CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS in DECATUR COUNTY, KANSAS by Frank E
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 40 August 1950 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN DECATUR COUNTY, KANSAS By Frank E. Byrne, Henry V. Beck, Charles H. Bearman, and Claude W. Matthews PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION OF KANSAS R. C. Keeling, State Highway Engineer S. E. Horner, Chief Geologist R. D. Finney, Engineer of Materials Prepared as Part of a Program of the Department of the Interior for Development of the Missouri River Basin UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director WASHINGTON, D. C. Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. INSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN DECATUR COUNTY, KANSAS Frank E. Byrne, Henry V. Beck, Charles H. Bearman, and Claude W. Matthews CONTENTS Page Inventory of construction materials Page Continued. Introduction................................ 1 Ogallala formation......... 8 Purpose of the investigation............... 1 Sanborn formation......... 9 Area covered by the investigation.......... 1 Terrace deposits.......... 9 Geography of the area.................... 1 Alluvium................. 9 Investigation procedure................... 1 Road metal....................... Acknowledgments........................ 3 Engineering and geologic Characteristics of the outcropping characteristics.............. stratigraphic units........................ 3 Aggregate for concrete. General................................. 3 Crushed rock*............. Smoky Hill chalk member of the Limestone............ Niobrara formation. ...........*......... 3 Silicified chalk........ Areal distribution................ 3 Mortar bed........... General description.............. 3 Stratigraphic sources and Thickness....................... 3 performance characteristics. 10 Construction materials........... 3 Aggregate for concrete. 10 Pierre shale............................. 4 Crushed rock............. 10 Areal distribution................ 4 Smoky Hill chalk General description.............. 4 member of the Thickness....................... 4 Niobrara formation. 10 Construction materials........... 4 Ogallala formation.... 10 Ogallala formation....................... 4 Mineral filler..................... 10 Areal distribution................ 4 Engineering and geologic General description.............. 4 characteristics.............. 10 Representative measured Stratigraphic sources and section....................... 6 performance characteristics; 10 Thickness....................... 6 Sanborn formation......... 10 Construction materials..:...;.... 6 Terrace deposits.......... 10 Sariborn formation........................ 6 Volcanic ash...................... 10 Areal distribution................ 6 Engineering and geologic General description............... 6 characteristics............. 10 Representative measured Stratigraphic sources and section.................... i.. 7 performance characteristics. 10 Thickness....................... -7 Riprap........................... 11 Construction materials........... 7 Engineering and geologic Terrace deposits......................... 7 characteristics............. 11 Areal distribution................ 7 Stratigraphic sources and General description.............. 7 performance characteristics. 11 Representative measured Smoky Hill chalk section........................ 7 member of the Niobrara Thickness.............. '. ........ 7 formation............... 11 Construction materials......'..... 7 Ogallala formation.......... 11 Alluvium................................ 7 Structural stone................... 11 Areal distribution................ 7 Engineering and geologic General description.............. 8 characteristics............... 11 Thickness....................... 8 Stratigraphic sources Construction materials........... 8 and performance Inventory of Construction materials........... 8 characteristics.............. 11 General................................. 8 Calcareous binder................. 11 Aggregate for concrete................... 8 Engineering and geologic Engineering and geologic characteristics.............. 11 characteristics.............. *..... 8 Stratigraphic sources Stratigraphic sources and and performance performance characteristics........ 8 characteristics............. 11 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 1. Map showing construction materials and geology of Decatur County, Kansas................. In pocket Figure 1. Index map of Kansas showing areas covered by this report and by other construction materials investigations................................................................. 2 2. Outcropping stratigraphic units in Decatur County, Kansas, and their construction materials.............................................................................. 2 3. Geologic cross section through the North and South Fork Valleys of Sappa Creek................ 5 TABLE Table 1. Summary of materials tests.................................................. faces page 8 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION South Forks of Sappa Creek rise in Sherman County about 60 miles to the southwest. They join at a point The State Highway Commission of Kansas and several miles southwe'st of the city of Oberlin, and the United States Geological Survey are cooperating Sappa Creek leaves the county near the northeastern in the compilation of a State-wide inventory of con corner. Beaver Creek rises in eastern Colorado and struction materials. A field party composed of flows toward the northeast, cutting across the north personnel from the two agencies investigated sources western part of Decatur County. Prairie Dog Creek of engineering construction materials in Decatur rises about 45 miles to the southwest in Thomas County County in the summer of 1947. This report of the and flows toward the northeast across the southern Decatur County investigation is a part of the State part of Decatur County. The two forks of Prairie Dog wide materials inventory and a contribution to the Creek join at a point about 5 miles west of the city of geologic mapping and investigation of mineral re Dresden. The only other major stream in the county sources being made in the'Missouri River Basin. I/ is the North Fork Solomon River. It rises in Thomas County' and flows across the extreme southeastern part The primary objective of the investigation was of Decatur County. The tributaries to the major the accumulation of all field and laboratory data per streams are relatively short and flow only intermit taining to the geologic materials in Decatur County tently. They enter the major streams at nearly right that would be of use in the construction of dams, angles. irrigation canals, highways, airports, or other engineering structures. Additional geologic data are Three railways serve Decatur County. Oberlin, included in this report but only to the extent of pro the county seat and principal city, is the terminus of viding information useful in the development of the a branch line of the Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy construction materials prospects reported in the in Railroad. This railroad crosses the central "part of ventory or for the location of other prospects to meet the county, and Kanona and Norcatur are located along future engineering needs. it. One of the main lines of the Chicago, Rock Island, & Pacific Railroad cuts across the southeastern corner AREA COVERED BY THE INVESTIGATION of the county and serves the cities of Leoville, Dresden, and Jennings. A second branch line of the Chicago, Decatur County is in the first tier of Kansas Burlington, & Quincy Railroad crosses the northwest counties south of the Nebraska border and in the third ern part of the county, and serves the cities of Traer tier east of Colorado (fig. 1). It comprises 25 town and Cedar Bluffs. ships and covers an area of about 900 square miles. The county is bounded by parallels 39°34' and 40°00' U. S. 36, a major east-west transcontinental north latitude and meridians 100°II 1 and 100°44i' highway, extends to the east 2 miles north of the west longitude. It is bounded on the north by Furnas center of the county. U. S. 183, an important north- and Red Willow Counties, Nebraska, and by the south highway, extends to the south across the county, following Kansas counties; Norton on the east, 4 miles west of the center. The two highways cross Sheridan and Thomas on the south, and Rawlins on at Oberlin. U. S. 383 parallels the Chicago, Rock the west. Island & Pacific Railroad across the southeastern corner of the county. Kansas Highway 9 starts at GEOGRAPHY OF THE AREA Dresden and trends eastward across the county. Kansas Highway 23 starts at Dresden and trends south Decatur County is in the High Plains section of ward to the county line. There is a well-developed the Great Plains physiographic province. 2/ The system of county and township roads. These roads divides are flat-topped or gently rolling. They are follow section lines for the most part. Some are cut by the shallow but fairly steepsided valleys of the metaled, while others are maintained by grading only. major streams, which drain toward the east and north east, and by the shallow valleys of the tributaries to INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE these streams. The area of principal relief is along Sappa Creek. The stream valley is cut 100 to 150 This report is based on reconnaissance-type feet below the upland surface, as are the lower por field work. The base map (Highway Planning Map, tions of the tributary valleys. The topography of the scale 1 inch equals 1 mile) was provided by the