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The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016

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The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016 ODUMUNC 2018 Issue Brief The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016 Christopher Steadman Old Dominion University Model United Nations Society Photo: Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan chairs a meeting of the Turkish Cabinet or Council of Ministers (in Turkish, Bakanlar Kurulu) in 2015. This committee meets with Turkey at a crossroads unlike any it has seen since the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and creation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The omens for national emergence are hot and cold. The economy is growing at a faster rate than any time in its modern history, rapidly propelling Turkey to the highest leagues of regional power and unprecedented global influence. But the stability of that state and the legitimacy of its government is challenged by seemingly endless war, destruction and millions of refugees The simulation begins on 1 July 2016, and is living in Turkey from neighboring Syria. A tasked with responding in character to the above second military and terrorist threat comes from threats and many more posed against President Kurdish separatists. In the national capital of Recep Erdoğan’s Turkey. The following brief Ankara, a dangerous split has emerged between the country’s President and his former closest https://www.salon.com/2010/06/14/turkey_rising_s ally. Across the country, liberal democratic uperpower/ ; Rahim Kanani, ‘The Rise Of Turkey: The standards are threatened by an increasingly Twenty-First Century's First Muslim Power’, Forbes, 1 autocratic government. 5 March 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/rahimkanani/2014/0 1 John Feffer, ‘Forget China; Turkey is the next 3/05/the-rise-of-turkey-the-twenty-first-centurys- superpower: The nation has a booming economy, a first-muslim-power/#7d00a4dc6507 powerful military, and increasing clout in the Middle East’, Salon, 14 June 2010, The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016 will discuss a basic overview of the ruling party and its opposition, important current threats against the government (both internal and external), and a dossier with each of the participating characters and important information associated with each one. In 2016, Turkey is poised to emerge as a great power, potentially recovering a regional and global role it has not had since the Nineteenth Century. The economy is fastest growing in Europe or the Middle East Much of the widespread public Domestic Politics: support for President Erdoğan and his AK Party (AKP) is due to unprecedented increases in Justice and Development Party: living standards, as well as his extremely popular support for giving religion greater The Justice and Development Party (AK Party, prominence in public life. Reflecting city/rural Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) was founded in divisions in other countries, the AKP is 2001 by Recep Erdoğan and a small group of especially popular in Turkey’s poor and insiders, and has since won every legislative conservative countryside. But his policies have general election consecutively since 2002 brought Turkey into confrontation with its allies (legislative majority was briefly lost following in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization the June 2015 general election, but was (NATO) and the European Union (EU), where reestablished a few months later in a snap election) and currently holds 352 seats (of a total Turkey’s candidacy for membership has 3 slowed.2 550) in the Grand National Assembly. The rise of the AKP also has brought enormous The party is founded upon the principles of tensions within Turkey, where liberal secularists, conservatism and moderate Islam, placing the especially in education, the media and military party at odds with the tradition of secularism are alarmed by the changes in their country. established by the founder of the modern How these tensions will play out is the problem Turkish state, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. facing the Turkish cabinet and this simulation. Following the party’s successful first election in 2002 Erdoğan became Prime Minister, and held the post until 2014 (following his election to the reformed presidency). The AK Party through a series of referendums in 2007 and 2010 altered 2 Bilge Yabancı , ‘Turkey: relations: between mutual the governmental system of Turkey to reflect the distrust and interdependency’, Feuture, 23 party’s support for strong centralized national November 2016, http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/feuture_3.pdf ; ‘Erdogan suggests referendum to ask Turks if they 3 Kursat Akyol, ‘15 years of Turkey's AKP: Is it a still want to join EU’, Euractive, 23 June 2016, success story?’, AL Monitor, 31 August 2016, https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/ne https://www.al- ws/erdogan-suggests-referendum-to-ask-turks-if- monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/turkey- they-still-want-to-join-eu/ economy-heading-to-turbulent-times.html 2 The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016 leadership through a presidential system. With Turkey in 2013, and since then their handling of these reforms, the presidency is much more websites such as Twitter or YouTube has been powerful than before, and there are fewer incredibly strict, while use of police force has restrictions on legislative actions, as well as become typical. The AK Party maintains a fewer local legislators. policy of integration and ascension to the European Union (EU), but as a result of the past Following the sweeping reforms, Erdoğan was few years of turmoil and international elected president in 2014 and transitioned from condemnation for several government decisions ruling as the Prime Minister to President. The or actions, this process has slowed down AK Party has been accused of authoritarianism significantly. as a result of their responses to protests in AK Party’s majority in the Grand Assembly for a few months in 2015. Republican People’s Party: The CHP’s traditional power centers are along The opposition Republican People’s Party the Aegean coast and within large cities, and (CHP) was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, turnout numbers for these areas is on the uptick. and is the main opposition party in Turkey. The With the increasingly non-secular policies and CHP is founded on the principles of Mustafa positions coming from the ruling AK Party, Kemal Atatürk, secularism and social many Kemalists have moved their loyalty to the democracy, and is a member of the Socialist CHP who remain dedicated to Kemal’s founding International. The party holds 149 seats in the principles. Grand National Assembly, making them the second largest party by a large margin. The CHP has made significant legislative gains under the leadership of Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, breaking the 3 The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016 Conquest; a Sunni Islamist militant command center comprised about a dozen militant groups, including the powerful (and internationally condemned) Al-Nusra Front. This command center is also supported by Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Direct conflict with Syrian government forces has happened along the border, and a series of border incidents have seriously strained inter- government relations. The spillover from the war and related issues has permeated into other issues within Turkey, including Islamic State terror attacks and reignited conflict with the Threats Kurdish PKK. Currently President Erdoğan is weighing the potential of deploying the Turkish The Syrian Conflict armed forces to combat Islamic State within Syria as a part of an ever growing international Turkey has been involved in the Syrian Civil coalition. War since its beginning. In 2016 Turkish soldiers have entered Syrian territory to limit the The Gülen Movement gains of Kurdish groups and slow the flow of refugees. Over 3 million Syrian refuges from the Fethullah Gülen is the main preacher for this war have entered Turkey and roughly 2 million Safi-Islamic religious and social movement remain there. The rest have moved on to Europe. which now bears his name. Openly antagonistic against the Kemalist secular basis of Turkey’s Assad’s original crackdown on protests was constitutional government, Gülen has lived in condemned by Erdoğan, setting the tone for the 4 the United States since the late 1990s to oversee rest of the conflict. In 2011 at the onset of the his movement’s growing number of private war, large groups of civil servants and military schools and universities, media investments, and forces defected from the regime and fled to various other money making enterprises. Turkey, where they organized and trained with President Erogan and his AKP increasingly the help of the Turkish armed forces to become describe the movement as the leading challenge the Free Syrian Army (FSA). to their authority, responsible for cultivation of a deep state’, or secret government including While the FSA’s power fluctuated between public officials in education, the civil service, formation in late 2011 and the committee’s start the judiciary and the military, all loyal to the date in 2016, it remains a powerful player in the Gülenist cause.5 civil war with its forces numbers hovering around 30,000. The FSA maintains bases of The Gülen Movement typically keeps its operation in Turkey, and is commanded by distance from religious political parties within Albay Ahmed Berri. The second group Turkey, but after the founding of the AK Party supported by Turkey in the war is the Army of in 2002 the movement and the party forged an 4 ‘Syria crisis: Where key countries stand’, BBC News, 5 ‘Gülen movement’, Wikipedia, 30 October 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movem middle-east-23849587 ent 4 The Cabinet of Turkish President Erdoğan 1 July 2016 alliance in the interest of mitigating the power of many party leaders and cabinet members, the military and the country’s traditional Erdoğan blamed the investigation on the secularists. Over the next few years the movement and its influence in the judiciary and partnership between the movement and the party the police system.
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