Dusky Arion Arion Subfuscus ILLINOIS RANGE

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dusky Arion Arion Subfuscus ILLINOIS RANGE dusky arion Arion subfuscus Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Mollusca This slug may reach a maximum length of about Class: Gastropoda three inches. Slugs have a complex system of Order: organs. The mouth contains a radula, a flexible, ribbonlike structure lined with rows of teeth, used Family: Arionidae to scrape food. On the head are tentacles. Most ILLINOIS STATUS slugs in Illinois have an eye at the tip of each upper tentacle. Slugs have either a much-reduced shell, common, nonnative located under the mantle on the dorsal side, or no shell. BEHAVIORS Slugs need to seek sheltered places to live, eat and rest. They prefer to live in moist areas and are commonly found under logs, loose bark or coarse woody debris, and in leaf litter on the forest floor. Most slugs are hermaphrodites, possessing both male and female sex organs and gametes. When slugs mate, fertilization often occurs in both individuals, and both lay a clutch of eggs. Slugs lay their eggs in spring and fall. Eggs are deposited in a cool, damp place, often just under the soil’s surface. The adult slug provides no care for the eggs. Hatching takes place in about seven to 10 days. The young slugs emerge and begin to search for food immediately. A slug’s skin contains glands that produce mucus. The mucus prevents the slug ILLINOIS RANGE from drying out and also helps it move. During very hot, dry weather and during very cold periods, slugs may become inactive. Slugs eat live and decaying vegetation. This slug is introduced from Europe. It generally lives around human habitations and can be a garden pest. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © Marla L. Coppolino Aquatic Habitats none Woodland Habitats upland deciduous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats edge female © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..
Recommended publications
  • On the Distribution and Food Preferences of Arion Subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805)
    Vol. 16(2): 61–67 ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND FOOD PREFERENCES OF ARION SUBFUSCUS (DRAPARNAUD, 1805) JAN KOZ£OWSKI Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, W³adys³awa Wêgorka 20, 60-318 Poznañ, Poland (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: In recent years Arion subfuscus (Drap.) is increasingly often observed in agricultural crops. Its abun- dance and effect on winter oilseed rape crops were studied. Its abundance was found to be much lower than that of Deroceras reticulatum (O. F. Müll.). Preferences of A. subfuscus to oilseed rape and 19 other herbaceous plants were determined based on multiple choice tests in the laboratory. Indices of acceptance (A.I.), palat- ability (P.I.) and consumption (C.I.) were calculated for the studied plant species; accepted and not accepted plant species were identified. A. subfuscus was found to prefer seedlings of Brassica napus, while Chelidonium maius, Euphorbia helioscopia and Plantago lanceolata were not accepted. KEY WORDS: Arion subfuscus, abundance, oilseed rape seedlings, herbaceous plants, acceptance of plants INTRODUCTION Pulmonate slugs are seroius pests of plants culti- common (RIEDEL 1988, WIKTOR 2004). It lives in low- vated in Poland and in other parts of western and cen- land and montane forests, shrubs, on meadows, tral Europe (GLEN et al. 1993, MESCH 1996, FRANK montane glades and sometimes even in peat bogs. Re- 1998, MOENS &GLEN 2002, PORT &ESTER 2002, cently it has been observed to occur synanthropically KOZ£OWSKI 2003). The most important pest species in such habitats as ruins, parks, cemeteries, gardens include Deroceras reticulatum (O. F. Müller, 1774), and and margins of cultivated fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Dietary Diversification on Invasive Slugs and Biological Control with Notes on Slug Species of Kentucky
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 IMPACT OF DIETARY DIVERSIFICATION ON INVASIVE SLUGS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH NOTES ON SLUG SPECIES OF KENTUCKY Anna K. Thomas University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Thomas, Anna K., "IMPACT OF DIETARY DIVERSIFICATION ON INVASIVE SLUGS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH NOTES ON SLUG SPECIES OF KENTUCKY" (2010). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 35. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/35 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS IMPACT OF DIETARY DIVERSIFICATION ON INVASIVE SLUGS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH NOTES ON SLUG SPECIES OF KENTUCKY Increasing introductions of non-native terrestrial slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are a concern to North American regulatory agencies as these generalists impact the yield and reduce the aesthetic value of crop plants. Understanding how the increase in diversification in North American cropping systems affects non-native gastropods and finding effective biological control options are imperative for pest management; however, little research has been done in this area. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary diversification affects the biological control capacity of a generalist predator and allows the slug pest Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) (Stylommatophora: Agriolimacidae) to more effectively fulfill its nutritional requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Volume
    ABSTRACT VOLUME August 11-16, 2019 1 2 Table of Contents Pages Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………...1 Abstracts Symposia and Contributed talks……………………….……………………………………………3-225 Poster Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………226-291 3 Venom Evolution of West African Cone Snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) Samuel Abalde*1, Manuel J. Tenorio2, Carlos M. L. Afonso3, and Rafael Zardoya1 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva 2Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento CMIM y Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO) 3Universidade do Algarve, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) Cone snails form one of the most diverse families of marine animals, including more than 900 species classified into almost ninety different (sub)genera. Conids are well known for being active predators on worms, fishes, and even other snails. Cones are venomous gastropods, meaning that they use a sophisticated cocktail of hundreds of toxins, named conotoxins, to subdue their prey. Although this venom has been studied for decades, most of the effort has been focused on Indo-Pacific species. Thus far, Atlantic species have received little attention despite recent radiations have led to a hotspot of diversity in West Africa, with high levels of endemic species. In fact, the Atlantic Chelyconus ermineus is thought to represent an adaptation to piscivory independent from the Indo-Pacific species and is, therefore, key to understanding the basis of this diet specialization. We studied the transcriptomes of the venom gland of three individuals of C. ermineus. The venom repertoire of this species included more than 300 conotoxin precursors, which could be ascribed to 33 known and 22 new (unassigned) protein superfamilies, respectively. Most abundant superfamilies were T, W, O1, M, O2, and Z, accounting for 57% of all detected diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Studi Sugli Invertebrati
    Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta Comune di Fontainemore Attività di consulenza scientifica nell’ambito dell’Accordo di Programma per la valorizzazione della Riserva naturale del Mont-Mars Studi sugli Invertebrati Molluschi, Odonati, Ortotteri, Coleotteri Carabidi Roberto SINDACO Stefano BIRINDELLI Gianni ALLEGRO (ARNICA soc. coop.) Torino - maggio 2005 Identificazione del documento 1. Titolo e (ev.) sottotitolo: Studi sugli Invertebrati - Molluschi, Odonati, Ortotteri, Coleotteri Carabidi 2. Autore/i e/o studio tecnico professionale : Roberto SINDACO, Stefano BIRINDELLI, Gianni ALLEGRO (ARNICA soc. coop.) 3. Responsabile/i dei testi e dell’impaginazione : Roberto SINDACO 4. Data di consegna del documento : 5. Versione n. : Versione finale 6. Tipo di documento: 7. Diffusione : 8. Crediti e autorizzazioni: 9. Nome del file : Mont_Mars_Invertebrati.doc 10. Data dell’ultimo aggiornamento del file : Tavola di controllo delle versioni Versione Data Descrizione Responsabile Approvazione Data 1 Sommario La malacofauna della Riserva naturale del Mont Mars.....................................................1 1. Materiali e metodi ......................................................................................................1 2. Dati bibliografici e museali.........................................................................................2 3. Elenco delle specie presenti ........................................................................................4 4. Considerazioni conclusive .........................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Snail and Slug Dissection Tutorial: Many Terrestrial Gastropods Cannot Be
    IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT MOLLUSCS TO THE U.S. AND OBSERVATIONS ON SELECT FLORIDA SPECIES By JODI WHITE-MCLEAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Jodi White-McLean 2 To my wonderful husband Steve whose love and support helped me to complete this work. I also dedicate this work to my beautiful daughter Sidni who remains the sunshine in my life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my committee chairman, Dr. John Capinera for his endless support and guidance. His invaluable effort to encourage critical thinking is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank my supervisory committee (Dr. Amanda Hodges, Dr. Catharine Mannion, Dr. Gustav Paulay and John Slapcinsky) for their guidance in completing this work. I would like to thank Terrence Walters, Matthew Trice and Amanda Redford form the United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for providing me with financial and technical assistance. This degree would not have been possible without their help. I also would like to thank John Slapcinsky and the staff as the Florida Museum of Natural History for making their collections and services available and accessible. I also would like to thank Dr. Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman for her assistance in the collection of the fungi used in this dissertation. I am truly grateful for the time that both Dr. Gillett-Kaufman and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Slugs: a Guide to the Invasive and Native Fauna of California ANR Publication 8336 2
    University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Publication 8336 • January 2009 SLUGA Guide to the InvasiveS and Native Fauna of California RORY J. MC DONNELL, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside; TimOTHY D. PAINE, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside; and MICHAEL J. GOrmALLY, Applied Ecology Unit, Centre for Environmental Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Introduction Slugs have long been regarded worldwide as severe pests of agricultural and horticultural production, attacking a vast array of crops (reviewed by South [1992] and Godan [1983]). Species such as Deroceras reticulatum (Müller1), Arion hortensis d’Audebard de Férussac, and Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay) are among the most pestiferous (South 1992) and have increased their ranges as humans have continued their colonization of the planet. Slugs have also been implicated in the transmission of many plant pathogens, such as Alternaria brassicicola Schw., the causal agent of brassica dark leaf spot (Hasan and Vago 1966). In addition, they have been implicated as vectors of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen), which can cause the potentially lethal eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis in humans (Aguiar, Morera, and Pascual 1981; Lindo et al. 2004) and Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Céspedes, which causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis (South 1992). Recent evidence also indicates that slugs vector Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli (Migula), which cause food poisoning and may have been partially responsible for recent, highly publicized massive recalls of contaminated spinach and other salad crops grown in California (Raloff 2007, Sproston et al. 2006). 1Slug taxonomy follows Anderson (2005) throughout. Slugs: A Guide to the Invasive and Native Fauna of California ANR Publication 8336 2 In California, slugs and humans have had a long of Natural Sciences, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway, history.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Material to the European Red List of Terrestrial Molluscs
    Neubert, E., Seddon, M.B., Allen, D.J., Arrébola, J., Backeljau, T., Balashov, I., Bank, R., Cameron, R., de Frias Martins, A.M., De Mattia, W., Dedov, I., Duda, M., Falkner, G., Falkner, M., Fehér, Z., Gargominy, O., Georgiev, D., Giusti, F., Gómez Moliner, B.J., Groh, K., Ibáñez, M., Kappes, H., Manganelli, G., Martínez-Ortí, A., Nardi, G., Neiber, M.T., Páll-Gergely, B., Parmakelis, A., Prié, V., Reischütz, A., Reischütz, P.L., Rowson, B., Rüetschi, J., Slapnik, R., Son, M., Štamol, V., Teixeira, D., Triantis, K., Vardinoyannis, K., von Proschwitz, T. and Walther, F. 2019. Supplementary Material to the European Red List of terrestrial molluscs. Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Available at: https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/48439 Supplementary Material to the European Red List of terrestrial molluscs This document provides the Red List Category and Criteria for the European terrestrial mollusc species assessed on the IUCN European Red List. Data were compiled as part of the LIFE project, ‘Establishing a European Red List of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Saproxylic Beetles, Terrestrial Molluscs and Vascular Plants (LIFE European Red Lists; LIFE14 PRE/BE/000001)’. Includes data compiled through an earlier stage of the European Red List: Cuttelod, A., Seddon, M. and Neubert, E. 2011. European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. An * indicates that a species was assessed for the EU 27 Member States, i.e., prior to the accession of Croatia in 2013. IUCN Red List status of European terrestrial mollusc
    [Show full text]
  • Land Slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) on Birds Demonstrate Dispersal Potential
    THE NAUTILUS 126(1):38–40, 2012 Page 38 Land slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) on birds demonstrate dispersal potential Timothy A. Pearce Robert S. Mulvihill1 Katherine A. Porter Carnegie Museum of Natural History Powdermill Nature Reserve Carnegie Museum of Natural History Section of Mollusks Carnegie Museum of Natural History Section of Mollusks 4400 Forbes Ave. 1847 Route 381, 4400 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Rector, PA 15677 USA Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ABSTRACT MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe the discovery of two slugs, Arion subfuscus and In 2003 and 2004, two land slugs were found on birds Deroceras reticulatum, on living adult birds captured for trapped in mist nets at Powdermill Nature Reserve banding at Powdermill Nature Reserve, Rector, Pennsylvania. (Rector, PA; 40.1636 N, 79.2668 W). The birds were The presence of slugs on birds suggests that bird transport trapped by R.M. as part of the Powdermill Nature might play a role in slug dispersal. Reserve (PNR) bird banding program. The nets were Additional keywords: Gray fieldslug, Deroceras reticulatum, located in a wet shrub-scrub habitat dominated by dusky arion slug, Arion subfuscus, common yellowthroat, willows. Cursory examination of all birds for ectopara- Geothlypis trichas, northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus. sites is a routine part of the banding procedure, as is documentation of molt, and, during examination, the slugs were discovered on two species of birds. The two birds upon which the slugs were found were a common INTRODUCTION yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus, 1766)) and a northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin, Although land snails and slugs are quintessentially slow- 1789)).
    [Show full text]
  • Die Verbreitung Der Nacktschnecken Österreichs (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae)
    ©Akademie d. Wissenschaften Wien; download unter www.zobodat.at Die Verbreitung der Nacktschnecken Österreichs (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae) (Supplement 2 des Catalogus Faunae Austriae) Von P e t e r L. R e isc h ü t z (Vorgelegt in der Sitzung der mathem.-naturw. Klasse am 20. Juni 1986 durch das w. M. Wilhelm Kü h n elt) Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit ist als Ergänzung zu KLEMM, 1974 („Die Verbreitung der rezenten Land-Gehäuse-Schnecken in Österreich“) gedacht. Deshalb wurde der allgemeine Teil möglichst kurz gehalten. Die Untersuchungen erstreckten sich über zwanzig Jahre; dennoch sind noch viele Fragen offen. Möge diese Arbeit zu einer intensiveren Beschäftigung mit den Nacktschnecken anregen, so daß die großen Lücken in der Kenntnis dieser Tiergruppe geschlossen werden. Die Landschnecken Österreichs sind jetzt auf Verbreitungskarten erfaßt. Floffentlich folgen in absehbarer Zeit die Wasserschnecken und die Muscheln. Sollten trotz der mehrfachen Kontrollen Fehler unterlaufen sein, so ist dies aus der beruflichen Belastung und der langen Dauer der Forschungen erklärbar und - hoffentlich - entschuldbar. Ich widme diese Arbeit meinen Eltern, durch deren Unterstützung die Aufsammlungen ermöglicht wurden, und meiner Gattin CHRISTINE, die der (Zer-)Störung des Familienlebens geduldig ertrug. Herzlichen Dank schulde ich allen im Text erwähnten Sammlern, Prof. Dr. W. KÜHNELT, Prof. Dr. E. R. REICHL und den Mitarbeitern der Molluskenabteilung des Naturhistorischen Museums, die mich bei der Arbeit unterstützten. Zahlreiche Anregungen und Verbesserungen erbrachten die Gespräche mit Herrn G. FALKNER - München. ist zu bemerken, daß die Nacktschnecken zu wenig untersucht und studirt worden sind; weshalb ihre Arten noch vielfältig miteinander verwechselt werden, und eine gegründete Meinung über ihre Verbreitungsbezirke nicht ausgesprochen werden kann.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary 3
    TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Editor: SOMSAK PANHA ([email protected]) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND Consulting Editor: FRED NAGGS, The Natural History Museum, UK Associate Editors: PONGCHAI HARNYUTTANAKORN, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND WICHASE KHONSUE, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND KUMTHORN THIRAKHUPT, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Assistant Editors: NONTIVITCH TANDAVANIJ, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND PIYOROS TONGKERD, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND CHIRASAK SUTCHARIT, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Editorial Board TAKAHIRO ASAMI, Shinshu University, JAPAN DON L. MOLL, Southwest Missouri State University, USA VISUT BAIMAI, Mahidol University, THAILAND PHAIBUL NAIYANETR, Chulalongkorn University, BERNARD R. BAUM, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research THAILAND Centre, CANADA PETER K.L. NG, National University of Singapore, ARTHUR E. BOGAN, North Corolina State Museum of SINGAPORE Natural Sciences, USA BENJAMIN P. OLDROYD, The University of Sydney, THAWEESAKDI BOONKERD, Chulalongkorn University, AUSTRALIA THAILAND HIDETOSHI OTA, Museum of Human and Nature, University WARREN Y. BROCKELMAN, Mahidol University, of Hyogo, JAPAN THAILAND PETER C.H. PRITCHARD, Chelonian Research Institute, JOHN B. BURCH, University of Michigan, USA USA PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI, Khon Kaen University, DANIEL ROGERS, University of Adelaide, AUSTRALIA THAILAND DAVID A. SIMPSON, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens,
    [Show full text]
  • Proud Globelet,Patera Pennsylvanica
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Proud Globelet Patera pennsylvanica in Canada ENDANGERED 2015 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2015. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Proud Globelet Patera pennsylvanica in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xi + 41 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Annegret Nicolai, the University of Western Ontario, and Michael J. Oldham for writing the status report on the Proud Globelet, Patera pennsylvanica, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Dwayne Lepitzki, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Molluscs Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-938-4125 Fax: 819-938-3984 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la Patère de Pennsylvanie (Patera pennsylvanica) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Proud Globelet — Robert Forsyth (Black Oak Heritage Forest, April 19 1996, collector: Michael J. Oldham, CMNML 096170). Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2015. Catalogue No. CW69-14/721-2015E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-02615-2 COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – May 2015 Common name Proud Globelet Scientific name Patera pennsylvanica Status Endangered Reason for designation This large terrestrial snail is found in the upper mid-west of North America, with Canada’s single recorded occurrence in and near a wooded park in Windsor, Ontario.
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca, Pulmonata
    BULLETIN DE L'I NSTITUT ROYAL DES SCI ENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE, BIOLOGIE, 60: 35-68. 1990 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUU RWETENSCHAPPEN, BIOLOGIE, 60: 35-68, 1990 On the infrageneric systematics of the genus Arion F:ERussAc, 1819 (Mollusca, Pulmonata) by Thierry BACKELJAU and Luc DE BRUYN Summa1·y 1819 in particular, have always been controversial. No one so far has been able to present a convenient and generally This paper deals with the infrageneric systematics of the genus Arion. It accepted generic and infrageneric classification or phylo­ presents a historical account, after which the infrageneric position of A. geny of these slugs. We propose and discuss here some intermedius is discussed. This species is included in the subgenus Kobe/tia, reflections and hypotheses on this subject. For the author­ of which the type species is reconsidered. Next, a discussion on the in frage­ neric allocation of A. /usitanicus and A. jlagellus is provided. Both species ship of the arionid genus- and speciesgroup names used are provisionally placed in the subgenus Mesarion, which in tum may be in the text, we refer to appendix 1. grouped with Arion s.s. in the "chromosomal group" Lochea (n:S27). Kobe/tia and Carinarion may then constitute the "chromosomal group" Prolepis (n2:27). This classification relies on chromosomal, electrophoretic, Historical account genital and morphological characters. Yet, the currently available data do not allow a reliable phylogenetic analysis, so that no taxonomic ranks are attributed to the retained groupings. Nevertheless, some tentative phyloge­ Before LIN NAEus (1758), slugs were usually referred to as netic and evolutive hypotheses are presented.
    [Show full text]