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Tarikh-L-GUJRAT TARiKH-l-GUJRAT By ABU TURAB VALI ENGLISH TRANSLATION By DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Mr. IQTIDAR ALAM KHAN CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH 1980 HMH 4--^ ,\3^ %^^ !-iit '::\^'^^^^^~f\ .\<>. 'jfUs •'*' U^^,,v£« DS242 CHECI:ED-2002 «] CONT CNT S PRcrcc IMTROOUCTION l-^W TRMNSL^rXON 1-149 LIST or AB8REVIDIOMS BISI.IQQRAPHY Pgdfacc The tranaX^iofi of Tarikfwi Cujrat was done from the text edited by Sir CNifiiaon Ross* This edition uas prepared from a transcript of the unique n« S» in the Britieh nuaeum* The absence of other manuscripts croaftes probiens* for the British nuseun n*S, ia faulty as pointed out by Oenison f^oss. The edited t«ct ia also not uitNsut nietakes* These mistakes could either be nisrsadings or due to the faults in the Pl«S« it is difficult to say as no niorofilB of the n*^* is available. In the introduction aone of the problems arising out of these miatakea have been mentioned* Throughout the tranelation the uord 'raqir* haa been used aa in the text for the author wherover he has mentioned himaelf* Though it has been tried that the tranalation should be aa oloae to the original it nigM not have been always so* Sometimes only the giat of the aentenoes t%m/B been t ran elated and the ornament at iona cut out* The veraea have been translated without any attempt at ahy^Sifig^A I am highly indebted to nr Ic^idar Alam Khan without whose guidance thia work tiwuld not hwe been completed* I am also grateful to Plr I*A* lilli for hie halp with Arabic phraaes. I would like to thank the ataff of the Reeoarch Library for their help and aleo Pirs Huma Khan for going throt^h the typeacript uitn me* IKTROOUCTION The Persian chronicie Taplkh-i GuJgat or Tariktv.1 SuUan ^ahadur shah CuJrati. aa designated on the first page of the manuscript ' uas written by shah Abu Turab Vaii during Akbar»8 reign* It deals uith one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the Sultanate of Gujrat, from the accession of Bahadur Shah to the conquest of Gujrat by Akbap, Abu Turab yali uas a highly respected man in Gujrat and a sayid held in great esteeia. He played an inportant role in tr% events of the time as reported in his uork and which is borne out by a number of contenporary histories. The respect uith which Abu Turab uali was held is apparent from what Abul fazl has to say about him* rte speaks of him as one of the great counsellors of Gujrat.* Haji Oabbir in his Arabic History of Gujarat describes Abu Turab 1» Rieu, Charles - CataloQue of Persian WSS in the British Wuseum, Vol. III» pp. 967.68. Catalogue NO Or. 1618, The work is designated on the first page as Tarikh»i Sultan Bahadur Shah Gujrat (GuJarati?) and on the fly leaf as TariUh-i Gujrat. The text of this work edited by Denison Ross was published in 1909. An Urdu translation of this work was published by shabih Ahmad from Allahabad some time before 1945. (The date of the publication of the translation is nowhere indicated, but the copy of the book belonging to Prof. Irfan Habib*8 personal collection carries a notiny dated 6 April 1945). 2» A.M.. vol. in, p. 7. • • • ii (ii) wall as the 'Piaulana of Xofty thrsshoid. »^ Rlrat^i Ahwadl speaks of bin 'as the essence of the family of ctoict and purity*,^ Uhile Badayunl calls him one of the greatest sayids Of Shiraz and the counsellor of the Sultans of Gujrat. Abu Turab wall's family hailed from Shi raj and belonged to the group knoyn as ^ada<at»i salawj. They were the followers of the Waphrabja order whose leader waa Sheikh Ahmad Khattu* Abu Turab's fatter Sheikh Qutubuddin shukrullah 5 was an important man in Gujrat* His grand-fat her flir Chiasuddin popularly known as shah'nir uM a renoi.^ed scholar* nir Chiasuddin first came to Cujrat from Iran during the reign of Sultan Ahmad but went back after a short while* Later» when disturbances broke out in Iran during the reign of Ismail safaui he £^ain came to Cujrat in B98 A» H* (1492) where Pluhammad Bigar^ 1. A* H* * (Trans. Lokhandwala) vol. I, p. 499. 2* £kit-t VoJ^« It P« 138. 3« rWTff,. yol. II, p. 258. 4. f1.Uy. Vol. Ill, pp. 280-1. According to pta'aeir they were known as $ada«at-i sal ami because one of their ancestors was supposed to hav/e heard the r^ly to his salaam from the tomb of the Prophet, There is a note on sheikh Ahmad Khattu in Bayley's History of Guira^. p. 90. 5. (na'aair reads Inayatuddin, f1.U.. Vol. III. p. 281. ...iii (Hi) was ruling* He settled in Champanlr uith his sons* nir Kamaluddin and nit Quiubuddin, Both Abul pazl and the author of Wa'aair^ul uaara say that Mhu Turab uaa the son of Plir Kawal. uddin but Abu Turab himself says that Shah uutubuddin Shukrullah was his father and Shah Kanaluddin Tatehullah his 2 uncl@* Further on the first page of the manyscrlpt of Tarikh»i CuJrat the autlwr is designated as the son of Shah 3 Qutubuddin s^Hjkrullah. ^u Turab*8 father and uncle were held in high regard by both Sultan Bahadur and Humayun* They took an li^ortant part in the negotiations between Humayun and Bahadur Shah when the latter was beseiged by Huaiayun in tl^ fort of nandu»* Hardly any infornatlon is available regarding Abu Turab vali*8 early life* It is not known yfmn and where was he born. The earliest reference to Mbu Turab Vali is found in the Arabic History of Guirat* m is mentioned as one of the leading nen of the city of nahmudabad and wi^ negotiated for pe^ejRbetween Chengiz Khan and I*tnad Khan durir^ the ciwll war 1. A,Nf. Uol. Ill, p. 218; PUU*« Vol. in, p* 281. 2. Text. pp. 16-17. 3. Rieu, Charles - Catajooueof oeysian RSS in the British Ruseua. Vol. 1II» pp. 967.B. 4. Text. p. 17. • ••iv (iv) in Gu/rat in 1566, hte is mentioned again in the aame year when he uaa sent by Chengix Khan to negotiate with uiugh Khan. The next reference to him is in 1572 when he was sent by Ptroad Khan to the fH^hale*^ The first time that Mbu Turab vali has men­ tioned himself in his wor(( is when after Humayun*8 death all the leading nobles of Gujrat had gathered at the 3ama Rasjid of Ahmadabad to pray for the soul of the deceased and the author hare mads a prophetic statement about the future glory of 2 Akbar* Then after a gap of sixteen years he has again brought himself in the picture ui^n in 1572 he claims to have persuaded 3 It mad Khan to write to Akbar Akbay Naraa. Tabqat-i Akbarit Wirat^i ^kandari and fia^asir-ul limara all mention Abu Turab for the first time when he came to pay allegiance to Akbar uhen the latter marched into GuJrat for the first time in 1572. According to Akbar warna. at 3utana shah pakhruddin and Hakim Ain-ul Hulk broughfc to court nir Abu Turab who was the greatest amongst the counsellors of Gujrat* 4bu Turab also stood surety for I*tmad Khan who at that time was the most powerful noble in Gujrat* Abu Turab played an important role in the negotl£]tions between I*tmad Khan and Akbar* when Ikhtiyar-ul 1« isJk» ^°^* J» PP* ^°7, 443, 504. 2. Text, p. 51, 3. Text, p, 54, 4. A,w.« l/ol. III, p, 7. .u («) nuXk, one of the leading no tales of Gujrat fled from Ahmadabad, IHmad Khan and sone others uho had Joined Akbar^s service decided to follow suit^ Abu Turab restrained them at the risk of hie life and for this loyalty received favours fxtjin Akbcsr* It appears that Akbay had great trust and faith in Mbu Turab for he employed him to report secretly on the proceedings of M nirza Aziz when he was the governor of Cujrat, This must ha/e happ^ed sometine in 983 A» H* (1576-77) Just before nirza Aziz*e house arrest because Abu Turab says that Muhammad Rafi iiurchi brought an order of summons for nirza Aziz from Akbar ano a secret farman for Abu Turab in which he was asked to report on Plirza Aziz* yhen nirza Aziz arrived at the court ha found the ED^eror displeased with him. Soon after Abu Turab talks about nirza Aziz being in his gardent which means his house arrest* m 1577 Abu Turab was appointed ^^r-i Ha J and sent to necca, i*tfflad Khan also accompanied him* He returned in 1579 (A.H. 987) Hirat-i Ahwad^ has wrongly given A. H* 988^ He broug^A with him a stone bearing the fosfc impression of the Prophet (Qadam^i RasuD* Tf^ chronogram Khair-ul Aodam gives the date of the arrival* Akbar received the foot impression uith a great show of veneration* He asked Abu Turab to halt at a distance of four karohe from the capital and went out himself uith the nobles to receive it. The Qtap&voT curried the stone 1* ^pN*. uoi* in, p. 10} tn»u*t yoi* iii, p.
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