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Baseline Survey Report Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) for Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (Pocra) in Rest of Project Area, Maharashtra

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Baseline Survey Report Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) for Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (Pocra) in Rest of Project Area, Maharashtra Baseline Survey Report Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) for Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (PoCRA) in Rest of Project Area, Maharashtra Nanaji Deshmukh Krushi Sanjeevani Prakalp (Project of Government of Maharashtra in Partnership with the World Bank) PREPARED BY NABARD Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd. Baseline Report for M&E in Rest of Project Area Baseline Survey Report Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) for Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (PoCRA) in Rest of Project Area, Maharashtra Nanaji Deshmukh Krushi Sanjeevani Prakalp (Project of Government of Maharashtra in Partnership with the World Bank) PREPARED BY NABARD Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd. Baseline Report for M&E in Rest of Project Area Acknowledgement NABCONS is grateful to the Project Management Unit (PMU), Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (PoCRA) for assigning the project on “Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) for Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (PoCRA) in the Rest of the Project Area”. We would like to thank the Project Director and all the subject matter specialists from PMU for providing their guidance and continuous support to the study team. The support from PMU officials and district level PoCRA officials was of immense help in successfully completing the baseline survey. We would also like to acknowledge the support received from the ground level PoCRA team comprising Agriculture Assistant, Cluster Assistant, FFs Coordinator, TAO, Gram Panchayat. We would also like to thank all the respondents and their families for taking out their busy time during the peak agriculture season and patiently responding to the questions. Further, we would also like to thank the respondents from group members from SHGs, FPCs/FPOs in study villages for providing necessary support to the team during the study and patiently responding during the FGDs. i Baseline Report for M&E in Rest of Project Area CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................15 1.1. Climate Change Context .............................................................................................15 1.2. Maharashtra & Project Area Context ...........................................................................15 1.3. PoCRA Project & Its Significance ................................................................................17 1.4. Project Objective .........................................................................................................18 1.5. Project Components ....................................................................................................19 1.6. Monitoring & Evaluation ...............................................................................................19 2. Area Profile .......................................................................................................................22 2.1. Geographical distribution .............................................................................................22 2.2. Topography .................................................................................................................22 2.3. Demography ................................................................................................................25 3. Approach & Methodology for Baseline Survey ..............................................................30 3.1. Sampling Procedure Recommended in the ToR ..........................................................30 3.2. Baseline Survey Sample Selection ..............................................................................30 3.3. Study Tools .................................................................................................................32 3.4. Data Collection Methodology .......................................................................................33 3.5. Baseline Survey Sample Coverage .............................................................................33 4. Baseline Survey Data Analysis .......................................................................................36 4.1. Household Profile of the Respondents ........................................................................36 4.2. Access to Basic Amenities ..........................................................................................42 4.3. Land Holding and Land Use Pattern ............................................................................45 4.4. Cropping Pattern .........................................................................................................47 4.5. Water Resources .........................................................................................................58 4.6. Access to Agriculture Technology/Services .................................................................62 4.7. Allied Sectors ..............................................................................................................68 4.8. Access to Market .........................................................................................................70 4.9. Major Issues Reported in Agriculture ...........................................................................73 ii Baseline Report for M&E in Rest of Project Area 4.10. Field observations from Experts on Major Challenges in Agriculture ...........................81 4.11. Institutional Access & Support .....................................................................................83 4.12. Awareness on Environmental Safety ...........................................................................90 4.13. Gender Related Aspects .............................................................................................93 5. Analysis of Saline Affected Area ....................................................................................95 5.1. Concept of Saline Soil .................................................................................................95 5.2. Characteristic features of saline soils in the Project area (Purna valley) ......................95 5.3. Analysis of Sampled Kharpan Villages ........................................................................96 5.4. Visit of Experts to Salinity affected Villages ............................................................... 102 5.5. Crops grown in Kharpan and effect on plant growth .................................................. 103 5.6. Water resources in Kharpan area .............................................................................. 105 5.7. Recommendations for Soil Health Improvement ........................................................ 106 6. Climate Change and Impact on Agriculture ................................................................. 107 6.1. Current Climatic Conditions ....................................................................................... 107 6.2. Climate Change Projections ...................................................................................... 108 6.3. Vulnerability Index and Ranking ................................................................................ 109 6.4. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture .................................................. 111 6.5. Findings from Baseline Survey: Impacts of Climate Change ..................................... 112 7. District wise SWOC Analysis ........................................................................................ 116 7.1. Summary ................................................................................................................... 116 7.2. Agriculture & Allied Activities ..................................................................................... 120 7.3. Water Resources ....................................................................................................... 125 7.4. Soil Related Aspects ................................................................................................. 127 7.5. Access to Market ....................................................................................................... 130 7.6. Institutional Access .................................................................................................... 135 7.7. Climate Related Awareness ...................................................................................... 136 8. Analysis of Existing FPOs/Farmers’ Groups/FIGs/FPCs............................................. 139 8.1. Role of FPO in Development ..................................................................................... 139 iii Baseline Report for M&E in Rest of Project Area 8.2. Functioning & Governance of FPOs/Farmers’ Interest Group/Farmers Groups ......... 140 8.3. Business Activities taken up ...................................................................................... 140 8.4. Grading of FPOs/Farmers’ Interest Group/Farmers Groups ...................................... 141 8.5. Case Study on FPC ................................................................................................... 145 9. Key Recommendations from Experts’ Field Visit ........................................................ 147 10. Calculation of Results Framework (RFID) Indicators .................................................. 150 10.1. Improved Water Productivity ....................................................................................
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