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Studiu De Antropologie Ghimbav

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Studiu De Antropologie Ghimbav STUDIU DE ANTROPOLOGIE URBANĂ A LOCALITĂȚII GHIMBAV STUDIU DE ANTROPOLOGIE URBANĂ A LOCALITĂȚII GHIMBAV BENEFICIAR: PRIMĂRIA ORAŞULUI GHIMBAV EXECUTANT: Asociatia AIDA Brașov - 2015- 1 CUPRINS INFORMAȚII GENERALE ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 DESCRIEREA METODEI ȘI DIRECTIILOR DE CERCETARE .......................................................................................... 3 ANALIZA EVOLUȚIEI LOCALITĂȚII GHIMBAV ............................................................................................................. 4 1. AȘEZARE GEOGRAFICĂ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2. ISTORICUL LOCALITĂȚII .......................................................................................................................................... 5 3. ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIVA ȘI TERITORIALA ......................................................................................... 8 4. EVOLUȚIA DEMOGRAFICĂ. STRUCTURI ETNICE, RELIGIOASE. EVOLUȚIE OCUPAȚIONALĂ .............. 10 5. EVOLUȚIA TERITORIULUI ADMINISTRATIV ȘI INTRAVILAN ....................................................................... 12 6. DEZVOLTAREA LOCUINȚEI: TIPOLOGIE, CARACTERISTICI, AMENAJĂRI ................................................. 13 7. EVOLUȚIA INFRASTRUCTURII EDILITARE ........................................................................................................ 15 8. EVOLUȚIA SPAȚIILOR VERZI ȘI A SPAȚIILOR DE AGREMENT ..................................................................... 16 9. EVOLUȚIA ACTIVITĂȚII ECONOMICE ................................................................................................................. 17 10. IDENTIFICAREA VALORILOR ISTORICE CONSTRUITE .................................................................................. 18 11. IDENTIFICAREA OBICEIURILOR LOCUITORILOR DIN GHIMBAV ............................................................... 18 12. CONCLUZII ALE STUDIULUI ................................................................................................................................ 19 BIBLIOGRAFIE .................................................................................................................................................................... 22 2 ”Numai cei ce privesc spre viitor pot fi conștienți că tradiția există și este vie (…) sarcina cea mai importantă azi e creația, având drept scop o valorificare a trecutului în favoarea viitorului” / Kenzo Tange. INFORMAȚII GENERALE ANTROPOLOGÍE s. f. Știință care studiază originea, evoluția și diversele tipuri fizice ale omului, în corelație cu condițiile naturale și social-culturale. – Din fr. Anthropologie/ DEX on -line. (Sursa: https://dexonline.ro). Antropologia se ocupă cu studiul științific al omului (genul Homo Hominis). Este o disciplină holistică din două puncte de vedere: se ocupă de studiul interdependențelor dintre viața umană individuală și viața socială în ansamblul ei, din toate epocile și tratează toate dimensiunile umanității. În centrul antropologiei se află ideea de cultură și noțiunea că aceasta reprezintă specia umană, că specia noastră și-a dezvoltat o capacitate universală de a concepe lumea simbolic, de a preda și învăța astfel de simboluri în mod social și de a transforma lumea (și pe noi înșine) pe baza acestor simboluri (Sursa: https://dexonline.ro). Într-o lume globalizată, această știința ne ajută să înțelegem sistemele de organizare ale societății, sistemele economice, religioase diferite de cele în care trăim. Antropologia ne oferă o înțelegere mai bună a schimbărilor cu care se confruntă societatea în care trăim, oferindu-ne și instrumentele de analiză a acestora. Prezentul studiu se referă la evoluția localității Ghimbav, de la stadiul de comună la stadiul de oraș, și la provocările cu care se confruntă datorită globalizării societății contemporane. UAT GHIMBAV este administrativ urban din anul 2002, nu are localități componente și este compus preponderent din zone de case tradiționale, zone case noi, o zonă de locuințe colective (blocuri), o zona mixtă, preponderent rezidențial, cu blocuri vechi și construcții industriale, aflate în extindere. Prezintă o planeitate unitară, specifică câmpiilor piemontane cu dezvoltări de-a lungul cursului de apă principal ce traversează localitatea – pârâul Ghimbașel. Echipa de realizare La realizarea studiului a contribuit o echipa formată din: - SANDU Adrian - profesor filozofie, sociologie C.N. A.Șaguna, Brașov; - DĂNILĂ Simina - student SNSPA București; - ȘTEFAN Dumitru - student SNSPA București; - Membrii ai Asociației AIDA Brașov; - Coordonator: DUMITRU Ion - Asociației AIDA Brașov DESCRIEREA METODEI ȘI DIRECTIILOR DE CERCETARE Pornind de la faptul că „oraşul reprezintă un spaţiu urban amenajat, cu funcţii multiple în viaţa socială şi cu numeroase relaţii cu exteriorul său” (Sursa: Nicolae, V, Constantin, L. - Bazele economiei regionale şi urbane, Editura Oscar Print, Bucureşti, 1998), rezultă, în mod necesar, necesitatea abordării sale ca un sistem socio-spaţial. Antropologia urbană este un subdomeniu al antropologiei ce se ocupă cu problemele urbanizării, sărăciei și a mobilității sociale. După turnura politică a anilor ’90, practicile umane nu pot fi gândite în afara unei analize relaționale și procesuale care leagă localul cu globalul, atât istoric, cât și pe diversele 3 scale spațiale. Fenomenele locale nu sunt produse locale, ele sunt în mod profund legate de procesele globale. Oraşul este alcătuit din mai multe elemente aflate în relaţii de inter-condiţionare şi interdependenţă, pe baza cărora se construieşte o matrice a structurii urbane. Direcțiile de cercetare ale prezentului studiu sunt concentrate pe analiza principalelor aspecte ale culturii umane: viață socială, viață economică, viață religioasă, viață politică, respectiv viața urbană sau formele de expresie simbolică sau vizuală care au fost luate în considerare pentru crearea unei imagini complete a orașului Ghimbav. Principalii factori care au influențat evoluția socio-economica a localității sunt: 1. așezarea geografică; 2. istoricul localității; 3. evoluția organizării administrative teritoriale; 4. evoluția demografică: structuri etnice, religioase, evoluție ocupatională; 5. dezvoltarea urbanistică; 6. evoluția infrastructurii edilitare; 7. dezvoltarea locuinței: tipologie, caracteristici, amenajări, 8. evoluția spațiilor verzi și a spațiilor de agrement; 9. evoluția economică. ANALIZA EVOLUȚIEI LOCALITĂȚII GHIMBAV 1. AȘEZARE GEOGRAFICĂ Ghimbav este unul din cele 10 orașe componente ale județului Brașov cu o populație de 5.839 persoane (Sursa: INSSE, baza de date TEMPO online / Populaţia după domiciliu la 1 ianuarie pe grupe de varsta, sexe, judete si localitati). Teritorial, UAT Ghimbav este așezată în zona central-nord-vestică a Depresiunii Bârsa, la o altitudine de 535 m. Orașul Ghimbav face parte din zona Metropolitană Brașov și este situat la o distanță de cca. 7 km de municipiul Brașov, străbătut de DN1/E68 și DN73 pentru trafic auto și de calea ferată Brașov-Făgăraș-Sibiu. Sursa: http://www.ghimbav-turism.ro 4 Zona este străbătută de cursurile pârâurilor Bârsa și Ghimbașel. Din acest motiv localitatea este caracterizată de două forme de relief, distincte: - zona de luncă, aflată de o parte și alta a albiilor celor două râuri; - zona de terasă depresionară, aflată în vestul localității. Localitatea se află la intersecţia unor importante căi de comunicație (DN1, DN73) ce fac legatura cu renumite zone turistice locale: Braşov, staţiunea Poiana Braşov, Munţii Postăvaru, Cristianu Mare şi Piatra Mare, staţiunea Predeal, cetatea Râşnov şi oraşul Zărneşti (punct de plecare în masivul Piatra Craiului). 2. ISTORICUL LOCALITĂȚII Ghimbav, ca așezare omenească, are o vechime de 765 ani, vechime dovedită de numeroase mărturii istorice și culturale. Deși au fost descoperite vestigii arheologice care atestă prezența locuirii umane a acestei zone din perioada de început a epocii bronzului, numărul acestora este redus. Ca entitate istorică și culturală, Ghimbavul a evoluat în contextul dezvoltarii Țării Bârsei (Burzenland - “Țara Bârsei - districtul Brașovului ce includea și localitatea Ghimbav). Sursa: http://www.ghimbav-turism.ro În perioada 1205 - 1235, regele Ungariei, Andrei al II-lea, conferă Țării Bârsei Ordinul Cavalerilor Teutoni prin Diploma de Instalare din 1211. Drept urmare a acestui act, în următorii 14 ani regiunea va fi colonizată cu populație germanică provenită din localitatea Weidenbach (pârâul sălciilor), localitate aflată la cca 70 km sud-vest de Koblentz, zona de confluență dintre Rin cu Moselei. Aceștia întemeiază noua așezare de-a lungul pârâului Ghimbașel, păstrând denumirea localității de proveniență - Weidenbach. Denumirea germană a localităţii “Weidenbach” (“Râul cu sălcii”) este diferită de numele românesc al oraşului, care provine de la numele râului ce străbate oraşul. Izvoarele râului sunt în Muntele Ghimbav, din masivul Bucegi. Astfel, muntele a dat numele apei, iar apa a botezat oraşul. Privilegiile obținuțe de la regele Ungariei au dat dreptul comunităților formate de coloniștii germani (comune) să-și aleagă primarii (juzii) ce erau confirmați de judele regal doar dacă locuiau permanent în aceste locații. În acea perioadă, localitatea Ghimbav a facut parte din unitatea administrativă numita “centurie”, unitate
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