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(Caryophyllaceae), a New Combination for the Flora of Île St. Paul (Southern Indian Ocean), with Some Historical Notes

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(Caryophyllaceae), a New Combination for the Flora of Île St. Paul (Southern Indian Ocean), with Some Historical Notes adansonia 2018 ● 40 ● 3 Martín E. TIMANÁ art. 40 (3) — Published on 19 February 2018 www.adansonia.com DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Thierry Deroin RÉDACTEURS / EDITORS : Porter P. Lowry II ; Zachary S. Rogers ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Emmanuel Côtez ([email protected]) ; Anne Mabille MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Emmanuel Côtez COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : P. Baas (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen) F. Blasco (CNRS, Toulouse) M. W. Callmander (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève) J. A. Doyle (University of California, Davis) P. K. Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich) P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier) L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève) F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran) K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg) J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest) P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier) S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo) É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo) P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth) J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra) J. R. Wood (Oxford) COUVERTURE / COVER : Lectotype (BM 000513207) of Sagina diffusa (Hook.f.) Timaná, comb. nov. Reproduced by permission, ©The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. Adansonia est indexé dans / Adansonia is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences® – Scopus® Adansonia est distribué en version électronique par / Adansonia is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Adansonia est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris Adansonia is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2018 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1280-8571/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1639-4798 Sagina diffusa (Hook.f.) Timaná, comb. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), a new combination for the flora of Île St. Paul (Southern Indian Ocean), with some historical notes Martín E. TIMANÁ Department of Humanities, Geography Section, and Applied Geography Research Center (CIGA-PUCP) Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima (Perú) [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-4449 Submitted on 23 October 2017 | Accepted on 30 January 2018 | Published on 19 February 2018 Timaná M. E. 2018. — Sagina diffusa (Hook.f.) Timaná, comb. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), a new combination for the KEY WORDS flora of Île St. Paul (Southern Indian Ocean), with some historical notes. Adansonia, sér. 3, 40 (3): 47-53. https://doi. Sagina, org/10.5252/adansonia2018v40a3. http://adansonia.com/40/3 Colobanthus, Caryophyllaceae, ABSTRACT Île St. Paul, Île Amsterdam, A new combination, Sagina diffusa (Hook.f.) Timaná, comb. nov., Caryophyllaceae, from the Île St. Southern Indian Ocean, Paul (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises) is proposed to replace Colobanthus diffusus Hook.f. Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, Sagina diffusa, comb. nov. is characterized by an upright pedicel and appressed sepals during and after new combination. capsule development. A historical account of putative type specimens is presented. MOTS CLÉS Sagina, RÉSUMÉ Colobanthus, Sagina diffusa (Hook.f.) Timaná, comb. nov., Caryophyllaceae, une nouvelle combinaison pour la flore Caryophyllaceae, Île St. Paul, de l’Île St. Paul (sud de l’Océan Indien), avec quelques notes historiques. Île Amsterdam, Une nouvelle combinaison, Sagina diffusa (Hook.f.) Timaná, comb. nov., Caryophyllaceae, de l’Île sud de l’Océan Indien, St. Paul (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises) est proposée pour remplacer Colobanthus diffusus Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, Hook.f. Sagina diffusa, comb. nov. se caractérise par un pédicelle érigé et des sépales apprimés pendant combinaison nouvelle. et après le développement de la capsule. Un historique des spécimens de types putatifs est présenté. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2018 • 40 (3) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 47 Timaná M. E. INTRODUCTION century by the crew of Magellan’s expedition on their way back to Europe. The first reported landing, however, was by In Flora Antarctica (Part 1), Sir Joseph D. Hooker (1844- the Dutch sailor Willem de Vlamingh in 1696 (Aubert de la 1847) described two species of Colobanthus Bartl. found on Rüe 1966; Lebouvier & Frenot 2007). Île Amsterdam should the southern Indian Ocean islands: C. kerguelensis Hook.f. and not be confused with “Amsterdam Island,” a name given by C. diffusus Hook.f. The first species is currently known in the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1643 to the island currently Kerguelen archipelago, Prince Edward Islands, Crozet Island, known as Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga, in the South Pacific. and Heard Island. C. diffusus was erroneously reported for Tongatapu was visited by James Cook’s second expedition in Île Amsterdam, and thus, the identity of this species has long September 1773 (Beaglehole 1992); Johann R. Forster was remained enigmatic, for it has not been collected in recent the leading botanist of this expedition and thus, his main years and the type specimen has not been studied in detail collections are kept at the BM herbarium, citing “Amsterdam for nearly one hundred years. Here I report the true identity Island” as collecting locality. of this species as a member of the genus Sagina. A brief historical account of the two islands has been presented The genus Sagina L. (Caryophyllaceae) consists of approxi- by Aubert de la Rüe (1966); the flora and vegetation of these mately 15 to 30 species of annual and perennial herbs (Crow two islands have been studied by Hemsley (1884), Schenck 1978; Bittrich 1993; Lu & Rabeler 2001; Hernández-Ledesma (1905) and Aubert de la Rüe (1932), however, as Frodin (2001) et al. 2015), distributed mostly in northern temperate regions indicated, a modern flora of these islands is still lacking. of North America, Europe and Asia, although endemic spe- cies have been reported in Australia (Adams 1996), New Guinea (Larsen 1998) and the Kerguelen phytogeographic HISTORICAL ACCOUNT zone (Hooker 1844-1847). The genus Colobanthus includes nearly 20 species distributed across the southern temperate In the early history of exploration and scientific research, regions, from southern South America, temperate Australia, much confusion arose over the names of these two neighboring New Zealand and adjacent subantarctic islands, to the Ker- islands since the current names were reversed in most naval guelen phytogeographic zone (Moore 1970; Bittrich 1993; charts and botanical works, as in, for example, Hooker’s Flora Hernández-Ledesma et al. 2015). Phylogenetic studies have Antarctica (1844-1847; but see Hooker 1875). Therefore, demonstrated that Sagina and Colobanthus are closely related as Hemsley (1884) explained, the plant species recorded in (Harbaugh et al. 2010; Greenberg & Donoghue 2011). Hooker’s Flora Antarctica from Île Amsterdam were actually Morphologically, they differ from each other by the presence from Île St. Paul. This error also applies to the specimens of petals in Sagina (none in Colobanthus) and episepalous collected earlier by Sir George Leonard Staunton mentioned stamens in Sagina (alternisepalous in Colobanthus) among by Reichardt (1871). other characters (Table 1). The only extant type specimen of J. D. Hooker described Colobanthus diffusus in 1845 (Hooker Colobanthus diffususHook.f. (Staunton s.n. [BM 000513207]) 1845: 249) based on two gatherings, one collected by Sir shows floral characters corresponding to the genus Sagina, George L. Staunton and the second by Lieut. Alexander J. and thus the taxonomic transfer is necessary. Smith, both from the island currently named Île St Paul (and both specimens erroneously labeled as coming from Île Am- sterdam). Years later, Reichardt (1871) proposed another spe- THE GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: ÎLE SAINT PAUL cies, Sagina hochstetteri, based upon on two other specimens: a AND ÎLE AMSTERDAM duplicate of Staunton’s gathering and one collected by Ferdi- nand von Hochstetter, geologist and member of the Austrian Île Saint Paul (38°43’S, 77°31’E) and Île Amsterdam (37°50’S, Novara expedition. At this point, there were four specimens 77°30’E) are, along with Îles Kerguelen and Îles Crozet, part of involved, all from Île St. Paul. Yet, of all these, only one of the French Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF). Staunton’s duplicates, currently held at the Natural History They are both among some of the most isolated islands in the Museum
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