promotional use of the contents in Technology Today without the express written consent of Southwest Research Institute is prohibited. The information published in Technology Today does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of Southwest Research Institute or its clients, and no endorsements should be made or inferred. Address correspondence to the editor, Communications Department, Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510, or e-mail [email protected]. To be placed on the mailing list or to make address changes, call (210) 522-2257 or fax (210) 522-3547, or visit update.swri.org. © 2014 Southwest Research Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanjay Limaye US Lead-Investigator Ludmila Zasova Russian Lead-Investigator Steering Committee K
    Answer to the Call for a Medium-size mission opportunity in ESA’s Science Programme for a launch in 2022 (Cosmic Vision 2015-2025) EuropEan VEnus ExplorEr An in-situ mission to Venus Eric chassEfièrE EVE Principal Investigator IDES, Univ. Paris-Sud Orsay & CNRS Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay colin Wilson Co-Principal Investigator Dept Atm. Ocean. Planet. Phys. Oxford University, Oxford Takeshi imamura Japanese Lead-Investigator sanjay Limaye US Lead-Investigator LudmiLa Zasova Russian Lead-Investigator Steering Committee K. Aplin (UK) S. Lebonnois (France) K. Baines (USA) J. Leitner (Austria) T. Balint (USA) S. Limaye (USA) J. Blamont (France) J. Lopez-Moreno (Spain) E. Chassefière(F rance) B. Marty (France) C. Cochrane (UK) M. Moreira (France) Cs. Ferencz (Hungary) S. Pogrebenko (The Neth.) F. Ferri (Italy) A. Rodin (Russia) M. Gerasimov (Russia) J. Whiteway (Canada) T. Imamura (Japan) C. Wilson (UK) O. Korablev (Russia) L. Zasova (Russia) Sanjay Limaye Ludmilla Zasova Eric Chassefière Takeshi Imamura Colin Wilson University of IKI IDES ISAS/JAXA University of Oxford Wisconsin-Madison Laboratory of Planetary Space Science and Spectroscopy Univ. Paris-Sud Orsay & Engineering Center Space Research Institute CNRS 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, 1225 West Dayton Street Russian Academy of Sciences Universite Paris-Sud, Bat. 504. Sagamihara Dept of Physics Madison, Wisconsin, Profsoyusnaya 84/32 91405 ORSAY Cedex Kanagawa 229-8510 Parks Road 53706, USA Moscow 117997, Russia FRANCE Japan Oxford OX1 3PU Tel +1 608 262 9541 Tel +7-495-333-3466 Tel 33 1 69 15 67 48 Tel +81-42-759-8179 Tel 44 (0)1-865-272-086 Fax +1 608 235 4302 Fax +7-495-333-4455 Fax 33 1 69 15 49 11 Fax +81-42-759-8575 Fax 44 (0)1-865-272-923 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] European Venus Explorer – Cosmic Vision 2015 – 2025 List of EVE Co-Investigators NAME AFFILIATION NAME AFFILIATION NAME AFFILIATION AUSTRIA Migliorini, A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Polish "Sickness" and Franco-Soviet Relations, 1934-1939
    THE POLISH "SICKNESS" AND FRANCO-SOVIET RELATIONS, 1934-1939 Shawnessy Yevonne Johnson B.A. Honours, Carleton University, 1995 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O Shawnessy Yevonne Johnson 1997 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY October 1997 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or by other means, without permission of the author. National Library Biblloth&que nationale 191 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acqutsitiomt Bibliographic Services se~ces+bliographiques The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distnbute or sell reproduire, priter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/filrn, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownerstup of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis, ~eithirthe droit d'auteur qui protege cette thtse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent itre imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorkation. APPROVAL Name: Shawnessy Yevonne Johnson L Degree: Master of Arts (History) Title of Thesis: The Polish "Sickness" and Franco-Soviet Relations, 1934-1939 Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Ian Dyck Dr. ~icdard&, Debb Se ior Supervisor &ed& of History ~r=tin Kitchen Professor of History pr.
    [Show full text]