Dusky Arion Arion Subfuscus ILLINOIS RANGE

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dusky arion Arion subfuscus Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Mollusca This slug may reach a maximum length of about Class: Gastropoda three inches. Slugs have a complex system of Order: organs. The mouth contains a radula, a flexible, ribbonlike structure lined with rows of teeth, used Family: Arionidae to scrape food. On the head are tentacles. Most ILLINOIS STATUS slugs in Illinois have an eye at the tip of each upper tentacle. Slugs have either a much-reduced shell, common, nonnative located under the mantle on the dorsal side, or no shell. BEHAVIORS Slugs need to seek sheltered places to live, eat and rest. They prefer to live in moist areas and are commonly found under logs, loose bark or coarse woody debris, and in leaf litter on the forest floor. Most slugs are hermaphrodites, possessing both male and female sex organs and gametes. When slugs mate, fertilization often occurs in both individuals, and both lay a clutch of eggs. Slugs lay their eggs in spring and fall. Eggs are deposited in a cool, damp place, often just under the soil’s surface. The adult slug provides no care for the eggs. Hatching takes place in about seven to 10 days. The young slugs emerge and begin to search for food immediately. A slug’s skin contains glands that produce mucus. The mucus prevents the slug ILLINOIS RANGE from drying out and also helps it move. During very hot, dry weather and during very cold periods, slugs may become inactive. Slugs eat live and decaying vegetation. This slug is introduced from Europe. It generally lives around human habitations and can be a garden pest. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © Marla L. Coppolino Aquatic Habitats none Woodland Habitats upland deciduous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats edge female © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..

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Supplementary 3

TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Editor: SOMSAK PANHA ([email protected]) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND Consulting Editor: FRED NAGGS, The Natural History Museum, UK Associate Editors: PONGCHAI HARNYUTTANAKORN, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND WICHASE KHONSUE, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND KUMTHORN THIRAKHUPT, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Assistant Editors: NONTIVITCH TANDAVANIJ, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND PIYOROS TONGKERD, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND CHIRASAK SUTCHARIT, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Editorial Board TAKAHIRO ASAMI, Shinshu University, JAPAN DON L. MOLL, Southwest Missouri State University, USA VISUT BAIMAI, Mahidol University, THAILAND PHAIBUL NAIYANETR, Chulalongkorn University, BERNARD R. BAUM, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research THAILAND Centre, CANADA PETER K.L. NG, National University of Singapore, ARTHUR E. BOGAN, North Corolina State Museum of SINGAPORE Natural Sciences, USA BENJAMIN P. OLDROYD, The University of Sydney, THAWEESAKDI BOONKERD, Chulalongkorn University, AUSTRALIA THAILAND HIDETOSHI OTA, Museum of Human and Nature, University WARREN Y. BROCKELMAN, Mahidol University, of Hyogo, JAPAN THAILAND PETER C.H. PRITCHARD, Chelonian Research Institute, JOHN B. BURCH, University of Michigan, USA USA PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI, Khon Kaen University, DANIEL ROGERS, University of Adelaide, AUSTRALIA THAILAND DAVID A. SIMPSON, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens,
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BULLETIN DE L'I NSTITUT ROYAL DES SCI ENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE, BIOLOGIE, 60: 35-68. 1990 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUU RWETENSCHAPPEN, BIOLOGIE, 60: 35-68, 1990 On the infrageneric systematics of the genus Arion F:ERussAc, 1819 (Mollusca, Pulmonata) by Thierry BACKELJAU and Luc DE BRUYN Summa1·y 1819 in particular, have always been controversial. No one so far has been able to present a convenient and generally This paper deals with the infrageneric systematics of the genus Arion. It accepted generic and infrageneric classification or phylo presents a historical account, after which the infrageneric position of A. geny of these slugs. We propose and discuss here some intermedius is discussed. This species is included in the subgenus Kobe/tia, reflections and hypotheses on this subject. For the author of which the type species is reconsidered. Next, a discussion on the in frage neric allocation of A. /usitanicus and A. jlagellus is provided. Both species ship of the arionid genus- and speciesgroup names used are provisionally placed in the subgenus Mesarion, which in tum may be in the text, we refer to appendix 1. grouped with Arion s.s. in the "chromosomal group" Lochea (n:S27). Kobe/tia and Carinarion may then constitute the "chromosomal group" Prolepis (n2:27). This classification relies on chromosomal, electrophoretic, Historical account genital and morphological characters. Yet, the currently available data do not allow a reliable phylogenetic analysis, so that no taxonomic ranks are attributed to the retained groupings. Nevertheless, some tentative phyloge Before LIN NAEus (1758), slugs were usually referred to as netic and evolutive hypotheses are presented.