Diana L. Paxson

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Diana L. Paxson Paxs “Not only does Paxson reveal what seers do and how, she also restores the ancient and honored role of oracle to a questioning O world.” —caiTlín Matthews, author of Celtic Visions: Seership, n The Way of The Omens and Dreams of the Otherworld hroughout history, the uncertainties of life have driven people to seek counsel from prophets, seers, and oracles. People everywhere have shared T of The Way this desire to talk to lost loved ones, find out about work and love, and deter- mine what the future will bring. Oracle in The Way of the Oracle, noted author, scholar, and pagan priestess Diana l. Paxson offers a broad overview of the traditions of famous oracles in history: from the pythia at Delphi, the son of Beor, thei rish druidess, and the Greenland völva to today’s modern seers who are resurrecting ancient skills to serve their communities. Paxson identifies the core elements of prophetic practice and offers exercises and examples, illustrations and chants, to demonstrate how to do oracle work and do it wisely. T he “A fascinating account of these traditional arts ... which have a wide range of applicability in healing, problem solving, and spiritual guidance.” —ralPh MeTzner, PhD, psychologist, author of O The Well of Remembrance and Alchemical Divination racle “What a fascinating journey into the oracular tradition: personal, profound, and enlightening.” —Michelle BelanGer, psychic/medium from a&e’s Paranormal State, author of The Psychic Energy Codex “A wonderful introduction for the beginner and a wealth of recovering the Practices of information for the trained oracle or scholar.” —Dana KraMer-Rolls, social historian and folklorist, author of The Way of the Cat the Past to Find answers for Today ISBN: 978-1-57863-483-5 U.S. $21.95 52195 9781578634835 Diana l. PaxsOn Praise for The Way of The oracle “ Diana Paxson helps priests and priestesses give voice to the spirits with confidence. Not only does she reveal what seers do and how, she also restores the ancient and honored role of oracle to a questioning world.” — Ca it l ín Mat t he ws, author of Celtic Visions: Seership, Omens and Dreams of the Otherworld “ Paxson makes a complex subject accessible. The Way of the Oracle will help readers hear the winds rustling the leaves of the sacred oak at Dodona. More importantly, it will help to keep prophesy from becoming a lost art.” — Eil een Hol l a nd, author of The Wicca Handbook and The Spellcaster’s Reference “ Reading a new book by Diana Paxson is entertainment coupled with scholarly information, with a twist of humor on top like a cherry on a cake. This book on the way of the oracles is yet another journey to remind us what we used to have, how humans can be in touch with more than just the visible world. We live in an invisible world as well, a mystery to most, but not to Diana. She has traveled over there many times, and she knows how to get out and, most importantly, how to get back. Mixed in are many real-life stories about how the Oracles worked their healing magic, and we begin to trust ourselves again—and that is a huge gift! Thanks Diana!” —Z. Budapest , author of Grandmother Moon “ Gerald Gardner is considered to be the father of modern witchcraft, Michael Harner the father of modern shamanism. Diane Paxson, with the publication of this book, clearly places herself as the mother of mod- ern trance-prophecy practice. With her other books on the subject, The Way of the Oracle is an essential primer for anyone interested in following the practices of Seidr, the Delphic Sibyl, or trance-prophecy in general. It is a book we will be happy to recommend to all of our students who prac- tice this tradition.” — Ja net F ar r ar a nd Gavin Bone, authors of A Witches’ Bible, The Witches’ Goddess, and The Inner Mysteries OraclePages.indd 1 1/18/12 1:04:12 PM “ Diana Paxson is a writer of historical fantasy novels as well as an expe- rienced seeress, skilled in the oracular arts and practices of her Nordic and Celtic ancestors. In this book she gives a fascinating account of these traditional arts, covering both the Nordic and Greek realms. Her meticu- lous scholarship and practical experience testing and working with the methods of the ancient völvas make this book a unique guide to these practices, which have a wide range of applicability in healing, problem solving, and spiritual guidance.” — Ra l ph Met zner , PhD, psychologist and author of The Well of Remembrance and Alchemical Divination “ Diana Paxson is a pioneer in recovering oracular divination. She has a remarkable ability to draw from ancient sources from around the world to describe what seers did and still make seeing accessible and viable for a modern world. Paxson also presents a vast body of experience explor- ing this mysterious process. I worked as a seer with Paxson’s Nordic seith group, her primary cultural focus. But I am also an academic folklorist, and an objective observer, and I am impressed by how she has used origi- nal sources, a deceptively simple method (trance and guided meditation), and her own lyrical poetry to weave a portal to another world where both the seer and seeker can discover knowledge to untangle the ordinary problems which confront us all. This is a wonderful introduction for the beginner, and a wealth of information for the trained oracle or scholar.” — Da na K r a mer -Rol l s, social historian and folklorist, author of The Way of the Cat “A fascinating journey into the oracular tradition: personal, profound, and enlightening.” — Miche l l e Bel a nger , psychic/medium from A&E’s Paranormal State and author of The Psychic Energy Codex “As ever, Diana Paxson continues to make strong contributions to the Neopagan enterprise, grounding her suggestions and methods in a broad base of research in numerous Western traditions, augmenting her approach to altered states and ancient oracular techniques with a healthy respect for current trends in depth psychology and the neurosciences. Paxson’s knowledge of myths, sagas, folk magic, and history is impressive and well matched by her considerable skills as an entertaining teacher and writer.” — Er ik D. Goodwyn, MD, author of The Neurobiology of the Gods: How the Brain Shapes the Recurrent Imagery of Myth and Dreams OraclePages.indd 2 1/18/12 1:04:12 PM conTenTs Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Part one: in search of the oracle I. Seers and Speakers: The Selection, Training, and Role of an Oracle 3 II. Psyche and Setting: Oracular Sites and Spirits 17 III. The Prophetic Process: Techniques for Achieving Oracular Trance 37 IV. Questions and Answers: Past and Present 57 V. Sources and Spirits 75 VI. Mania and Mantike: Issues and Opportunities 99 VII. The Problem of Prophecy 113 Part Two: invoking the oracle I. Preparation 133 II. Journeys 167 III. Working the Ritual 183 IV. Applications 197 An Appendix of Songs 231 Bibliography 241 OraclePages.indd 7 1/18/12 1:04:13 PM OraclePages.indd 8 1/18/12 1:04:13 PM acknoWleDgmenTs I have always found it easiest to learn in a group context, and I could not have developed this material without the cooperation, suggestions, and dedication of those who have worked with me in Seidhjallr, our work- ing group in the San Francisco area, and participated in our training workshops. I would especially like to recognize the contributions of Laurel Men- des, Lorrie Wood, Jordsvin, Winifred Hodge, Rod Landreth, Patricia Lafayllve, and the many others with whom I have worked over the years. Thanks also to Lorrie and Azi Vajravai for help with the music files. And finally, my thanks go to all those who have asked questions at oracle sessions from Berkeley to Britain. Without people who are looking for answers, there would be no oracle work at all. OraclePages.indd 9 1/18/12 1:04:13 PM OraclePages.indd 10 1/18/12 1:04:13 PM inTroDucTion “ A lot of help you are.” “ But we are,” said the calico koi. “We’re just not supposed to do it directly. That’s not part of being oracular. Our job is to make you think.” Dia ne Dua ne, Wizards at War PANTHEACON, FEBRUARY 13, 2010 I sit in the high seat, pulling the veil down to hide my face, clasping my hands around the staff carved with the images of raven, cat, and bear. With doubled vision, I see the hotel function room, where sixty people are thinking about how to word their questions, and the mighty gate to Helheim, its timbers banded with iron and graven with runes of power. Outside, energy surges as the rest of the two thousand pagans who have come to Pantheacon continue to celebrate. But here we have created a warded place outside of time, and the way to wis- dom is opening. Passive, I wait as I have done so many times before, trusting my guide to watch over me, trusting the warders to take care of the people. The scene blurs, and I see a lantern-lit circle of redwood trees at an ´Asatrú camp-out in Big Sur, torches and tall images at an Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship (ADF) festival in Arizona, a green lawn beside a luminaria maze at Troth- moot in Indiana, the banner-hung walls of a Unitarian church in Berkeley, whispering trees in the Runestead at Brushwood in New York, a log building at a Covenant of the Goddess (CoG) Merrymeet in Washington, and a succes- sion of workshop spaces and hotel function rooms, all transformed, like this one, by candlelight and song.
Recommended publications
  • ABSTRACT Savannah Dehart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF
    ABSTRACT Savannah DeHart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF NORTHERN PAGAN RELIGIOSITY IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. (Under the direction of Michael J. Enright) Department of History, May 2012. This thesis investigates the religiosity of some Germanic peoples of the Migration period (approximately AD 300-800) and seeks to overcome some difficulties in the related source material. The written sources which describe pagan elements of this period - such as Tacitus’ Germania, Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, and Paul the Deacon’s History of the Lombards - are problematic because they were composed by Roman or Christian authors whose primary goals were not to preserve the traditions of pagans. Literary sources of the High Middle Ages (approximately AD 1000-1400) - such as The Poetic Edda, Snorri Sturluson’s Prose Edda , and Icelandic Family Sagas - can only offer a clearer picture of Old Norse religiosity alone. The problem is that the beliefs described by these late sources cannot accurately reflect religious conditions of the Early Middle Ages. Too much time has elapsed and too many changes have occurred. If literary sources are unavailing, however, archaeology can offer a way out of the dilemma. Rightly interpreted, archaeological evidence can be used in conjunction with literary sources to demonstrate considerable continuity in precisely this area of religiosity. Some of the most relevant material objects (often overlooked by scholars) are bracteates. These coin-like amulets are stamped with designs that appear to reflect motifs from Old Norse myths, yet their find contexts, including the inhumation graves of women and hoards, demonstrate that they were used during the Migration period of half a millennium earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • Nú Mun Hon Sökkvask
    Lauren Hamm Kt. 290191-5219 MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis Autumn 2019 Nú mun hon sökkvask: The Connection between Prophetic Magic and the Feminine in Old Nordic Religion Lauren Hamm Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Gunnell Útskriftarmánuður: Október 2019 Lauren Hamm Kt. 290191-5219 MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis Autumn 2019 Nú mun hon sökkvask The Connection between Prophetic Magic and the Feminine in Old Nordic Religion Lauren Hamm Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Gunnell Félags - og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Október 2019 Lauren Hamm Kt. 290191-5219 MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis Autumn 2019 Nú mun hon sökkvask: The Connection between Prophetic Magic and the Feminine in Old Nordic Religion Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA – gráðu í Norrænni trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Lauren Hamm, 2019 Prentun: Háskólaprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2019 Lauren Hamm Kt. 290191-5219 MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis Autumn 2019 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible if it were not for the endless kindness and patience of my thesis advisor, Dr. Terry Gunnell. I truly do not have words eloquent enough to iterate how very much he deeply cares about his work and the work of his students nor how much this meant to me personally. The year of waking up to 6:00 AM skype meetings every Tuesday with Terry provided a gentle reminder of my duties and passion for this topic as well as a sense of stability and purpose I badly needed during a tumultuous time in my life.
    [Show full text]
  • University of London Deviant Burials in Viking-Age
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA Ruth Lydia Taylor M. Phil, Institute of Archaeology, University College London UMI Number: U602472 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U602472 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA The thesis brings together information yielded from archaeology and other sources to provide an overall picture of the types of burial practices encountered during the Viking-Age in Scandinavia. From this, an attempt is made to establish deviancy. Comparative evidence, such as literary, runic, legal and folkloric evidence will be used critically to shed perspective on burial practices and the artefacts found within the graves. The thesis will mostly cover burials from the Viking Age (late 8th century to the mid- 11th century), but where the comparative evidence dates from other periods, its validity is discussed accordingly. Two types of deviant burial emerged: the criminal and the victim. A third type, which shows distinctive irregularity yet lacks deviancy, is the healer/witch burial.
    [Show full text]
  • Al(T-Right) Father? Germanic Neopaganism, Nordic Nationalism, and Modern Reception of Old Norse Religion and the Vikings
    Al(t-Right) Father? Germanic Neopaganism, Nordic Nationalism, and Modern Reception of Old Norse Religion and the Vikings Trevor Kieser Master’s Thesis in Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Department of Linguistics and Scandinavians Studies (ILN) University of Oslo Spring 2019 - 30 Credits ii Al(t-Right) Father? Germanic Neopaganism, Nordic Nationalism, and Modern Reception of Old Norse Religion and the Vikings Trevor Kieser Master’s Thesis in Viking and Medieval Norse Studies – MAS4091 Department of Linguistics and Scandinavians Studies (ILN), University of Oslo Spring 2019 - 30 Credits iii © Trevor Kieser 2019 Al(t-Right) Father? Germanic Neopaganism, Nordic Nationalism, and Modern Reception of Old Norse Religion and the Vikings Trevor Kieser http://www.duo.uio.no/ Printer: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo iv Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine the modern reception of Old Norse religion and the image of the Vikings in a Nationalist context. I briefly describe the Old Norse pagan religion, as well as several extant sources on Old Norse pagan beliefs, before moving on to investigating the Germanic Neopagan movement which started in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. In order to explain this, however, there needs to be a necessary understanding of the creation and development of the Germanic völkisch movement, which directly led to Germanic Neopaganism. Out of völkisch thinking came the modern-day forms of Germanic Neopaganism, manifesting chiefly in Asatru. Its relation to nationalist thinking and its focus on the Nordic gods have drawn comparisons between Asatruers and Nazis, but this line of thinking is unfair and diminishes the faith of all Asatruers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R
    Gettysburg College Faculty Books 2-2016 The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R. Fee Gettysburg College David Leeming University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, and the Religion Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Fee, Christopher R., and David Leeming. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother. London, England: Reaktion Press, 2016. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/95 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Description The Goddess is all around us: Her face is reflected in the burgeoning new growth of every ensuing spring; her power is evident in the miracle of conception and childbirth and in the newborn’s cry as it searches for the nurturing breast; we glimpse her in the alluring beauty of youth, in the incredible power of sexual attraction, in the affection of family gatherings, and in the gentle caring of loved ones as they leave the mortal world. The Goddess is with us in the everyday miracles of life, growth, and death which always have surrounded us and always will, and this ubiquity speaks to the enduring presence and changing masks of the universal power people have always recognized in their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Disability Studies Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Folklore Commons, History of Religion Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lawson, Michael David, "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3538. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia ————— A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University ————— In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
    [Show full text]
  • The Liminality of Loki
    The Liminality of Loki ALLISON WOLF ABSTRACT: This article, the 2018 winner of the AASSC Gurli Aagaard Woods Undergraduate Publication Award, compares Victor Turner’s concept of liminality with common characteristics of trickster figures to show how the Norse god Loki is not only a trickster figure, but also a liminal one. As this article demonstrates, both trickster and liminal figures comment on a society’s social norms by challenging those social norms in order to enact change. Therefore, by closely examining the boundary-breaking nature of trickster figures as it relates to liminality, this article provides a fuller understanding of Loki’s character and his motivations. This critical analysis then points to the significance of what the presence of these figures could have meant for Old Norse society, as well as society today. RÉSUMÉ : Cet article, qui a remporté en 2018 le Gurli Aagaard Woods Undergraduate Publication Award (Prix Gurli Aagaard Woods pour les publications de premier cycle) de l’AAESC, compare le concept de liminalité introduit par Victor Turner aux caractéristiques communes des figures d’illusionnistes/« filous »/escrocs/ farceurs pour démontrer que le dieu nordique Loki n’est pas seulement une représentation du farceur, mais aussi une figure liminale. Comme le démontre cet article, les figures de farceurs et les figures liminales fournissent toutes deux un commentaire des normes sociales d’une société en les remettant en question afin donner vie à ce changement. Par conséquent, en examinant de près la nature révolutionnaire des figures de farceurs à la lumière de la liminalité, cet article permet de mieux comprendre le personnage de Loki et ses motivations.
    [Show full text]
  • Huginn and Muninn a Few Archetypes of Old Norse Collective Unconscious
    Huginn and Muninn or a few Archetypes of Old Norse Collective Unconscious Introduction A capital information needed for a better understanding of Óðinn’s mysteries consists in thinking of the main meanings of his two ravens’ names… up to the point of being able to guess, though without absolute certainty, some features of his conscious thinking and the archetypes controlling the unconscious of his ancient Norse devotees. In order to achieve this goal we will compare the various meanings of verbs and substantives upon which are based the names Huginn and Muninn. We will at first build lists of these meanings, then compare pairs of their content in order to pinpoint their differences and their common features. This analysis is quite lengthy, it may be useful to provide now the conclusions we will reach. The meaning of some Old Norse words and some quotations of poetic Edda will slowly lead us to discover that ‘obviously’, for old Norse heathen people, Huginn has been a representative of Óðinn’s conscious thought, whereas Muninn was the representative of his unconscious, featuring several archetypes structuring a collective unconscious of the Old Norse civilization that was strikingly different from ours. These concepts have been highlighted by our civilization around the end of the 19th century, then developed during the 20th by E. Freud and, more systematically, by C. Jung1. I am afraid that this conclusion would be seen as a complete oddity. It does not seem ‘rational’ to claim that the civilization of the colonized heathen Norse people might have been by some one thousand years ahead of the civilization of colonizing Christian Franks.
    [Show full text]
  • Doom, Druids and the Destruction of Mona: Roman Revenge Or Divine Dissaproval?
    DOOM, DRUIDS AND THE DESTRUCTION OF MONA: ROMAN REVENGE OR DIVINE DISSAPROVAL? CONDENACIÓN, DRUIDAS Y LA DESTRUCCIÓN DE MONA: ¿VENGANZA ROMANA O DESAPROBACIÓN DIVINA? MIRANDA ALDHOUSE-GREEN University Cardiff [email protected] ARYS, 10, 2012, 233-258 ISSN 1575-166X RESUMEN ABSTRACT Los romanos no aprobaban los druidas, The Romans did not approve of the en particular en el primer siglo de nuestra Druids, particularly in the first century era, cuando parecen haber presentado el AD, when they seem to have been at their mayor problema como focos del nacionalis- most troublesome as foci for Gallo-British mo galo-bretón. El escritor romano Tácito nationalism. Tacitus was describing an describía un hecho que tuvo lugar durante event that took place during the cataclys- el cataclísmico “Año de los cuatro empera- mic ‘Year of the Four Emperors’, when dores”, cuando Roma estaba sumida en el Rome was in chaos and, as a result, pro- caos y, como resultado, surgieron rebeliones vincial rebellions flared, including a revolt provinciales, incluyendo una revuelta en las in the Rhineland led by Julius Civilis. It tierras del Rin, liderada por Julio Civilis. was a time when the vulnerability of the Fue una época en la que la vulnerabilidad de imperial capital served to fan the flames la capital imperial sirvió para avivar las lla- of superstition that always smouldered mas de la superstición que siempre ardieron beneath the canopy of rationality. In fact, por debajo de la cubierta de racionalidad. De the event Tacitus described was an acciden- hecho, el hecho descrito por Tácito fue un tal fire rather than arson, but the perceived fuego accidental más que un incendio, pero assault on the principal icon of romanitas, el asalto percibido sobre el principal icono the Capitol, symbolised an attack on Rome de la romanitas, el Capitolio, simbolizó un itself and the empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Sundown Lyrics
    SUNDOWN —Balder Murder Cycle. Complete Lyrics: (by Ada Palmer) Seeress’ Prophecy 1 (Chorus 1: ) (Chorus 2: ) Father, father I see Father, danger, danger. Will you danger, listen, listen to my listen warning, warning as the closely. light grows weaker and the Wolf eyes night grows closer and the watch your wolf grows stronger than the waning sun? son. Now listen, Odin, Odin, Odin, I see father, murder, murder and the hear my battle, battle drawing warning, nearer, nearer as the Axe time, dragon hungers and the sword time, world tree shudders and the sundown black cock waits on Hella’s soon. hall. Odin’s Questions: (Odin ) (Soprano ) (Alto ) (Mezzo ) (Tenor) Prophecies come Ri… …dle with no start and no end, mon… …ster … ster just the riddles of monsters slaugh… slaugh… …ter …ter and slaughter of men whis… whis… …per …per as the whispers of war ask… ask… …er …er are repeated again ques… ques… …tion …tion and won’t say what it an… an… …swer. …swer. means. none. none. Is our final destruction Soon. (Loki) When? Riddle, about to begin? Here. It can’t be that. Where? monster, Is this wolf some disaster that You. Who? slaughter, watches my kin? Fate. You bound him fast. Why? whisper, Is a battle approaching that Him. How? asker, gods cannot win? No, Not true. True. question, This can’t be what it this can’t be what it This can’t be what it Can’t be answer seems! seems. seems. what it seems. none. So? Do you know? (Odin) (Frigg) Do the dwarves know? Do the dwarves (Loki) know? (Baldur) No.
    [Show full text]
  • Thor: Ragnarok'
    7/13/2018 index.html Gazing Into The Twilight: Separating The Film From The Myth In 'Thor: Ragnarok' 'Thor: Ragnarok' [Credit: Walt Disney Studios] The latest installment in the Thor trilogy was just released in American theaters, and the reviews are already stunning. At this point, critical and box office success is nothing new for a Marvel outing, so perhaps it's time instead to sit down with the Avengers' most legendary member and separate the man from the myths — literally! Presented here are the most iconic references in Thor: Ragnarok and their Norse mythology counterparts. Warning: Spoilers for Thor: Ragnarok ahead. 1. Ragnarok ['Åsgårdsreien' by Peter Nicolai Arbo, 1872] A quick entry here on the titling of the film, just to get it out of the way: as much as you think you know about Ragnarok, there's probably plenty still to take in. #Marvel execs likely took the name because of the colloquial understanding of "massive destruction and end of the world," and its pairing with the goddess, Hela (who we'll get to shortly), but there's actually a lot of misconception here. As Carolyne Larrington mentions in her translation of The Poetic Edda (one of the core sources on Norse mythology), many climactic events "portend the destruction of the gods at Ragnarok (literally: the Doom of the Gods, though the word rök 'doom' is sometimes confused with rokkr 'twilight'...)" which is where we get the most popular reading, "Twilight of the Gods." Sure, it's more poetic, but it misses the primary point. The latest film actually does a great job of riding between the two readings, using the popular translation, but keeping its intended purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Use and Meaning of a Viking Age Chair Pendant from Gudme, Denmark
    DANISH JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY 2021, VOL 10, 1-23, https://doi.org/10.7146/dja.v10i0.122229 1 The sovereign seeress – on the use and meaning of a Viking Age chair pendant from Gudme, Denmark Mads Dengsø Jessen1,2 and Kamilla Ramsøe Majland1 1 Department of Ancient Cultures of Denmark and the Mediterranean, The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Corresponding author ([email protected]) ORCID: 0000-0002-9310-3986 ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Received The South Scandinavian chair pendants of the late Viking Age form a famous and much 30 September 2020; debated find category. They have been associated with the cult of Odin as well as female Accepted seeresses. However, their find contexts clearly link the pendants intimately to a female use- 26 March 2021 sphere and their condition shows that they have been worn intensely. With a new pendant emerging from the detector finds from Gudme, Denmark, the connection between chair pen- KEYWORDS dants and dominant settlements is further strengthened. The female prerogative, the locatio- Miniatures, Chair pen- nal aristocratic reference in combination with the chairs association with royal privileges lead dants, Völva, Aristocra- to the argument that the pendants have a connection to the deep historical presence of the cy, Gudme, Pre-Chris- tian cult, Viking Age seeress as a sovereign power across Northern Europe. Her position is explained as a trian- gulation of Seeress, Odin and King which are all represented as being seated. Consequently, seating is regarded as a main attribute and a recurring and noticeable privilege for all three characters. Thus, the chair en miniature is argued to function as a material anchoring of the socio-symbolic understanding of the seated sovereign seeress.
    [Show full text]