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Superposed Fault Systems of the Southernmost Appalachian Talladega Belt: Implications for Paleozoic Orogenesis in the Southern Appalachians Clinton Ivan Barineau

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Superposed Fault Systems of the Southernmost Appalachian Talladega Belt: Implications for Paleozoic Orogenesis in the Southern Appalachians Clinton Ivan Barineau Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 Superposed Fault Systems of the Southernmost Appalachian Talladega Belt: Implications for Paleozoic Orogenesis in the Southern Appalachians Clinton Ivan Barineau Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SUPERPOSED FAULT SYSTEMS OF THE SOUTHERNMOST APPALACHIAN TALLADEGA BELT: IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOZOIC OROGENESIS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS By CLINTON IVAN BARINEAU A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Geological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2009 The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Clinton I. Barineau defended on June 25th, 2009. __________________________________ James F. Tull Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ George W. Bates Outside Committee Member __________________________________ A. Leroy Odom Committee Member __________________________________ Stephen A. Kish Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________ A. Leroy Odom, Chair, Geological Sciences ____________________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, Arts and Sciences The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii To Diedre, Lauren, and Zach, for their love and never ending encouragement. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe an incalculable debt of gratitude to a huge group of people, without whom I could have never completed this document and my graduate work. First, I am indebted to my advisor, Jim Tull, who spent countless hours patiently guiding me through my academic efforts over the past 15 years. I count him as much a friend as I do an advisor. Jim has been an excellent source of career advice and I am indebted to him for his efforts in helping me procure a faculty position. His enthusiasm towards field geology, in general, and the southern Appalachians, specifically, has inspired me over the years and I am lucky to have learned my trade from someone with his knowledge and expertise. If my career as a geologist is half as successful as his, I shall count myself fortunate. I have interacted with a number of faculty members at FSU during the course of my undergraduate and graduate studies, all who have provided me with valuable assistance and insights into my academic pursuits. Thanks to Roy Odom for his knowledge of southern Appalachian geology and willingness to share his thoughts and opinions with me. I am also grateful for his time and assistance at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory during preparation of mineral samples for isotopic analysis. Neil Lundberg has always been willing to share his expertise on the Taiwan collisional orogen, especially the sedimentological record, and his feedback on these aspects of my dissertation has proved invaluable. Steve Kish has proven a wealth of information on the metamorphic history of the region and I am indebted to him for his thoughts and opinions on metamorphism and metamorphic ages in the southern Appalachian orogenic belt. Jennifer Georgen supplied a wealth of knowledge on tectonic processes and geophysics, and her feedback on subduction initiation processes was greatly appreciated in preparing this manuscript. Bill Parker was always willing to share his knowledge on sedimentation processes and I have benefited much over the years from his tutelage. Tapas Bhattacharyya’s knowledge of Himalayan tectonics was extremely valuable and his willingness to act as a sounding board for my ideas is greatly appreciated. I am especially indebted to George Bates, Department of Biological Sciences, who agreed on short notice to act as my outside committee member and who iv has provided me with countless hours of challenge on the racquetball court (usually trouncing me soundly) during my intermittent breaks from writing. Lastly, I would like to thank the collective faculty in the Department of Geological Sciences for providing me with a superb education. Over the past 15 years you have inspired me to endeavor to become both a quality researcher and teacher. I have immensely enjoyed my interactions with a number of FSU staff members, graduate students, and alumni over the years, and I have greatly benefited from their knowledge and friendship. Tami Karl and Mary Gilmore have always bent over backwards to help me with the bureaucratic maze that makes up a university. My discussions with Li Li, Stephen Palmes, Chul Lim, Lance Johnson, Jiun-Yee Yen, Martin Balinsky, Deb Hilton, Haitham Baggazi, Pallov Pal, Stephen Whiting, and many other students in the structure lab have taught me much during my graduate career. I am grateful to Reshmi Das for her help with mineral separation techniques and isotopic geochemistry and Ted Zateslo for his tireless efforts to solve computer and other technical problems. I am especially grateful to three FSU Geology alumni: Chris Holm- Denoma, who shared an office with me and spurred much of my thinking on the Taconic orogeny; Mark Groszos, my colleague at Valdosta State University who shared his knowledge of the southern Appalachians during our daily commute between Tallahassee and Valdosta; and David Allison at the University of South Alabama, who has been an endless source of information regarding the geology of the Ashland- Wedowee belt, database management, and the construction of digital maps. I would also like to extend my thanks to the Department of Geological Sciences, which provided partial funding of my graduate studies through teaching and research assistantships for a number of years. Additionally, a significant percentage of my field work was funded through grants from the U.S. Geological Survey Educational National Mapping Cooperative, the National Science Foundation, Sigma Xi, the Robert C. Lang III Memorial Scholarship, and FSU Department of Geological Sciences Banks Award. Additionally, I have been fortunate to have the opportunity to teach at a number of institutions during my graduate studies, including Florida State University, Tallahassee Community College, Valdosta State University, Thomas University, and Columbus State University, all of which have provided me with invaluable experience as an educator. v Finally, I am most grateful to my family, all whom have been unceasingly supportive (both emotionally and financially) through my entire academic career. To my parents I owe a debt of gratitude for instilling in me a curiosity of the world around me and for teaching me to persevere in pursuit of my dreams. However, I owe the biggest thanks of all to my wife, Diedre, who has sacrificed much for me to complete my graduate work, given me tireless encouragement and support through the years, and enriched my life beyond all expectations. Without you and our children, this would hold little meaning for me. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures.......................................................................................................... x Abstract ................................................................................................................... xii 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose and scope................................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................... 3 2. GEOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERNMOST APPALACHIANS ............................... 5 2.1 General Overview................................................................................... 5 Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt ........................................................... 6 Talladega Belt (western Blue Ridge) ................................................. 9 Alternative Interpretations of the Talladega belt................................. 14 Ashland-Wedowee belt (western Blue Ridge).................................... 18 Ashland-Wedowee belt plutonic rocks ............................................... 20 2.2 Tectonic models for the southern Appalachians ..................................... 27 Iapetan Rifting and peri-Laurentian Microcontinents.......................... 27 Taconic orogenesis............................................................................ 31 Acadian orogenesis ........................................................................... 31 Alleghanian orogenesis...................................................................... 32 3. HOLLINS LINE FAULT SYSTEM AND HILLABEE THRUST............................. 34 3.1 Hollins Line: General Overview .............................................................. 34 3.2 Roof, Floor, and Splay Thrusts ............................................................... 35 3.3 Hillabee Thrust Overview........................................................................ 39 3.4 Nature of the Hillabee Thrust.................................................................. 40 3.5 Alternative Interpretations of the Hollins Line Fault System ................... 43 vii 3.6 Alternative Interpretations of the Hillabee Thrust.................................... 48 3.7 Alternative Interpretations, Shear Strain, and Metamorphism ................ 53 4. TACONIC OROGENY OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS ........................ 56 4.1 Arc-continent collisions..........................................................................
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