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Geologic Construction-Material Resources in Sheridan County, Kansas

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Geologic Construction-Material Resources in Sheridan County, Kansas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 118 August 1951 GEOLOGIC CONSTRUCTION-MATERIAL RESOURCES IN SHERIDAN COUNTY, KANSAS By Henry V. Beck and Robert K. McCormack PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION OF KANSAS R. C. Keeling, State Highway Engineer S. E. Horner, Chief Geologist R. D. Finney, Engineer of Materials Prepared as part of a Program of the Department of the Interior for Development of the Missouri River Basin UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Washington, D. C. Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Page -11 Introduction .............. 1 Alluvium ........ Purpose of the investigation ..... Road rneta 1 ......... 11 1 Engineering and geologic Geography ............. 1 Area covered by the characteristics .... 11 investigation. ........ Aggregate for concrete . 11 1 Crushed rock ...... Topography .......... 1 11 Drainage ........... Stratigraphic sources and 1 performance characteristics. Climate ............ 1 11 Transportation routes ..... r? Sources of aggregate Investigation procedure ....... for concrete ...... 11 3 Crushed rock ...... Acknowledgments ......... 3 11 Characteristics of the outcropping Smoky Hill chalk Stratigraphic units .......... member of the Introduction ............ Niobrara formation. 11 Niobrara formation of the Mortar bed of the Smoky Hill chalk member ..... Ogallala formation . 12 Areal distribution ....... Mineral filler .......... in General description . ..... Engineering and geologic Representative measured characteristics ...... 12 section ........... Stratigraphic sources and Thickness ........... performance characteristics. 12 Construction material ..... Sanborn formation .... I15 Ogallala formation ......... Terrace deposits. If. Areal distribution ....... Volcanic ash .......... ir General description ...... Engineering and geologic Representative measured characteristics ...... section ........... Stratigraphic sources and Thickness ........... performance char­ Construction materials ..... acteristics ........ 1? Sanborn formation ......... Ogallala formation .... 12 Areal distribution ....... Sanborn formation .... 12 General description ...... Riprap ............. Representative measured Engineering and geologic sections........... characteristics ...... Thickness ........... Stratigraphic sources and Construction materials ..... performance Terrace deposits .......... characteristics ...... Areal distribution ....... Smoky Hill chalk member General description ...... of the Niobrara Representative measured formation ....... I"-1 sections ........... Ogallala formation .... 12 Thickness ........... 10 Structural stone .... f. .... 12 Construction materials ..... 10 Engineering and geologic Alluvium ............. 10 characteristics ...... 12 Areal distribution ....... 10 Stratigraphic sources and per­ General description ...... 10 formance characteristics . Representative measured Smoky Hill chalk member section ........... 10 of the Niobrara formation Thickness ........... 10 Ogallala formation .... 1? Construction materials ..... 10 Calcareous binder ........ 13 Inventory of construction materials . 10 Engineering and g'eologic General .............. 10 characteristics ...... 13 Aggregate for concrete ...... i 10 Stratigraphic sources and Engineering and geologic performance character­ characteristics ....... 10 istics ........... 13 Stratigraphic sources and per­ Smoky Hill chalk formance characteristics . 11 member of the Ogallala formation ..... 11 Niobrara formation. 13 Sanborn formation ..... 11 Ogallala formation .... 13 Terrace 'deposits ...... 11 References cited ........... 13 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 1. Map showing construction materials and geology of Sheridan County, Kans. ... In pocket Figure 1. Index map of Kansas showing areas covered by this report and by other construction materials investigations ................... £ 2. Chart showing temperature ranges at Hoxie, Kans. .............. 2 3. Chart showing precipitation ranges at Hoxie, Kans. .............. > 4. Outcropping stratigraphic units in Sheridan County, Kans. , and their construction materials ....................... 4 5. Geologic cross section of the valley of South Fork Solomon River ....... 5 TABLE Table 1. Summary of materials tests .................... .... In pocket ii GEOLOGIC CONSTRUCHON-MATERIAL RESOURCES IN SHERIDAN COUNTY, KANSAS % Henry V. Beck and Robert K. McCormack INTRODUCTION Purpose of the Investigation The State Highway Commission of Kansas and Drainage. --The principal streams in Sheridan the United States Geological Survey are cooper­ County are the South Fork and North Fork ating in the compilation of a State-wide con­ Solomon River, and the Saline River. The north­ struction materials inventory. A field party ward-flowing tributaries of these streams are composed of personnel from the two cooperatin'g from 2 to 6 miles long and average 3 miles in agencies was sent into Sheridan County, Kans. , length. The southward-flowing tributaries are in the summer of 1949 to investigate sources of not as numerous, but average 5 miles in length. engineering construction materials. This report of the Sheridan County investigation is a part of Minor streams are Sand Creek in the west- the general inventory, and a contribution to the central part of the county, Bow Creek in the geologic mapping and mineral resource investi­ northern part, and Prairie Dog Creek near the gation being made in connection with studies of northwestern corner. the Missouri River Basin (Cong. doc. , 1944). Climate- --Sheridan County is in an area of The primary objective of the investigation was continental-type climate in which the summers to accumulate all field and laboratory data per­ are relatively long and hot, and the winters taining to the geologic materials in Sheridan short and fairly cold. The mean annual temper­ County that would be useful in the construction ature is 53 F; the mean temperature ranges from of dams, highways, railways, airports, and a low of 29 F in January to a high of 79 F in July. other engineering structures. Additional geo­ There are 55 cloudy days a year, 110 partly logic data are included in this report, but only to cloudy days, and 200 clear days. The ground is the extent of providing information useful in the snow-covered 30 days of the year. The normal development of the prospects reported in the in­ annual precipitation is 19. 35 in. The average ventory, or for the location of other materials date of the first killing frost in the fall is October required for future engineering needs. 11, and that of the last killing frost in the spring is May 1 (Flora, 1948). Geography Figure 2, a chart showing temperature ranges Area covered by the investigation. --Sheridan at Hoxie, Kans. , was compiled from Climatolog- County is in the second tier of Kansas counties ical data (U. S. Dept. Commerce, 1937-46), to south of the Nebraska border and in the third provide basic data on temperature in relation to tier east of the Colorado border. (See fig. 1. ) engineering construction. The chart indicates, It comprises 25 townships and covers an area of for the 10-year period, the number of days each about 900 square miles. The county is bounded month in which the maximum daily temperature on the north by Decatur County, on the east by fell within certain designated ranges arbitrarily Graham County, on the south by Gove County, based on temperatures important in various and on the west by Thomas County. phases of engineering construction. Topography. --Sheridan County is near the Days in which the maximum temperature does center of the Great Plains physiographic prov­ not exceed 32 F occur only from November to ince, and near the western boundary of the March, inclusive, ,with the maximum incidence Plain* Border subdivision of that province. of 5. 9 days in January. July is the warmest Eastward-flowing streams have dissected the month of the year, with an average of 22. 8 days eastern part of the county more than they have having maximum temperatures above 90 F. The the western half. The interstream areas are chart also shows the average difference between generally flat and wide. Dissection is most con­ the daily maximum and mimimum temperatures spicuous in the area between the South Fork for each month. The greatest difference in daily Solomon River and the'Saline River. temperatures, 26 F, is in October; and the least difference, 20 F, is in January. The average altitude of the county is 2500 ft. The lowest point, 2250 ft, is on the South Fork Inasmuch as precipitation also conditions the Solomon River at the eastern boundary of the number of working days in engineering con­ county, and the highest point, 2900 ft. is near struction, figure 3, a chart showing precipita­ the western border of the county in the vicinity tion ranges at Hoxie, Kans. , is presented to of Menlo. show the effect of this climate factor. The ranges in precipitation were selected arbitrarily. 1 Report in Report preporation published Figure I. Index map of Kansas showing areas covered by this report and by other construction materials investigations No of days Jan. Feb. Mar Apr. May June | July Aug. S«pt Oct. Nov. Dec. 29°F 29°F 30°F 3C?F 29°F 32°F 29°Fl26°F EXPLANATION EXPLANATION I Doys in which precipitotion Doys in which maximum temperature was more than 90° F Data for both charts I (no concrete construction) I was mar* than I inch compiled from (no construction activity) |Days in which maximum
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