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Notes and References Chapter 1 1. Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Collected Works 4 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975) p. 320. 2. Selina Chen and Tony Wright (eds), The English Question (London: Fabian Society, 2000). 3. Edward Thompson, ÔThe Peculiarities of the EnglishÕ, Socialist Register, 1965, pp. 311Ð62; Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer, The Great Arch (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985). 4. Tom Nairn, After Britain (London: Verso, 2000); John Curtice, David McCrone, Alison Park and Lindsay Paterson (eds), New Scotland, New Society (Edinburgh: Polygon, 2002); Alice Brown, David McCrone and Lindsay Paterson, Politics and Society in Scotland (London: Palgrave, 1998). 5. Anthony Giddens, Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics (Cambridge: Polity, 1994); Noberto Bobbio, Left and Right (Cambridge: Polity, 1996). 6. Jonathan Freedland, Bring Home the Revolution: The Case for a British Republic (London: Fourth Estate, 1999). 7. David Marsh et al. (eds), Postwar British Politics in Perspective (Cambridge: Polity, 1999). 8. Richard Heffernan, New Labour and Thatcherism: Political Change in Britain (London: Palgrave, 2000); Peter Kerr, Postwar British Politics: from conflict to consensus (London: Routledge, 2001). 9. Gosta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Cambridge: Polity, 1990). 10. Stephen Driver and Luke Martell, BlairÕs Britain (Cambridge: Polity, 2002); Steve Ludlam and Martin Smith (eds), New Labour in Government (London: Palgrave, 2001). 11. Steve Ludlam, ÔThe Spectre Haunting Conservatism: Europe and Backbench RebellionÕ, in S. Ludlam and M.J. Smith (eds), Contemporary British Conservatism (London: Macmillan, 1996), pp. 98Ð120. 12. Robert Hazell, Delivering Constitutional Reform: The Collected Briefings of the Constitution Unit (London: Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy, 1997). See also issues of the Constitution UnitÕs Monitor. 13. Dennis Kavanagh, The Reordering of British Politics: Politics after Thatcher (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); Mark Bevir and Rod Rhodes, Understanding British Government (London: Routledge, 2003); Joel Krieger, British Politics in the Global Age (Cambridge: Polity, 1999). 233 234 Notes and References to pp. 9Ð18 14. Kevin Davey, English Imaginaries: Six Studies in Anglo-British Modernity (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1999). 15. Tom Nairn, The Breakup of Britain (London: Verso, 1977); and After Britain. 16. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Who Do We Think We Are? Imagining the New Britain (London: Allen Lane, 2000). 17. Bhikhu Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory (London: Macmillan 2000); Bhikhu Parekh (ed.), The Future of Multi- Ethnic Britain (London: Profile Books, 2000). 18. John Redwood, Stars and Strife: The Coming Conflicts between the USA and the European Union (London: Palgrave, 2001). 19. Peter Mandelson, The Blair Revolution Revisited (London: PoliticoÕs, 2002). 20. Will Hutton, The World WeÕre In (London: Little, Brown, 2002). 21. Dick Leonard and Mark Leonard (eds), The Pro-European Reader (London: Palgrave, 2002); Martin Holmes (ed.), The Eurosceptical Reader 2 (London: Palgrave, 2002). 22. Geoffrey Owen, From Empire to Europe: the Decline and Revival of British Industry Since the Second World War (London: Harper Collins, 2000). 23. Colin Hay, The Political Economy of New Labour: Labouring under False Pretences? (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999). 24. Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the English Working Class. 25. Colin Leys, Market Driven Politics: Neo-liberal Democracy and the Public Interest (London: Verso, 2001). 26. Tony Giddens, The Third Way and its Critics (Cambridge: Polity, 2000). 27. Colin Crouch, Post-Democracy (London: Fabian Society, 2000). Chapter 2 1. William Shakespeare, Richard II (speech by John of Gaunt, Act 2, Scene 1). 2. Karl Marx, Capital, Volume One (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976) p. 90. 3. John Seeley, The Expansion of England (London: Macmillan, 1902). 4. Seeley, The Expansion of England. 5. Hugh Kearney, The British Isles: A History of Four Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989); J.G.A. Pocock, The Limits and Divisions of British History (Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy, 1979). 6. David Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). 7. There is no longer an accepted term for what used to be known as the British Isles, following the rejection of the majority of the Irish of a British identity. Attempts to provide an alternative, such as East Atlantic Archipelago, have Notes and References to pp. 19Ð27 235 proved too cumbersome to be widely adoped. See Norman Davies, The Isles: A History (London: Macmillan, 1999). 8. Recent additions include Richard Weight, Patriots: National Identity in Britain (London: Macmillan, 2002); Robert Colls, Identity of England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). 9. Jeremy Paxman, The English: A Portrait of a People (London: Michael Joseph, 1998). 10. Roger Scruton, England: An Elegy (London: Pimlico, 2001). 11. Christopher Harvie, Scotland and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics 1707Ðpresent (London: Routledge, 1998). 12. Tom Nairn, After Britain: New Labour and the Return of Scotland (London: Granta, 1999). 13. Bernard Semmel, Imperialism and Social Reform (London: Allen & Unwin, 1960). 14. John Gray, Is Conservatism Dead? (London: Profile Books, 1997). 15. Mark Evans, Charter 88: A Successful Challenge to the British Political Tradition? (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995); IPPR, The Constitution of the United Kingdom (London: IPPR, 1991); Richard Holme and Michael Elliott (eds), 1688Ð1988: Time for a New Constitution (London: Macmillan, 1988). 16. Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer, The Great Arch (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985); Nevil Johnson, ÔThe ConstitutionÕ, in Ian Holliday et al. (eds), Fundamentals in British Politics (London: Macmillan, 1999), pp. 45Ð70. 17. Jonathan Freedland, Bring Home the Revolution: The Case for a British Republic (London: Fourth Estate, 1999); Anthony Barnett, This Time: Our Constitutional Revolution (London: Vintage, 1997). 18. Peter Mandelson and Roger Liddle, The Blair Revolution: Can New Labour Deliver? (London: Faber, 1996). 19. Tony Benn and Andrew Hood, Common Sense: A New Constitution for Britain (London: Hutchinson, 1993); Tony Benn, Arguments for Democracy (London: Cape, 1981). 20. David Willetts, Modern Conservatism (London: Penguin, 1992). 21. Nevil Johnson, ÔThe ConstitutionÕ. 22. Roger Scruton, England: An Elegy (London: Pimlico, 2001). 23. Simon Heffer, Nor Shall My Sword: The Reinvention of England (London: Phoenix, 2000). 24. Jim Buller, National Statecraft and European Integration: The Conservative Government and the European Union 1979Ð1997 (London: Pinter, 2000). 25. Richard English and Michael Kenny (eds), Rethinking British Decline (London: Macmillan, 1999). 26. Anthony Barnett, Iron Britannia (London: Allison & Busby, 1982). 27. Clive Ponting, 1940: Myth and Reality (London: Hamilton, 1990). 28. Corelli Barnett, The Collapse of British Power (London: Eyre Methuen, 1972). 236 Notes and References to pp. 27Ð37 29. David Coates, The Question of UK Decline (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994). 30. Andrew Gamble, Britain in Decline (London: Macmillan, 1994). 31. Peter Hitchens, The Abolition of Britain (London: Quartet, 1999); Simon Heffer, Nor Shall My Sword: The Re-Invention of England; Roger Scruton, England: An Elegy; John Redwood, The Death of Britain? (London: Palgrave, 1999); Tom Nairn, After Britain; Robert Colls, Identity of England. 32. Peter Hitchens, The Abolition of Britain, p. 349. 33. Nick Crafts, BritainÕs Relative Economic Performance, 1870Ð1999 (London: IEA, 2002). 34. Peter Hitchens, The Abolition of Britain. 35. Similar themes are developed by Daily Mail columnists including Melanie Phillips and Chris Woodhead. 36. Enoch Powell, Freedom and Reality (London: Batsford, 1969). 37. Enoch Powell, Reflections of a Statesman: The Writings and Speeches of Enoch Powell, selected by Rex Collings (London: Bellew Publishing, 1991); Simon Heffer, Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell (London: Weidenfeld, 1998). 38. Tony Benn, Free At Last: Diaries 1990Ð2001 (London: Hutchinson, 2002). 39. Paul Allender, WhatÕs Wrong with Labour? A Critical History of the Labour Party in the Twentieth Century (London: Merlin, 2001); Hitchens, The Abolition of Britain. 40. Norman Davies, The Isles; Hugh Kearney, The British Isles: A History of Four Nations. 41. Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer, The Great Arch. 42. Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 1707Ð1837 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992). 43. James Mitchell, Conservatives and the Union: A Study of Conservative Party Attitudes to Scotland (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990). 44. Jim Bulpitt, Territory and Power in the United Kingdom (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983). 45. Norman Davies, The Isles. 46. Shakespeare, Richard II. 47. Jeremy Paxman, The English; George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982). 48. Christopher Harvie, Scotland and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics 1707Ð1994 (London: Routledge, 1977). 49. Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer, The Great Arch. 50. Roger Scruton, England: An Elegy. 51. Stuart Hall and Bill Schwarz, ÔState and Society, 1880Ð1930Õ, in M. Langan and B. Schwarz (eds), Crises in the British State (London: Hutchinson, 1985). Notes and References
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