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Región De Murcia Consejería De Fomento E Infraestructuras Plaza De Santoña, 6 30071 – Murcia Región de Murcia Consejería de Fomento Plaza de Santoña, 6 30071 – Murcia. e Infraestructuras Dirección General de Transportes, Costas y Puertos www.carm.es/cpt/ Foto: Francisco Javier Murcia Requena ESTRATEGIA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DE ZONAS COSTERAS PARA EL SISTEMA SOCIO-ECOLÓGICO DEL MAR MENOR (SSEMM) Juan M. Barragán (Universidad de Cádiz) Javier García Sanabria (Atlántida Medio Ambiente, S.L.) Región de Murcia Consejería de Fomento e Infraestructuras Plaza de Santoña, 6 30071 – Murcia. Dirección General de Transportes, Costas y www.carm.es/cpt/ Puertos ÍNDICE PARTE 1: DIAGNÓSTICO PARTICIPATIVO ..........................................................................................................3 1. ASPECTOS FORMALES DE LA ESTRATEGIA .............................................................................. 3 Introducción. ......................................................................................................................................................3 Marco conceptual: relación entre GIZC, políticas públicas y gestión estratégica. .......................... 4 Contexto exterior para una Estrategia del SSEMM .................................................................................. 9 Contexto propio y antecedentes de la Estrategia del SSEMM ............................................................ 10 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA SOCIO-ECOLÓGICO DEL MAR MENOR .................... 13 Criterios para la delimitación del ámbito de trabajo. ............................................................................. 13 Descripción básica del ámbito territorial ..................................................................................................16 Fuerzas motrices: las palancas del cambio en el SSEMM.................................................................... 18 Presiones: cómo se presentan las actividades humanas en este lugar. ........................................... 26 Cambios ambientales: lo que se puede ver de los problemas............................................................ 31 Pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos o cómo afectará al bienestar humano ................................... 36 3. DIAGNÓSTICO ESTRATÉGICO: DECÁLOGO PARA LA GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DEL SSEMM ................................................................................................................................................... 41 Política ...............................................................................................................................................................41 Normativa ........................................................................................................................................................ 44 Instituciones públicas para la gestión ....................................................................................................... 50 Coordinación y cooperación ...................................................................................................................... 53 Instrumentos estratégicos y operativos ................................................................................................... 54 Administradores y gestores ......................................................................................................................... 62 Participación pública ..................................................................................................................................... 63 Educación y concienciación para la sostenibilidad ............................................................................... 67 Información y conocimiento para la gestión integrada ....................................................................... 68 Recursos económicos .................................................................................................................................. 70 4. ESTABLECIENDO LAS BASES PARA LA ESTRATEGIA DEL SSEMM. ...................................... 71 Asuntos clave para el Bienestar humano: síntesis del diagnóstico operativo .................................. 71 Asuntos clave para el modelo de gestión integrada: síntesis del diagnóstico estratégico .......... 74 Sintetizando los diagnósticos operativos (del SSEMM) y estratégico (de la gestión). .................... 77 Visión y Misión de la Estrategia del SSEMM ............................................................................................. 81 Principios, metas y objetivos de la Estrategia del SSEMM. ................................................................... 81 PARTE 2: FASE PROPOSITIVA ............................................................................................................................. 84 5. LA FORMULACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA: ACLARACIONES PREVIAS ............................................ 84 6. LAS ACCIONES E INSTRUMENTOS ESTRATÉGICOS Y OPERATIVOS DE LA ESTRATEGIA 85 Las Acciones e Instrumentos de Gestión Estratégica ........................................................................... 85 Los Planes y Programas Operativos .......................................................................................................... 96 7. EJECUCIÓN Y LIDERAZGO INSTITUCIONAL DE LAS DISTINTAS PROPUESTAS Y ACCIONES DE LA ESTRATEGIA ...................................................................................................... 100 8. DISEÑO DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE GIZC DEL SSEMM .................. 106 Aclaraciones previas .................................................................................................................................... 106 Plan de Acción: Acciones e Instrumentos Estratégicos ..................................................................... 109 Resumen del Plan De Acción .................................................................................................................... 115 9. EL SISTEMA DE INDICADORES DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE GIZC DEL SSEMM ..................... 117 Introducción y Enfoque .............................................................................................................................. 117 El Sistema de Indicadores ........................................................................................................................... 117 10. AGRADECIMIENTOS.............................................................................................................. 126 11. ANEXO I. EL PROCESO PARTICIPATIVO ........................................................................... 128 2 Región de Murcia Consejería de Fomento e Infraestructuras Plaza de Santoña, 6 30071 – Murcia. Dirección General de Transportes, Costas y www.carm.es/cpt/ Puertos PARTE 1: DIAGNÓSTICO PARTICIPATIVO 1. ASPECTOS FORMALES DE LA ESTRATEGIA Introducción. Tres partes de diferentes extensión y contenido componen el documento inicial que se redacta, como material de trabajo, para la formulación de la Estrategia del Mar Menor y su entorno. La primera consiste en un texto con una finalidad bien definida. Esta no es otra que la de presentar los principales rasgos de un territorio que se identificará, con alguna precisión ulterior sobre sus límites, como el ámbito geográfico de la estrategia. Por descontado que dicho ámbito es de naturaleza terrestre, lagunar y marino. También el formato es muy concreto: se trata de ofrecer una síntesis de sus características generales, pero sobre todo de cómo se ha presentado el modelo de desarrollo a lo largo de los últimos 50 años. Resulta evidente que para esta tarea es preciso acudir, de forma selectiva, a los trabajos ya publicados desde Universidades o Centros de Investigación, y a los documentos o informes que han sido realizados para cualquiera de las escalas territoriales de la Administración pública. Figura 1. Proceso de elaboración de la Estrategia del SSEMM (Sistema Socio-ecológico del Mar Menor) 3 Región de Murcia Consejería de Fomento e Infraestructuras Plaza de Santoña, 6 30071 – Murcia. Dirección General de Transportes, Costas y www.carm.es/cpt/ Puertos La segunda parte se centra en el modelo de gestión del ámbito público de actuación. Para ello se procederá utilizando un modelo analítico ya ensayado por los autores de este trabajo en otras estrategias de GIZC regionales de nuestro país (Andalucía, por ejemplo) y en diagnósticos de otros países iberoamericanos (Brasil, Chile, Uruguay, México, etc.)1. Si a los objetivos relacionados con el Mar Menor y su entorno los denominamos operativos (por ir dirigidos al objeto, es decir a la laguna y su entorno), los objetivos vinculados a la gestión propiamente dicha, los designaremos como objetivos estratégicos. Y estos objetivos estratégicos se derivan de un análisis más profundo de los siguientes elementos: política, normativa, instituciones, coordinación y cooperación, instrumentos, administradores, participación, educación, información y recursos económicos. La tercera parte enumera los problemas observados de mayor trascendencia. Estos se enfrentan a las cuatro dimensiones generales en las que se puede descomponer el bienestar humano: seguridad, recursos, salud y relaciones sociales. Pero el enunciado de estos problemas no es otra cosa que la forma de cómo se manifiestan en el contexto de un modelo de desarrollo determinado. Hay que buscar sus causas pero sobre todo el origen. En este último empiezan a aparecer las disfunciones que puedan reflejarse en el ámbito público de la gestión. Y es aquí donde conviene centrar la atención en beneficio de la estrategia. Por eso se sintetiza
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