UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/3694 ASSEMBLY 9 October 1957 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Twelfth session Agenda item 65
UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY FORCE
Report of the Secretary-General
TABLE 0 F CONTENTS
Paragraphs
INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••• 1 - 2 r. ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL MATTERS 3 - 29 1. Strength and composition . . 3 - 7
2. Organization .. • e ,••• 8 - 11 3. UNEF air support 12 4. Deployment l3 - 15 5. Rotation l6 - 19
6. Well-being of the force . 20 - 24
1. logistics...... I.. I, . . . . 25 - 29 rr. THE ROrE AND FUNCTIONING OF UNEF 30 - 47 1. Responsibilities vested in the Force . . . 30 - 34 I (a) In the Suez area
(b) In the Sinai Peninsula
( c) In the Gaza Strip
(a) General
51-27935 /... A/3694 English Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Paragraphs
2. Arrangements affecting the operation of UNEF 35 - 40 Incidents ,.....•. 41 - 43 4. The effectiYeness of UNEF 44 - 47 Ill. ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS 48 - 111 1. Authorizations 48 - 53 2. Financial arrangements 54 - 56 ,. Co st estimat es 57 - 64 4. Current status of receipts and expenditures 65 - 78 Ca) Assessments
Cb) Voluntary contributions
(c) Working CaJ;lital Fund advances
(d) Estimated obligations and expenditures through August 1957
Allocation of costs of UNEF contingents between the United Nations and the ~ember States concerned . 79 - 91 6. Compensation in respect of the injury or death of members of the Force 92 - 98
7. Financial r equf rement.s 99 - 110 (a) Obligational authority
Cb) Basis for financing UNEF costs
Cc) Cash requirements -. 8,. Summary of decisions reCJ.uested by the Secretary-General concerning UNEF •. III ~ : ANNEX - Estimated costs of UNEF for the first financial J;leriod November 1956 to 31 December 1957 / ... A/"569 4 English Page 3
UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY FORCE
Report of the Secretary-General ., .1 INTRODUCTION t, .,'[ r 1. This report on the United Nations Emergency Force,!1 submitted in pursuance I. ; of General Assembly resolution 1125 (XI)) undertakes to present) in addition to financial aspects, essential data about the Force and its functioning, particularly since the last report of the Secretary-General on this subject (A/3568)gl on 8 March, when full compliance with Gener~l Assembly resolution 1124 (XI) of 2 February as to withdrawal was reported. Prior to that date, the Force had been concerned mainly with taking over from the foreign troops, follOWing the successive stages of their w~thdrawals from the Suez Canal area, the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip. Since 6 March, the Force, interposed between the armed forces of Egypt and Israel, has concentrated on its basic function of maintaining quiet in the area through deployment and patrolling in the Gaza Strip, .along the easte~n border of the Sinai Peninsula and in the region of S):larm el Sheikh. ·2. The three sections of the report deal, respectively, with organizational and operational matters, the role and functioning of the Force and administrative and financial arrangements affecting it.
Hereafter referred to as IIUNEFlI or lithe Force". Official Records of the General Assembly, Eleventh Session, Annexes) agenda item 66. I.. · , ~\ i' r~------~ --,i ~,
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I. ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL MATTERS
1. Strength and composition
3. The original estimate by the Commander of the Force of the manpower needs of UNEF to perform the tasks assigned by the General Assembly was for the eqUivalent of two combat brigades, or about 6,000 men. This target was reached with the arrival in Egypt of the Brazilian contingent in early February of this year. Since then UNEF has maintained an approximate strength of 6,000 officers and other ranks, comprising contingents from the ten contributing countries: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, India, Indonesia, Norway, Sweden and Yugoslavia. 4. The numerical strength of each national contingent on 15 September was as follows:
Contingents Officers other ranks Total,.
Brazil 44 501 545 Canada 113 1,059 1,172 §:./ Colombia 31 491 522 Denmark 25 399 424 Finland 15 240 255 India 27 930 957 Indonesia 37 545 582 El Norway 71 427 498 Swecien 27 32.2 349 Yugoslavia 55 618 673
Total 445 5,977 ~J Including ReAF personnel stationed at Naples and El Arish (Abu Suweir prior to 5 September). El Withdrew on 12 September 1957. I 5. The cietermination of the nureerical strength of the Force and its cClipCllents is based upon assessments of need by the Commander of the Force, which have been reviewed from time to time. The main considerations weighed in d~termining the J... -\ A/3694 English Page 5'
size and composition of the Force have been: the needs of the Force on the basis of its functions and responsibilities} at first in the Suez Canal region and} later} in the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip areas; the desirability of balance in the Force with regard to considerations of both geographical distribution and military organization; the comparative utility, in the light of assessed needs} of the troops offered; and the relative availability and economy of transport for the troops offered, together with their essential gear and vehicles. 6. On the basis of the most recent appraisal by the' Commander} a reduction before long in the size of the Force by some 400 officers and men may be anticipated. As in any military organization, though perhaps to a lesser degree in UNEF, a substantial part of the personnel is necessarily engaged in vital support, functions such as administr~tion, signals) engineering, supply and transport} workshop, ordnance, medical, dental, postal, pay, provost and movement control. Elements of the Force engaged in such activities) as the Commander has pointed out, are neither suitable nor available for patrol and guard duties. Thus, of the total force on 1 September of nearly 6,000, only seventy-four platoons, each of strength varying from thirty to forty-five all ranks - a total of less than 3,500 officers and men - w~re at the Commander's disposition for the regular patrol and guard duties of UNEF. The departure of the Indonesian contingent in mid-September reduced the number of platoons for such duty to sixty-five.• 7. The Commander has emphasized in his reports that, for the task it is called upon to perform, UNEF's ground deployment is livery thin", even with the present numbers. He urges that the Force be maintained at a strength permi~ting a minimum of seventy-one duty platoons, which takes into account necessar~ allowances for leave, rotation, sickness} training and essential reserve. Through planned reorganization and adjustments in support units, however) it is expected that a force reduced from its present total of 5,977 to about 5,600 officers and men would permit this minimum need for deployment to be satisfied.
2. Organization
8. The ten national contingents are the components of the Force and each of them,under the commanding officer of the unit, who is directly respon8ibl~ to the Commander of the Fo~ce, retains its identity and organizational unity. The / ... A/3694 English Page 6 demands of service made upon the Force, however, fre~uently re~uire the deployment of elements of a contingent, whether companies or platoons, in separate sectors. The Danish and Norwegian contingents, by voluntary arrangement between them, constitute a single battalion, commanded in rotation by officers of the two nationalities. The Norwegian Medical Company, which serves the entire Force, is under exclusively Norwegian command. 9. The "Chief of the Comaand"; Major General E.L.M. Burns, who Ls Commander of the Force, was appointed by action of the General Assembly (resolution 1000 (ES-I)of 5 November 1956). The chain of command runs directly from the Commander of the Force to the commanding officers of each of the national contingents. The Force is SUbject to orders and instructions only from its Commander and, through him, from the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 10. The headquarters of UNEF is locateQ in the town of Gaza. There is a Chief of Staff, who is also Deputy Commander; a Headquarters Staff consisting of Personnel, Operations and Logistics Sections, each of which is headed by a Lieutenant-Colonel; and a Special Staff consisting of officers r~sponsible for legal, provost, engineer, signals, air staff and medical matters. The Chief Administrative Officer and his staff are civilians, drawn almost entirely from the United Nations Secretariat. In addition, a number of locally recruited civilians are employed. 11. Communications traffic between United Nations Headquarters and UNEF stations in the area, which is of substantial volume, is efficiently handled by experienced United Nations Field Service communications personnel. The UNEF communications networ~ is co-ordinated With the established United Nations communications system.
:5. UNEF air support
12. As of September 1957, air support for UNEF consists of two Royal Canadian Air Fbrce flights, 114 and 115. The 114 communication flight, based in Naples, has four C-l19 aircraft. It is responsible tor the heavy lift of ~ails, priority cargo and passengers between Egypt and Italy. In the early period of the operation, twelve C-119s were employed. The 115 communication flight is based at the UNEF air station at El Arish (which was at Abu Suweir prior to 5 September) , and has four otter and two DC-3 aircraft. This flight provides reconnaissance, medical evacuation and internal transport support for UNEF. / ." ..
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4. Deployment
13. The major deployment of UNEF is along the Egypt-Israel Armistice De~arcation Line and along the international frontier to the south of the Gaza Strip. This involves a line of qui~e considerable total length which, for the most part, runs in rugged terrain. The perimeter of the Gaza Strip, from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the international frontier in the south, is sixty kilometres long. The international front~er, extending ~rom the sea 8outh~arcs to the Gulf of Aqaba, measures 213 kilometres. UNEF is deployed, on the Egyptian side only, along these two lines, totalling 273 kilometres, and patrols them constantly. The distance from the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba to Shar.m el Sheikh, where UNEF is also deployed, is another 187 kilometres. 14. The positions and assignments of units of the Force are changed from time to time. As of 15 September, the deployment was as follows:
Along the Armistice Demarcation-Gaza Strip Line: Danish-Norwegian (Danor), Brazilian, Indian' and Golombian battalions, and a Swedish company.
Along the international frontier-East Central Sinai Line: one Canadian reconnaissance squadron; one Yugoslav reconnaissance battalion.
In the Sharm el' Sheikh and Ras Nasrani area: the Finnish company.'
In Gaza town: UNEF headquarters staff, the Swedish battalion, except one company; the Norwegian Medical Company.
At Rafah: Canadian and Indian administrative and other support unit~ in the UNEF maintenance area; a Finnish guard detachment.
At Naples: an RCAF communication flight, consisting of thirty-three officers and 150 other ranksj UNEF liaison staff and a movement control detachment.
At El Arish: an RCAF communication flight, consisting of thirteen officers and forty-five other ranksj a small detachment of the Brazilian battalion ~or guard duty; twenty-one officers and men for movement control.
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At Port Said: one platoon, on monthly rotation among contingents, as security guard, together with a permanent movement control and port detachment required for port clearance and storage.
At Beirut, Lebanon: a leave centre detachment of nineteen officers and men. 15. Resolution 1125 (XI) calls for placing the. Force "on the Egyptian-Israel Armistice Demarcation Line", but no stationing of UNEF on the Israel side has occurred to date through lack of consent by Israel.
5. Rotation 16. The status of the troops varies in the several contingents comprising UNEF. In some instances, they are drawn from the regular army and are professional soldiers. In other cases, they are volunteers or conscripts who are enrolled for specific terms of service. Most of the officers in all contingents are regular military personnel. 17. The terms of service of the men, of course, have a direct bearing on the length of time they may serve with UNEF. What is described as th'e "rotation" prevailing in UNEF had its first application in April, when the, terms of service of the men in one contingent were about to expire. They had been taken into . service in regular course, not specifically for duty with UNEF. It became necessary, therefore, to return them to their homeland shortly before the date they were to be discharged. Subsequently, when the terminal dates approached of the terms of service of volunteers, of those called from reserve status, or of conscripts, other contingents were replaced by new men, or "rotated". The nature of the climate and the terrain in which the Force is deployed, and the monotony of the duties they are called upon to perform also lend strong support to the .principle and practice of periodic rotation. The tendency among the contingents has been towards rotation after a period of service o~ apprOXimately six months. Transportation for the rotation has been by air in some cases and by sea in others, and in Egypt also involves rail and bus. Its costs are met by the United Nations. 18. To date, all of the contingents have been rotated in whole or in part, except those of India and Canada, and these two rotations are to take place in the autumn, the Canadian replacement beginning in September and the Indian occurring in November. The withdrawn Indonesian contingent did not rotate. /...
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19. In general, the contingents are rotated on a strength-for-strength basis, with the new troops arriving as the veterans depart. The rotations have resulted in no appreciable change in the numerical strength o~ the contingents. Significantly, 400 men among six of the contingents thus far rotated have volunteered to remain with UNEF for a second six-month tour of duty.
6. Well-being of the Force 20. The general state of well-being of the Force is excellent. In health and morale it has fared wel~. 21. The health of the Force has been consistently good, through the cold of the Sinai winter, the rainy Gaza spring, and the intense heat of the summer. From 22 November 1956 to 15 September of this year, seventy-four officers and 968 other ranks have been hospitalized in UNEF hospitals. Cases requiring hospitalization for more than a fortnight are taken out of the Force's field hospitals, usually to Naples. There have been fifty-two such cases. There are two UNEF' hospitals, the Base Hospital at Gaza, staffed by the Norwegian medical unit, and a Canadian-manned hospital in the Rafah maintenance area. The Base Hospital has sub-units attached to contingents and outposts. Some of the national contingents have their own medical o~ficers and maintain their own medical inspection rooms. A dental clinic is available at the UNEF maintenance area and this, together with certain national dental clinics attached to units, operates under the Senior Dental Officer. The main causes of hospitalization have been stomach disorders, injuries, burns, hepatitis, heat exhaustion, sand fly fever and appendicitis. 22. There have been thirteen fatalities distributed among eight of the ten contingents, resulting mainly from accidental shootings, encounters with mines and traffic accidents. 23. In view of the duration of UNEFts assignment Bnd the difficult physical conditions under which the Force operates, a leave policy has been developed and a leave centre has been established in the mountains near Beirut, Lebanon. The leave granted is three days for each month of service with UNEF, with the proviso that leaves cannot be granted when to do so will reduce the strength of a unit below 75 per cent of its authorized establishment. The leave centre in Lebanon was decided upon following careful investigation of all possibilities and their probable .costs. It was considered essential to have the centre in an area affording / ... c! I _"'l. ~ --- _ change of scenery, climate and altitude. The centre was opened on 1 May and is to operate until 31 October. Costs of the centre are borne by the United Nations. 24. The morale of the Force has been high throughout. Contributing factors have been the realization by the troops that they are making history through participation in a unique and pioneering peace effort, and the fact that this has been a first visit to the area for practically all members of the Force. The mail arrangements have worked well, which always boosts morale. Members of the Force are entitled to mail, free of charge through use of a UNEF cancellation stamp, five air letters per week to their home countries. There is also an effective welfare programme which has built up a steady flow of books, magazines, sports equipment, games and phonograph records, and especially motion-picture films, which constitute the backbone of the entertainment activities. Live entertainment, thus far, for reasons of the relative inaccessibility of the Force, the costs involved and the varied languages and cultural tastes of the personnel in the Force, has been on a ~uite limited basis and, for the most part, has had to be provided by the men themselves.
7. Logistics 25. In view, particularly, of the emergency nature of the operation and the international character of the Force, the supply and provisioning of UNEF was a crucial problem from the very beginning. Over the months, however, this problem has been met ~uite satisfactorily by systematic procurement from a variety of sources, including those in the area. The UNEF maintenance area at Rafah now maintains a sixty-day reserve and maintenance stock of pack and dry rations, with a thirty-day reserve backing this up in Naples. In addition to this, up to ninety days' rations may also be held at Rafah. However, this figure will vary as the stocks are consumed during the ~uarter. Supply needs are calculated on the basis of a total Force personnel of 6,000. Most of th~ supplies are now shipped by sea to Port Said and from there by rail to Rafah. The small movement control and port detachment at Port Said handles all such traffic. 26. Although the nature of the ration poses a challenging supply problem for an international force, a comprehensive ration scale, based on Canadian, British and Indian scales, and supplemented to meet some national dietary demands, caters adequately to all tastes. /. ". A/3694 English Page 11
27. Approximately 1,100 vehicles and trailers of forty different types and makes provide the ground transport for UNEF. The main types are the reconnaissance vehicles such as scout cars, light armoured cars and jeeps; the load carriers, consisting of 3/4-ton to 3-tcn lorries; ar-d the technical vehicles, such as engineer and workshop. Some of these vehicles accompanied the national contingents; others have been purchased for UNEF from various sources. All have clear United Nations markings. The acquisition of spare parts for certain of these vehicles presents great difficulties. As far as ~racticable, a reserve of gasoline, oils and lubricants equal to one month's maintenance stock is held on the ground at the maintenance area. 28. From the beginning of the operation if November 1956 tbrougb 31 August 1957, the cargo carried to UNEF bas approximated 18,750 tons by sea and 4,690 tons by air. 29. The members of the Force wear their national uniforms, whicb are provided by their countries. Casual and inexpensive,hot-weather uniforms, however, have been provided by the United Nations for the entire Force. The troops are also provided, with and wear for ready identification UNEF blue plastic helmets, blue wool berets, blue desert caps and blue shoulder patches.
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Il. THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONING OF UNEF
1. Responsibilities vested in the Force
30. By mid-September of this year, UNEF will have completed ten months of duty, during which it has been called upon to undertake important responsibilities involving a considerable variety of tasks. The United Nations Command for the Force, established by General Assembly resolution 1000 (ES-I) was to !lsecure and supervise the cessation of hostilities in accordance with all the terms of General Assembly resolution 997 (ES~I) ... ", The General Assembly, in resolution 1001 (ES-I), approved gUiding principles for the organization and functioning of the Force as
set forth, in the Secretary-General I s report of 6 November 1956 (AI3302),"lI whereby, as must follow from its status under the Charter, the Force could not be stationed or operate on a country's territory without that country's consent. 31. The Force, which has an international character as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly, as affirmed in its regulations, was not established to undertake enforcement actions, While UNEF has a military organization, it does not use all normal military methods in achieving the bbjectives defined for it by the General Assembly, As indicated in the Secretary-General's report mentioned above, the functions foreseen for UNEF when the cease-fire was being established, were to enter Egyptian territory with the consent of the Egyptian Government, in order "to help maintain Quiet during and after the withdrawal of non-Egyptian troops ". 32. In the case of each withdrawal operation, the Commander of the Force, in close consultation with the SecretarY-Oer-eral, negctiated the technical arra~ge~ents with the Commanders of the British, French and Israel forces. 33. Since the withdrawals of Israel tro9Ps from the Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh sectors on 7 and 16 March, respectively, the activities of UNEF have centred on the fulfilment of Assembly resolution 1125 (XI) of 2 February. The resolution called for r~he placing of the.•. Force on the Egyptian-Israel Armistice Demarcation Line~. In partial fulfilment of that resolution, UNEF is deployed, on the Egyptian side, along the Armistice Demarcation Line and the international frontier. dl Official Records of the General Assembly, First Emergency Special Session, Annexes. I· ·. A/3694 English Page 13
34. More specifically, UNEF has been called upon for varied services in the several areas in which it has operated, as indicated below.
(a) In the Suez area The 'initial activity of UNEF centred in the Suez Canal area, mainly during the period between the arrival of UNEF in Egypt on 12 November and the withdrawal of the Anglo-French forces on 22 December 1956. Within that period it: (i) Was interposed between the Anglo-French and Egyptian forces through occupation of a buffer zone south of El Cap, extending northwards to Port Said as the Ang10-French'troops moved in that direction; (ii) Rendered assistance in Port Said and Port Fuad in maintaining calm between the civilian population and the Anglo-French forces, through stationing and patrolling, and also shared resonsibility with local authorities for keeping the peace among the civilian population; (iii) Guarded the power station in Port Fuad; (iv) Maintained a safety cordon around areas in Port Said and Port Fuad from which Anglo-French forces were embarking in the final stage of their withdrawal; (v) Assisted) at the request of Egypt, in avoiding sabotage of the oilfields at Sadar and El Balayin; (vi) Cleared mine fields; (vf.L) Arranged and carried out the exchange in th~ buffer zone bf approximately 850 prisoners, detainees and internees, between the Egyptian Government and the Anglo-French Command; (viii) Provided protection for British and French ships engaged in the Suez Canal salvage operation; (ix) Conducted investigations of various complaints and inquiries by Egyptian authorities and the Anglo-French Command concerning such matters as violations of cease-fire, smuggling activities and missing personnel; (x) Guarded the off-loading of store.s and vehicles for UNEF from ships at Port Said, and continues to do so. / ... (b) In the Sinai Peninsula The second period of UNEF activity, from December 1956 to March 1957, centred in the Sinai Peninsula after the Anglo-French withdrawals and the gradual withdrawal of Israel forces, by steps. In this stage it: (i) Took over from tbe Israel forces in the successive stages of their withdrawal from Sinai, including the Sharm el Sheikh regionj (ii) Took over from Israel forces the Saint Catherine1s Monastery, in southern Sinai) accompanied, on entry, by a UNESCO representative to ascertain the condition of the MOnastery's cultural treasures. Prior to the Israel withdrawal, a UNEF supply convoy to the Monastery was arranged at the request of Egypt and with the consent of Israel; (iii) Has been interposed between the forces of Egypt and Israel east of the Canal, from 3 December 1956 onwards; (iv) Arranged and carried out the exchange of all prisoners of war between Egypt and Israel; (v) Cleared many Sinai mine fields; (vi) Cleared and repaired portions of damaged roads and rough tracks crossing the Sinai; (vii) Investigated, at Egyptian request, the Romani railroad station incident. (c) In the Gaza Strip UNEF1s heaviest responsibilities and most difficult duties have been in the Gaza Strip since 8 March, viz.: (i) On Israel withdrawal and in the absence of any organized or responsible local administration, UNEF troops took up positions in all centres of population and camps in the area, controlled all entry and exit into the Strip, and with the assistance of UNRWA officials temporarily assumed responsibility for some essential services in the Strip, including internal security functions mainly relating to guard and check post duty and patrolling with a view to preventing mob disorders, violence and lootingj 10 .. \
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(ii) Assumed temporary control of the prisons; (iii) Guarded key installations) 3uch as all public utilities; (iV) Took in safe keeping local vital records which it found; ( v ) Manned temporarily the telephone switchboard of the town of Gaza; (vi) In view of the shortage in Gaza of petroleum products) arranged for loan of diesel oil from UNRWA supply to maintain essential electric service; (vii) Assisted efforts to dete~mine whereabouts of deportees from Gaza while it was under Israel's control; (viii) Through deployment around the perimeter of the Gaza Strip and constant patrolling) UNEF) assisted by orders of the Gaza Administration to the people not to cross the line nor) after darkness, to enter a zone extending 500 metres from it, prevents infiltrations and crossings of the Demarcation Line for any purpose; (ix) Continues) with regard to UNEF personnel and affairs) to man joint Egyptian-UNEF check posts controlling entry into and exit from the Gaza Strip, from and into Egypt; (x) Cleared extensive and thickly sown mine fields. (d) General In addition to the above, UNEF: (i) Airlifted seventy-two Egyptian prisoners of war from Djibouti (French Somaliland) to Cairo; (ii) Arranged for repatriation to Egypt of two persons under treatment in a hospital on the Israel side of Jerusalem.
2. Arrangements affecting the operation of UNEF 35. The co-operation of the Gaza Administration, and an awareness of the people in the area that the mission of UNEF is friendly and has the support of the Administration) are essential to the effective discharge by UNEF of its responsibilities. I ..· A/3694 1nglish Page 16
36. Information from the COll1Ir1ander of the Force is to the effect that the population of the Gaze Strip has been made to know that Egyptian policy is opposed to infiltration across the Demarcation Line. Egyptian regulations against infiltration, including penalties, have been put into force and the people of Gaza have b~en made aware of the role of UNEF in the prevention of infiltration. The Commander has been informed that the CID (police) in Gaza has been instructed to act vigorously with the object of finding persons responsible for mining and other serious incidents and to prevent recurrence. Moreover, Gaza inhabitants are . forbidden to approach within 500 metres of the Demarcation Line during darkness, and the Mukhtars (local headmen) have been warned that they are responsible for preventing infiltration in their areas. Severe sentences may be awarded against violators of regulations against infiltration. 37. There is an understanding whereby a unit of the Palestine Police would be assigned specific duty in the prevention of infiltration and would co-operate closely with UNEF in such function, particularly in acting on UNEF requests relating to actual or apprehended infiltration and the free exchange of information concerning actual or potential infiltrators. In practise, thus far, this has meant mainly the Palestine Police receiving from UNEF the persons apprehended in the zone near the Demarcation Line. Patrolling along the Line is by UNEF alone. The Commander is of the view that the absence of incidents, and in recent months particularly those with mines, reflects more effective local police and CID action. He also reports that a re-grouping of the Force so that battalion boundaries will generally correspond to administrative sub-districts in the Strip, which are also the police sub-districts, may facilitate police co-operation wi~h UNEF at the battalion level. d 38. UNEF is authorized to apprehend infiltrators, and the Commander reports that accepted practice is for UNEF to take infiltrators into custody in a zone extending 500 metres from the Demarcation Line, and hand them over to the local police. 39. No serious difficulties are reported with regard to (~) the enjoyment by personnel and vehicles of UNEF of full freedom of movement in the Gaza Strip, and , in the Sinai Peninsula between the bases and headquarters of UNEF and the elements I ~ of its troops deployed along the Demarcation'Line; (~) UNEF aircraft flying freely over the Sinai and the Gaza Strip; or (~) the manning of the Gaza Airport by UNEF. / ... 1 1 /}~ _~~:",,-__-,,-~~=- - ...J. 'i;... A/3694 English Page 17
40. The relations between UNEF and the local population are said by the COIT@ander to be good, generally speaking. He finds that the presence of UNEF under its existing terms of reference, despite occasional minor difficulties, is accepted as a good development by the majority of the inhabitants of the Gaza Strip.
3. Incidents
41. Since the Force was d.eployed alcng the Gaza line and to the south of it there has been a steady'reduction in both the number and the severity of incidents along that line. Indeed, as of 15 September, no report of any serious incident had been received since 14 July when a UNEF patrol was fired at, witho~t casualties. There have been no raids from either side, whether in retaliation or of the !edayeen type. Military elements of Egypt and Israel are never in sight of each other. 42. The monthly figures on numbers and types of incident involVing the Egyptian Israel line and UNEF, including the reports of incidents presented by Egypt and Israel, reveal the significant trend, particularly marked since June, towards fewer and less serious incidents. All nine incidents reported in August and September, for example, were of a minor nature. 4j. As reported from all sources, the type and number of incidents of all kinds other than alleged violations of territorial waters (of which there have been only two - in May) and of air space (Which are difficult to establish) are as shown below.
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Type of incident Occurrences by monthE! March April May June July August September (1-15)
Involving mines 5 1 4 5 0 0 0 Crossings of AD~I involving firing 1 1 2 2 2 0 0
Firing across ADL 0 ;; 2 2 2 0 1 Crossings of ADL involving tbeft or, occasionally, kidnapping 10 12 21 39 10 2 2 I j Crossings, or I ,i attempted crossings 1 of ADL not involving firing, theft or ; kidnapping 6 18 13 6 8 3 1
Totals 22 35 1+2 54 22 "j 4
Total incidents for the six and one balf months: 184.
~I Armistice Demarcation Line. £! Based on figures from UNEF headquarters, which include complaints presented by both parties as well as observations independently made by UNEF. Record for March is incomplete.
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~.. The effectiveness of UNEF
. 44. UNEF was designed to meet a particular need in an acute emergency. The authority given to it was limited, as it could only be. The demands upon it which might arise from specific situations could not all be foreseen. The basic purposes and role, however, as defined by the General Assembly, have been clear enough from the beginning, and the orders and directives of its Commander on its functions and authority are precise. It often has had to move and act SWiftly, but has done so always with the restraint required by the very nature of its status and role. In the course of its functioning, many issues have arisen) for most of which satisfactory solutions have been found. A few issues are unresolved but still open. These include the completion of UNEFts deployment; authority for UNEF to fire during darkness at infiltrators approaching the line from either direction, wbicb would be somewha~ broader than its unquestioned right to fire in self defence - a right which it has, on occasion, exercised; and the idea of a protective fence along a part or the whole of the Demarcation Line. 45. ·Despite its limited authority and some unsettled questions, there would seem to be no good reason to doubt th~~ ..~~F'. has been effective. It has earned acceptance as a significan~ pioneering effort in the evolution of methods of peace-making. 46. The prevailing,quiet and generally satisfacoty conditions along the line, so far as UNEF is concerned, should not, however, as the Commander of the Force has warned, be considered as obviating the need to find, when the time is propitious, satisfactory solutions for the main unresolved issues noted above. The line under present conditions is vulnerable ahd the quiet, at any moment, could be abruptly broken. 47. Looking back to November of last year, it may be recalled that UNEF was, in the first place, a pre-condition set by. :B'rance, Israel and the United Kingdom f~r the cease-fire. Subsequently, it was a pre-condition for the withdrawals from Egypt of the Anglo-French and Israel forces. Upon completion of the withdrawals, it became, and undoubtedly continues to be ~oday, one of the pre-conditions for the preservation of qUiet along the line between Egypt and Israel. Such quiet, in turn, is indispensable to fruitful effort towards the removal of the major obstacles to peace in the Near East. / ...
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rrr. ADMINISTRATDlE AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEM"EN'IS
1. Authorizations
48. SUbse~uent to the establishment by the General Assembly of the United Nations Command for the Emergency Force (resolution 1000 (ES-I) of 5 November 1956), the Secretary-General submitted a report on the plan for the Force (A/3302 of 6 November 1956), in which he dealt with the guiding principles for its organization and functioning, including the manner in which it would be financed. While indicating that further study would be required, he proposed the provisional application of a basic rule in terms of which a nation providing a unit would be responsible for all costs of equipment and salaries, while all other costs would be financed outside the normal budget of the United Nations. In view of the impossibility of making any firm estimates of costs, the Secretary-General further suggested that the only practical course would be for the General Assembly to vote a general authorization on the basis of the general principles he had set forth. 49. In terms of resolution 1001 (ES-I) of 7 November 1956, the General Assembly accepted the Secretary-Generalis proposals on the guiding principles for the organization and functioning of the Force, approved provisionally the basic rule according to which it would be financed, and authortzed the Secretary-General to ta):ce all necessary administrative and executive action. 50. After consideration, on 26 November 1956) of a report presented by the Secretary-General on' administrative and financial arrangements for the Force (A/3383),~ the General Assembly adopted resolution 1122 (XI), in terms of which the Secretary-General was authorized to establish a United Nations Emergency Force Special Account to which funds received by the United Nations, for the express Furpose of meeting the expenses of the Fprce, should be credited and from which paymerrbs for this purpose should be made. It was decided that the S];lecial Account should be established in an initial amount of $10 million. Pending the receipt of funds, the Secretary-Gen.eral was authorized to advance from the Horking Capital Fund such sums as the Special Account might require to meet any expenses chargeable
~ Official Records of the General Assembly, Eleventh Session, Annexes, Agenda item 66. /11. "
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to it. The Secretary-General was requested, furthermore, to establish such rules and procedures for the Special Account and make such administrative arrangements as he might consider necessary to ensure effect:ve financial administration and control of the Account. The Fifth CommUtee and, as appropriate, the Advisory Committee on Administrative and BUdgetary Questions, was requested to consider and I report on further arrangements that needed to be adopted regarding the cost of maintaining the Force. 51. After consideration of these questions by the Advisory Committee (A/3402 and A/3456)1/ and by the Fifth Committee (at its 541st, 544th, 545th, 546th, 547th and 553rd meetings) the Assembly, in resolution 1089 (XI), adopted on 21 December 1956, decided that the expenses of the Force, other than for such pay, equipment, supplies and services as might be furnished without charge by Member Governments, should be borne by the United Nations and should be apportioned among the Member States, to the extent of $10 million, in accordance with the scale of assessments adopted by the Assembly for contributions to the annual budget of the Organization for the financial year 1957. It was specified that this decision should be without prejudice to the subsequent apportionment of any expenses in excess of $10 million which might be incurred. It was decided, further, to establish a special committee composed of representatives of nine Member States to examine the question of the apportionment of'the expenses in excess of $10 million. 52. The matter was duly considered by the special committee and its report discussed in the Fifth Committee at the latter's 594th meetiug. In the course of these proceedings, the Secretary-General Lndf.cabed that the expenses during 1957 would exceed the $10 n:lilliC!n thus far appr'opr'Late d, and that it woul.d be essential for the General Assembly to authorize him to enter into commitments for UNEF in such amount) up to a total of $16.5 million, as might be necessary in the circumstances. This obligational authority was intended to provide for the maintenance of the Force, should circumstances so require, pending reappraisal by the General Assembly at its twelfth regUlar session of bUdgetary needs and the method of financing them. It was stressed that the estimate on which the figure of $16.5 million had been based needed to be treated with considerable reservation in view of their necessarily speculative nature.
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53. On the basis of the Fifth Committee's recommendation, the General Assembly, on 27 February 1957, adopted resolution 1090 (XI) which (~) authorized, the SecretaryAGeneral to incur expenses for the Force up to a total of $16.5 million in respect of the ~eriod to 31 December 1957; (£) invited Member states to make voluntary contributions to the Special Account; (£) authorized the Secretary-General to advance from the Working Capital Fund such sums as the Special Account might require and, where necessary, to arrange for loans to the Special Account from appropriate sources, including other' funds under the control of the Secretary General, provided that the repayment of any such advances of loans to the Special Account should constit~~e a first charge against contributions as they are receiv~d , and on condition that such loans should not affect current operational programmes. The resolution laid down, in conclusion, th~t the General Assembly, at its twelfth session, should consider the basis for financing any costs in excess of $10 million not covered by voluntary corrtr-tbut.tone ,
2. Financial arrangement~ 54. Pursuant to the General Assembly's authorization in resolution 1122 (XI), the Secretary-General in November 1956 establish~d the United Nations Emergency Force Special Account to which all funds received by the United Nations for the purpose of meeting the expenses of tbe force have been credited and from v/hich payments ,for this purpose have been made. All funds received in the Special Account to date, whether arising from the assessment of the in:Ltial $10 million of expenses or voluntary contributions from Governments or from advances from the Working Capital
Fund, have been in US dollars J except for a voluntary contribution equivalent to,$27,950 paid in pounds sterling. 55. Funds from the Special Account are made available only through allotments made to the Commander or sub-allotments made to departments of the United Nations when thes~ are given responsibility for procuring or providing goods or services for umnF. 56. In accordance with the General Assembly's request in resolution 1122 (XI)' the SecretaryAGeneral} after consultation with the Advisory Committee on Administrative and BUdgetary Questions, established in December 1956 provisional financial rules
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for the Special Account. These rules and the procedures devel~ped in connexion therewith are designed to enst~e effective financial administration and control of the Account, and therefore have been patterned to the maximum extent appropriate on established United Nations financ:i.al rules and procedures. They provide, inter alia, for the administration of allotments, the entering into of IZ' .'0" contracts for the purchase of services, supplies, equipment or other requirements for UNEF, the receipt, management and disbursement of funds, the receipt, management and disposal of supplies, eqUipment, and other property, and the accounts and ,financial statements to be prepared. In r eapect, of audit arrangements, the provisions of the United Nations Financial Regulations as to external audit" and the United Nations Financial Rules as to inteTnal inspection, have been applied.
3. Cost estimates 57. An analysis and explanation of the estimated cost of the Force during the period Npvember 1956 to 31 December 1957 is presented in the annex to this document. On the basis of present calculations the total expenditure to be borne by the United Nations for that period will amount to $23,920,COO. This estimate remains SUbject to revision in the light of a reappraisal of certain elements of cost which is being undertaken at the present time. It will also be affected by any new developments which may occur or any change in the present arrangements for allocation of costs on which the Assembly may decide. 58. The estimates do not include the value of materials and services whicb have been prOVided without charge by Governments, including, of course, the substantial contribution, in the form of military personne'l and equfpmerrt, ,,,,hich, the ten Member states furnishing national contingents have generously made available. Additionally, the following facilities and assistance have been furnished by Governments for the transportation of troops, equipment and supplies to the area of operations: (a) Airlifts arranged by the United States at a cost approxfmat.tng $2,250,000 from the base countries of contingents to Naples or Beirut;
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~ (b) Transport of Canadian troops and equipment from Canada to Egypt by Canadian aircraft carrier at a cost of $33.3,312 and by airlift at a cost of $438,819; (c) Acceptance by the Government of S~itzerland of charges I 'I ap:proximating $390) 006 for commercial air transportation of troops and equipment from Italy to Egypt in the initial stages; (d) Extensive airlift ?nd staging facilities provided by Italy for troop and supply movements from Naples to Egypt; (e) Airlifts arranged by Scandinavian Governments for regular .transport service to and from Naples. 59. In addition, the Secretary..Gel).eral is examining vdth the Government of Brazil the question vhet.her costs ,,}hich that Government incurred in transporting its first contingent to Egypt in one of its o~n naval vessels ~ill, as ~as originally understood, represent a 'Voluntary contrrfbutdon to UNEF or whether the Government wi~l seek reimbursement of those costs. 60. A variety, of other supplies, services and facilities have also been furnished without charge. These have included the provision by Italy of labour for loading planes and shtlps, crating and carting services, local transport f'acilities, space
and telephone seryices J billeting facilities, airport and hangar facilities, and service personnel. Egypt has cont.r fbut.ed office and other accommodations, transport facilities, and general supplies. Several Governments are providing additional communications facilities and mailing privileges,_and many of the contingents are being provtded with r ecr-e atIonal., ~elfa!'e and other materials by their Governments and by private sources. 61. The fact should not be ove~J.ooked, therefore, that had the Unf.t.ed Nations been obliged to bear the entire ~osts of establishing and maintaining the Force, the financial burden on i:ts membership as a whole woul.d be SUbstantially greater than is~ in fact, the case. 62. The estimates also make no provision for the reimbursement to Governments of
special ~llo~ances paid to their contingents 8S a direct result of their service in the area. Certain Governments have approached the Secretary-General in regard to the assumption of this obligation by the United Nations and it is the Secretary General's view that for the initial six-month period of serVice) such, . reimbursement ~ould be a legitimate claim against the Special Account. A/3694 English Page 25 '
63. Further issues that have been raised vlith the Secretary-General by certain of the Governments providing contingents are: (a) The reimbursement of all identifiable adddtional costs incurred in making the contingents available; (b) Compensation for depreciation or replpcement of equipment provided by the Governments concerned. The Secretary-General has regarded it beyond the scope of his authority to make any commitment in regard to these issues and has therefore reserved them for the consideration of th~ Assembly, in the light of the observations and recommendations set forth hereunder. 64. Until appropriate decd s Loris are taken by the GCl1era;l Assembly, no reasonably precise estimates of expenditure in 1958 can be prepared , Future costs vlill obviously be affected to a cons~derable extent if any additional obligations on the lines suggested are assumed. On the assumption) bovever, that the present basis for the allocation of costs is maintained and the Size, scope and function of tne Force as set out in parts I and II of this report remain unaltered) the present level of expenditure may be expected to continue, provided that certaim non-recurring items such as the cost of alteration and con~truction of base premises and related installations expenses are left out of account.
4. Current status of receipts anc expenditures (a) Assessments 65. Of the initial amount of $10 million} apportioned in tents of resolution l089(XI) among the i':cmber States in accordance with the scale of assessnents f'or contributions to tte annual budget of the Organizaticn fer 1957, contributic~s totalling $5,743,644 have been received from thirty-tYro Member States, as at '7 Octoper 1957. 66. A number of Member States have notified the Secretary-General that they will not participate in the financing of the Force for reasons stated when the relevant decision was taken by the General Assembly. The peTcen~age assessments of the States involved amount to a total of apprOXimately 20 per cent,
/ ...
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(b) Vo1untar:( con~!ibt.:ltions 67. In terms of resolution 1090 (XI) of 27 February 1957, Member States were inyited to make voluntary contributions to meet the further sum of $6.5 million. 68. In response to, a formal request for voluntary contributions addressed to Member Governments by the Secretary~General on 15 April 1957, the following pledges have been received as at 7 October 1957:
Pledged $ Dominican Republic 3,250 Greece 6,500 New Zealand 27,950 Pakistan 5,000 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 507,650 United states of America 3,250,000 69. The United Kingdom contribution has been treated as a reduction of its ~laim against the Special Account for equipment and supplies provided to the Force. The contribution pledged by the United stat~s is SUbject to the condition that other Member States contribute an equal amount. The contributions by the Dominican,Re~ublic, New Zealand and the United Kingdom are based on a percentage of the $6.5 million correspond;i.ng to their percentage assessment for contributions to. the regular budget for 1957. 70. Actual cash receipts as at 7 October 1957, including a payment by the Un~ted States to match other contributions, amount to $586,550. 71. A number of Nember States have repeated their previous statement to the effect tha~ they will not participate in the financing of UNEF for reasons already made known. In addiUon, a number of Member states have indicated that their present economic and financial situation will not permit them to pay more than their assessed share of the initial $10 million. 72. Some Member States who are providing contingents to the Force have indicated that they are unable to make furtper voluntary contributions in view of the heavy burdens they are already assuming.
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73. A further request for voluntary contributions was addressed by the Secretary-General on 26 September 1957 to, those Member States which had not at that time responded to his eartier appeal.
(c) Working Capital. Fund advances 74. In view of c1e1ays in the receipt of corrtriOutions to the UNEF Special Account, it has been necessary continuously from the commencement of UNEFfs operations for the Secretary-General, under the authcrt.ty granted in resolution 1122 (XI) and confirmed in resolution 1090 (XI)) to advance from the vlorking Capital Fund various su~s required to meet the expenses chargeable to the Special Account. 75. The amount of the advances has fluctuated from month to month in accordance I i'lith t.he net balance between contributions received and payments made on behalf of, UNEF. 76. At 30 September 1957, the amount of such advances outstanding was $3,775,000.
(d,) Est,ima~ed obligations anE. ~xp~nd,i tur~s :tp;!,ough A;.~ust 1957
77. At 31 August 1.957 J obligations and expenditures incurred, for UNEF during the pr~ceding ten months were estimated at a total of $14,020,000. 78. Cash disbursements represented ~)6)774·,OOO and) in addition, it was proposed to offset approximately $1 million of the estimated obligations arising from the procurement of goods and services from the United Kingdom against the assessed and voluntary contributions of' that Government •
.5. Allocation of costs of UNEF contingents betv/een the United Nations and the ---- Meniber states concerned
7.9. 'rhe need has arisen for a clearer and more precise determination as to the principles in accordance 'Idth wht ch the costs of national contingents comprising UNEF should be allocated between the United Nations, as a charge to the Special Account, and the Member states concerned. In presenting the observations and proposals which follow, the SecretarY-General has sought to distinguish between arrangements which he believes to be i'lithin his present authority to implement, and those 'V/hieh, while not necessarily' inconsistent with the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly at its eleventh session) would represent elaborations
involving financial ob l.f.gat fons that, in the Secretary-General I s judgement, require
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the further consideration of the General Assembly as the only organ competent to decide whether another formula for more general distribution of the cost incurred in maintaining the Force might be adopted. To this end, regard should be had to the original intent of the General Assembly as expressed in the relevant resolutions and debates; as well as to the position of Member States furnishing contingents as explained in the course of subsequent consultations and negotiations with the Secretary-General. 80. Attention is called, in the first place, to the following fundamental elements of the prior decisions of the General Assembly as summarized under Section 1 above: (a) The basic rule referred to in paragraph 5 of resolu~ion 1001 (ES-I) of 7 November 1956, to the effect that a nation providing a unit would be responsible for all costs of equipmerrc and salaries, while all other costs should be financed outside the normal budget of the United Nations; (b) Resolution 1089 (XI) of 21 December 1956 in Which, ,after recalling the provisional decision of 7 November, and while recognizing that the question of how the Force should be financ~d required further study, the General Assembly decided, inter alia, "that the expenses of UNEF, other than for such pay, equipment, supplies and services as may be furnished without charge by Member Governments" should be borne by the United Nations and apportioned to the extent of $10 million in accordance with the scale of assessments for 1957. 81. In the opinion of the Secretary-General, resolution 1089 (XI) was intended to clarify and, in a sense, amplify the Assembly's earlier provisional decision without J .however, necessarily detracting from the basic rule provisionally laid down in the latter resolution as to the responsibility of Member States furnishing contingents for the relevant costs of salaries and equipment. 82. It is pertinent to note, however; that prior to the adoption of the resolution a number of participating Governments stressed the fact that their contributions and the allocaiion of costs resulting therefrom would be the subject
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of negotiations between themselves and the Secretary-General. Thus paragraph 24 of the Fifth Committee's report~stated that some delegations felt it was appropriate that arrangements should be agreed upon between the Secretary-General and the Government concerned regarding the reimbursement of the "ext.ra costs" which contributing Governments might be obliged to incur in making troops available for service with the Emergency Force. 83. In the course of such negotiations which subsequently took place, it became clear that certain of the Governments concerned considered that resolution 1089 (XI) superseded the basic rule provisionally adopted in resolution 1001 (ES-I) and that it had in effect been the intention of the General Assembly to alter the basic rule and to include the cost of salaries and equi.pmerrt of contingents among the expenses to be borne by the Dnited Nations, unless furnished without charge by Member Governments. 84. The Secretary-General has, however, felt bound to take into account the fact that, although the terms of resolution 1089 (XI) did not explicitly define the basis on which pay, ecauipment, supplies and services should in fact be furnished without charge to UNEF by contributing Governments, the view was widely expressed and is reflected in the records of the Fifth Committee, that countries which had supplied troops should continue to pay such expenses as they would normally have incurred in any event, and that any reimbursement obligation to be assumed by the United Nations should be limited to the additional expenditure which such countries might incur as a direct result of their having made contingents available for UNEF service. 85. The Secretary-General is also conscious of the fact that some Governments may have had in mind service of a much shorter duration for their contingents than developments have recauired. The need will be readily appreciated, furthermore, for ensuring that arrangements finally decided upon are uniformly applied to all participants and that the total financial burden is distributed
as widely and as ecauitably as possible. These considerations suggest that, for / the purpose of determining what costs should be reimbursed.by the United Nations} a distinction might logically be drawn between the first six months of service of a national contingent and any subsecauent period of such service.
Official Records of the General Assembly, Eleventh Session, Annexes, agenda item 66, document A!3560. / ...
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86. It is the Secretary-Generalis considered view; as indicated earlier, that for the first six months (i.e.; during what might reasonably be regarded as the initial emergency period), it would be in keeping with the intent of the General " Assembly, and therefore within the scope of his present financial authority; for i the United Nations to reimburse participating Governments for any special I!i!! allowances) as distinct from basic salaries, paid to members of their contingents as a direct result of their service with UNEF in its area of operations; provided that such allowances can be considered reasonable, having regard to the circumstances in which the troops have been made available and to legal and other obligations devolVing upon the Government concerned. Unless it should be the view of the General Assembly that no adequate authority in fact exists; and that no element of "extra costs" associated with pay and allowances can be accepted as a proper charge against the Special Account, the Secretary-General proposes to honour reimbursement claims presented in accordance with the foregoing formula and to adjust his budget estimates for UNEF accordingly. 87. On the basis of claims submitted and of data obtained directly from the field, it is estimated that for all contingents such "special aHowances" involved) during the initial six-month period,an expenditure on the part of the Governments concerned of approximately $330,000 per month. Reimbursement by the United Nations may thus be expected to result in an additional charge to the Special Account for the period in question of $2 million. 88. In the event, however, of a contingent serving beyond the initial six-month period or of a replacement contingent being made available; the Secretary-General holds that the United Nations should agree to assume financial responsibility for all extra and extraordinary costs which a Government is obliged-to incur in making forces available for UNEF service. Apart from the costs of equipment referred to below, acceptance of this principle would mean, in effect, reimbursement by the United Nations of expenditure incurred in respect of pay and allowances over and above those costs which the Government concerned would , in any event have been obliged to meet. It would not,.of course, preclude any Government vho chose to do so from voluntarily assuming all or part of such expenses.
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89. In commending this general principle to the General Assembly, the Secretary General is consciJus of the fact that those Member States which have ~een maintaining, UNEF contingents for more than ten months are finding it increasingly difficult to prolong the period of service of their troops, or to make replacements available in the absence of any firm assurance that identifiable direct expenses thereby incurred will be borne by the United Nations. It would seem to the Secretary-General, moreover, that beyond a limited emergency period, any arrangement under which a few Member States carry a disproportionately heavy financial burden does not represent a sound or equitable basis on which to discharge a collective United Nations responsibility. 90. Pending the receipt of more complete and documented statements from some of the participating Governments, it is difficult to furnish any reasonably exact
ll estimate and analysis of the lI ext r a and extraordinary costs which, under the proposed new form~la, would fall to be reimbursed by the'United Nations. Assuming, however, that apart from equipment costs, they would relate almost exclusi.vely to pay and allowance expenditures which would not otherwise have been incurred, it would appear from the data available that the approximate current level of such expenditures (i.e., during the remaining period of eight months) amounts to some $575,000 per month (inclusive of special allowances). This monthly estimate may be expected to be somewhat reduced - perhaps to a level of $545,000, consequent on the anticipated readjustment in the strength and composition of the Force, following the withdrawal of the Indonesian contingent during September 1957. Since the status of the various contingents and the conditions of their assignment differ very widely (e.g" in some cases they are regular units of the countryf s armed ' forces, while in others they are comprised of volunteers specially recruited for UNEF service) and since their rates of pay and other benefits are in accordance with national laws and regulations which in themselves reflect wide var'La'bf.ons , any subsequent changes in the composition of the Force could have a significant bearing on the future level of reimbursement costs. For the purposes of the first financial period, however (i.e.) from November 1956 to 31 December 1957), the financial implications of the two reimbursement principles formulated above are tentatively and provisionally estimated as follows:
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$ For the first six months: Reimbursement of special allowances: 2,000,000
For the remainder of the period: Extra and extraordinary costs relating to pay and allowances: ~., 500,000 Total ~500,OOO 91. It should also be pointed out that, because of the prolongation of the period of service, most of the participating Governments are faced with unforeseen costs in connexion with the equipment, material and supplies initially furnished to their contingents. The General Assembly has therefore also to consider whether t'< ;! the United Nations should assume financial responsibility for the replacement of equipment that is destroyed or worn-out and for such deterioration beyond that provided for under normal, depreciation schedules as can be assessed at the
conclusion of the total period of service of a Government 1 s forces. In vi ev of t.he fact that the main burden of furnishing much of the heavy and expensive equipment needed for the operations of UNEF as a whole has fallen on a limited number of Member States, the Secretary-General believes that, in the interests of an e~uitable sharing of costs, some appropriate recognition by the United Nations of this obligation is called for. The task of estimating possible claims that may eventually be made in this regard presents obvious difficulties. Some indication of the maximum liability which the United Nations would be assumi.ng will be possible vhen detailed schedules recently supplied by the Governments concerned have been analysed and costed.
6. Compensation in respect of the injury or death of ------members of the Force
92. The question of compensation in respect of the injury or death of members of the Force was first raised in the Secretary-General's report to the General Assembly dated 21 November 1956 (A/3383), in the following terms:
"13, 1'Jith regard to troops of the United Nations Emergency Force, it has been asstooed that in case of death, injury or illness attributable to service with the Force, such personnel or their dependants would qualify for ben~fits under their own national service pension or compensation regulations, and that they would not receive such benefits directly from the United Nations••• ,"
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93. The matter was further considered by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions which expressed the vie~) in its thirty-fifth report to
the eleventh session of the General Assembly (A/34-56) J that the Secretary-General's assumption, as stated above, appeared to be a valid one. It added that "the question therefore arises whether, and - if so - to what extent, the United Nations should accept liability in respect of claims from Governments for the reimbursement of pensions and compensation paid by ~hem. Although the acceptance of such a liability appears to be implicit in the Secretary-General's report (AI3383; para. 13), on which previous discussion of this matter has been based, there vrou:;Ld be advantage in the Fifth Committee 1s taking a firm decision on the point". 94. At the 541st and 558th meetings of the Fifth Committee, some members recommended further consultations between the Secretary-General and the Governments prOViding forces with a view to determining the extent to which claims might be lodged, within the broader context of the over-all operation. 95. Following upon such consultations, the Secretary-General advised Governments participating in the Force that the possibility would be explored of arranging an adequate system for compensation by the United Nations in the case of death, injury or illness as a result of service with UNEF; and that, until such a system was established and pending its confirmation by the General Assembly, the United 'Nations would reimburse indemnities paid by a participating Government based on national regulations. 96. According to the records available to the United Nations, a total of thirteen members of the Force have died or been killed to datej others have sustained injuries of lesser or greater degree. No claims for compensation payment have, however; yet been formally transmitted to' the United Nations by the Governments concerned. 97. It is the considered view of the Secretary-General, upon further reflecti~n, that the initially stated principle should be adhered to, namely, that in the event of death or injury attributable to service with the Force, such personnel or their dependants would qualify for pension benefits or compensation under their own national service schemes; payments to beneficiaries would be made by the Governments concerned, which would in turn lodge claims with the United Nations. In the view of the Secretary-General this plan is likely to prove the most feasible administratively, and the most equitable for all partiAs. / I...
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98. The Secretary-General would also recommend in regard to such compensation that: (a) Claims of participating Governments should normally be restricted to cases of death or serious ~isability involving a material cost to the Government for medical costs and/or pension benefits; (b) No formal rules should be established at this time; but until some experience is gained of the problems likely to arise, such claims should be dealt with as presented based on the circumstances of each case; (c) So far as possible, administration of monthly or other periodic payments should rest with the participating Government; consideration would be given; as and when appropriate, to the working out between the United Nations and the Government concerned of an arrangement whereby the United Nations liability would be commuted to a lump sum payment.
7. Financial requirements
99. At 30 September it is estimated that the expenses of UNEF for the fourteen-month period ending ~l December 1957 will total between $24 million and $30.5 million, depending on such arrangements as may be agreed or confirmed by the General Assembly for reimbursement of special allowances or other costs to Governments providing contingents to UNEF. At this time; however, only $6,330;000 has been paid in cash into the UNEF Special Account, $5,744,000 of this total haVing been paid in connexion with the initial assessment of $10 million and the balance of $586,000 paid as voluntary contributions. A further amount of $3)213,000 has been pledged in voluntary contributions but has not yet been paid in cash and, of this sum, $2.7 million is dependent on the receipt of matching contributions from other Member States. 100. The wide disparity between the financial needs for the current period and. the cash resources thus far made available or pledged to the Special Account by Member States makes it imperative that the General Assembly; in addition to determining the natlITe and extent of costs to be reimbursed to Governments providing contingents to UNEF, give urgent consideration to the three following problems. / ... A/3694 English Page 35
101. The first of these relates to the authorization to be granted by the General Assembly to the Secretary-General to incur expenses for the maintenance of the Force; the second to the basis for financing UNEF costs, whether by apportioning or assessing the expenses among the Member States or by other means; and the third to assuring adequate cash resources to the Secretary-General to cover expenses.
(a) Obligational authority 102. Regarding the Secretary-GeneralIs authorization to incur expenses for the United Nations Emergency Force, it will be recalled that the General Assembly, in resolution 1090 (XI), authorized an amount of $16.5 million for that purpose in respect of the period to 31 December 1957. Although the amount authorized corresponded with the amount re~uested by the Secretary-General, sUbject to the reservations noted earlier, his request was predicated on covering expenses for a twelve-month period rather than a fourteen-month period as provided in the General Assembly's resolution. 103. However, developments in UNEF 's operation and composition subsequent to the General Assembly's authorizing action (such as the necessity which was unforeseen at the time of the Secretary-GeneralIs re~uest to provide for the transportation costs involved in the single or double rotation of all the UNEF contingents) have necessitated revised and increased estimates of costs likely to be incurred to 31 December 1957. 104. On the basis of the latest estimates of financial requirements which are appended to this report, and in the light of the decisions that the General Assembly will take on the question of costs to be reimbursed to Governments providing contingents, the Secretary-General requests that the General Assembly authorize him to incur expenses for UNEF: (i) For the period ending 31 December 1957, up to a total of $23,920,500, plus such additional amount as may be authorized or required to Lmp.Lemerrt such arrangements as may be agreed or confirmed by the General Assembly with reference to reimbursements of costs to Governments providing contingents; (ii) For any 1958 period, not more than a total of $20 million, plus such additional amount as may be authorized or required with / ...
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reference to reimbursement of costs to Governments providing contingents, it being understood that so long as UNEF continues on its present basis of operations the expenses of maintaining -the Force would not normally exceed $2 million for any single month.
(b) Basis for financing UNEF costs 105. Perhaps the most important single issue calling for urgent consideration and decision arises as a result of paragraph 4 of resolution 1090 (XI), under the terms of which the General Assembly decided that, at its twelfth session, it would consider the basis 'for financing any costs of the Force in excess of $10 million not covered by voluntary contributions. It will be observed from the figures cited above that as of the end of September, the shortfall in contributions received and assured (in excess of the $10 million assessed) as agaipst estimated costs through 31 December 1957, is of the order Of $12.8 million,
ll without taking account of the estimated cost of reimbursing II speci a1 allowances during the first six months ($2 million) or, should the General Assembly so decide, of reimbursing all "extra and extraordtnary'' pay and. allowance expenses during the balance of 1957 (estimated at $4.5 million). 106. The Secretary-General holds to the view which he has previously expressed to the General Assembly that decisions which are taken by the Assembly itself and which have important financial consequences carry with them an obligation on the part of all Member Governments to make available the requisite resources or other means for their implementation. In the light, however, of the extremely limited response to date by Member States to the appeal for voluntary contributions, and of the complexity and scope of the operations in which UNEF is involved, he is constrained to question whether it is either feasible or prudent to place any undue re~iance for the future on this method of obtaining the necessary budgetary provision. The Secretary-General is bound to stress the grave risks inherent in the present inadequate and insecure basis of UNEF financing. Unless, indeed, the possibility of UNEF successfully completing its mission is to be seriously jeopardized, it is essential that this vital United Nations undertaking be assured of the same degree and certainty of financial support as afforded to other United Nations activities which have as their purpose the maintenance security and peace. / ... A/3694 English Page 37
(c) Cash re~uirements 107. Regarding the need for assuring adequate cash resources to cover the expenses of UNEF the Secretary-General considers that the eXisting authorizations may not be s~fficient to meet the requirements of the situation unless they are broadly construed to permit loans from Member States and unless there is a reasonable expectation that these will be forthcoming when needed. He considers it essential, nevertheless, to retain the authority granted to him in resolution 1090 (XI), (1) to advance from the Working Capital Fund such sums as the Special Account may require to meet expenses chargeable to it; and (2) to arrange where necessary for loans to the Special Account from other appropriate sources. 108. The authority to advance sums from the Working Capital Fund has been constantly resorted to during the current year, and the amount of such advances outstanding at 30 September 1957 totalled $3,775,000. It seems likely, however, on the basis of past experience, that unless such advances to the UNEF Special Account are substantially reduced from their present level of $3;775,000 before the early months of next year there will not be a sufficient balance of funds in the Working Capital Fund or in the Central Fund to cover the costs of the normal activities of the Organization. 109. While the necessity to arrange for loans to the Special Account- from other funds under the control of the Secretary-General has been narrowly avoided up to the present time, it would appear that such loans could in any case only provide temporary relief for limited amounts and should not be relied on as a means of assuring the financial solvency of UNEF's operations. 110. In view of the necessity to cover the shortfall between the estimated financial re~uirements and the cash resources of UNEF indicated above, the Secretary-General believes it will be necessary to appeal for advances from Member States which may be in a position to make funds available p~nding receipt of assessed or other contributions.
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8. Summary of deqisions reQuested by the Secretary-General concerning UNEF
111. Matters requiring action by the General Assembly in terms of the UNEF report may be summarized as follows: (a) The method or methods by which the funds required for the maintenance of the Force are to be obtainedj (b) The need for increasing the Secretary-General's obligational authority for the ~eriod ending 31 December 1957j (c) The provision of appropriate obligational authority in respect of any 1958 period during which the Force may continue on its present basis of operation; (d) The problem of assuring the availability of necessary cash. resources) pending receipt of contributions or other payments to the UNEF Special Accourrt; (e) The Secretary-Generalis interpretation of his financial authority in the matter of reimbursement of special allowances paid by Governments to members of their liNEF contingents for the first six months of service; (f) The proposed formula under which, in respect of any period subsequent to the first six months of service, the United Nations would assume financial responsibility for all "extra and extraordinary" costs incurred by a Member Government as a direct ,\ result of furni shing a contingent to UNEF; (g) The proposal that, in respect of equipment furnished by a participating Government to its contingent, the United Nations should be financially responsible for its replacement in the event of its being destroyed or worn out, or for such depreciation (beyond that provided for under normal depreciation schedules) as can be assessed at the conclusion of the total period of service of a Government's forces; (h) Arrangements for payment of compensation in the event of injury or death attributable to service with the Force.
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ANNEX
Estimated costs or UNEF f'Jr the first f'inanc ial period November 1956 to 31 December 1957
SUMMARY
$ I. SalarieD and wages 1,621,200 U. Welfare en1 recr~aticn 683,000 IlL Transportation of military personnel 2,07:?,000 IV. OV8rseas allowance to military personnel 1,924,000 V. Travel and subsistence of rnilitary personnel 480,300 VI. Rental, reconditioning and maintenance of premises and equipment 1,374,000 VII. I~otor transport and operational equipment 2,314,000 VIII. Operation and maintenance of motor transport and operational equipment, including petroleum, oil and lubrication 2,840,000 IX. Rental of' aircraft and related expenses, including petroleum, oil and lubrication 946, 000 X. j-1isce11aneous equipment 202,000 XI. Stationery and office supplies 80 ,000 XII. Operational supplies 2,012,000 XIII. Food supplies for military personnel 4,410,000 XIV. Communications services 150,000 XV. Freight, cartage, express and air freight 1,023,000 XVI. Miscellaneous supplies and services 609,000 XVII. Insurance 175,000 XVIII. External audit costs 4,000 XIX. Contingencies and unforeseen expenditures 1,000,000
TGTAL 23,920,500
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Estimates
1. Salaries and wages $1,621,200
(a) Consultants $ 46,800 This estimate provides for the cost of the salary of the Special Advisor to the Secretary-General and travel and subsistence in respect of the Special Advisor and his staff of three military officers. The travel estimate is based on the cost of original travel to Headquarters and return and one round-trip to the mission area for each of the four officers at the rate of $1,000 per round tri~. Subsistence has been estimated at the rate of $15 per day for the Special Advisor until 31 August 1957, when his assignment came to an end; $16 per day for a twelve-month period for two of the three members of his staff, whose assignments were scheduled to terminate at the end of September 1957; and $16 per day for the fourteen-month ~eriod for one member of the staff whose assignment continues. The latter three officers have been serving without honoraria.
(b) Staff $1,396,000 This estimate provides for the salaries and wages of the following categories of staff: (i) 4 international staff members recruited for service with UNEF; (ii) 42 staff rrembers detailed to UNEF from Headquarters and other United Nations Offices; (iU) 63 Field Service personnel serving in the mission area; (iv) 790 locally recruited staff in the mission area consisting of (a) 200 secretarial, administrative, clerical and fiscal personnel; and (b) 590 local employees such as batmen, mess'personnel, tradesmen, common labourers and watchmen. The use of local employees has made it possible to keep the number of internationally recruited staff to a minimum and to releasft military personnel for the operational requirements of the Force. (The salary scale for most local employees is that established by UNRWA, with some upward adjustment for specially qualified personnel" in procurement and finance.); !... A!3694 English Annex Page 3 •!
(v) 31 posts established in New York and Geneva to alleviate overloads caused by UNEF operations. The attached manning table shows the posts indicated in (i), (ii) and (iii) above.
(c) Common staff costs $ 178,400 This estimate provides for dependency allowances, education grants and related travel, contributions to the Joint Staff Pension Fund and contributions to medical and other social insurances payable in respect of internationally recruited staff, Field Service personnel and staff detailed to UNEF from Headquarters and Geneva.
11. Welfare and recreation $ 683,000 Provision is made in this account for the estimated cost of various welfare activities designed to maintain the morale of military personnel. The total estimate is made up of the following items: $ (i) Transportation ~o leave centres by sea 126,000 (ii) Transportation to leave centres by air 18,000 (Hi) Leave centre facilities, including billeting, food, sightseeing gUides and tours 441,000 (iv)' Purchase of recreational and sports supplies 18,000 (v) Printing of 1,500,000 airletters 10,000 (Vi) Rental of films, the present average \. being 22 films per month 50,000 (Vii) Live shows to be sent to mission area on the basis of approximately one show per month 20,000 The leave centres referred to are a leave centre organized as from the end of April 1957 for a period of six months in Beirut and for a period of a further two months in another location in the area, as yet unselected.
Ill. Transportation of military personnel $ 2,073,000 The greater part of the costs under this heading have been borne in the form of voluntary contributions by Governments providing transportation facilities.
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The following expenditures remain to be provided for: $ (i) Initial transportation to the area of the Yugoslav contingent 145,000 (ii) Rotation of Yugoslav contingen~ 200,000 ( Hi) Rotation by air of the.Scandinavian contingents 340,000 ( iv) Rotation of the Colombian contingent 230,000 (v) Rotation of the Brazilian contingent 131,000 (vi) Rotation of the Indian contingent 287,000 (vii) Repatriation of the Indonesian contingent 200,000 (viii) Second rotation of the Scandinavian contingents 340,000 (ix) Rotation of military personnel from mission to home country, due to incapacitation or other reasons, as distinct from regular contingent rotation 200,000 In chapter XIX sowe margin for contingencies and unforeseeable expenditure not included above has, however, been allowed.
IV. Overseas allowance to military personnel $ 1,924,000 This estimate is based on the Fayment to approximately 6,000 officers and other ranks of a d~ily allowance of 86 cents paid from 17 December 1956, in accordance with the principle decided upon by the Fifth Committee at its 54lst meeting on 3 December 1956. In arriving at this estimate, due allowance has been made for the fact that the Force had not reached full strength during the early stage of the operation. Allowance has also been made for the fact that, during the last two months of the financial period, the size of the Force will have been reduced to approximately 5?500 men after the departure of the Indonesian contingent. v. Travel and subsistence of non-military personnel $ 480,300 (i) Travel of Field Service personnel $ (a) Travel on recruitment and reassignment 52?800 (b) Home leave travel in respect of 20 persons to points in Europe, I ~.'. A/3694 English Annex Page 5
South America and Asia at an average cost of $1,000 per round trip 20,000 (c) Installation allowance for 8 Field Service members assigned to Geneva (additional radio operators to ease increased workload due to UNEF) 5,000 (ii) Travel of international staff (a) Travel to and from Naples and the mission area of United Nations personnel detailed for periods of service with the Force, as well as staff members proceeding to these points for purposes of inspection, observation, financial control and other official business 164,600 (b) Travel of staff from Egypt to Europe in connexion with procuremezrt , calculated on the basis of 10 round trips at $300 each 3,000 (iii) Subsistence A total of $234,900 is provided for the payment of subsistence to international staff in Naples and the mission area 234,900 VI. Rental, reconditioning and maintenance of premises and equipment $ 1)374,000 (i) Rental of houses, messing facilities, hospitals, offices, stores and cold storage, situated in Cairo, Gaza, Raf'ah , Port Said, Abu Suweir, El Ballah and El Arish 160,000 (ii) Reconditioning and maintenance, including cost of alteration and construction of the following premises Abu Suweir 5,100 El Ballah 18,400 El Arish 37,900 Rafah. 434,800 Gaza 54,700 / ... ------1_ A/3694 English Annex Page 6
$ (Hi) Miscellaneous equipment for military contingent installations 463,100 Included in this figure are spare parts for wireless eguipment, telephone eguipment, generators and test e~uipment (iv) Rental of hotel for Royal Canadian Air Force contingent of 391 men based in Naples (air crew and movement control) 190,000 (v) Rental and maintenance of other premises in Naples 10,000 VII. Transportation and operational equipment $ 2,314,000 Provision is made for the cost of vehicles procured since the start of operations in Egypt and in Naples. These costs are estimated as follows: $ (i) 1956 procurement 1,207,000 (ii) 1957 procurement 957,000 (iii) Replacement of vehicles not taken into account under (ii) above 150,000
VIII. Operation and maintenance of motor transport and equipment $ 2,840,000 $ (i) Maintenance of vehicles by civilian contractors in the mission area 140,000 (ii) Spare parts and tires for approximately 1,000 vehicles 1,500,000 The greater part of these vehicles are of a type that is costly to maintain. These include roadbuilding vehicles, bulldozers, wreckers, 3- to 4-ton trucks, water trailers, armoured vehicles, generators on wheels, mobile machine shops and others of similar calibre. The rough desert terrain on which the vehicles operate considerably increases normal wear and tear. (~ii) Petroleum, oil and lubricants 1,200,000
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IX. Rental of aircraft and petroleum, oil and lubricants $ 946,000 s ,,) (i) Handling fees and charter costs of a USAF DC-3 aircraft for the Commander of UNEF during the period December 1956 to April 1957 46,000 (ii) Petroleum, oil and lWJrication for the UNEF Squadron in Egypt and Lebanon and refuelling in Naples of Italian aircraft participating in the UNEF airlift 900,000 , The UNEF squadron consists of 10 RCAF aircraft provided by the Canadian Government. (The squadron at present comprises 4 C-119s, 4 Otters and 2 D~-3 Dakotas). No estimate has been included for the cost of refuelling the RCAF aircraft in Naples since it is uncertain whether the United Nations vill be charged.
X. Miscellaneous equipment $ 202,000 This estimate provides for the procurement of miscellaneous equipment of a capital nature required by the Force in the following categories: $ (i) Telecommunications equipment including replacement of non-expendable equipment such as wireless, telephone, generators and test equipment 75,000 This category also includes a transmitter, a diesel generator, telegraphic typewriters, perforators, auto head oscilloscopes, small transmitters and receivers to replace radio jeep equipment. (ii) Engineering, signal and medical equipment procured under United States Government assistance in 1956, from the United Kingdom Government, and by direct procurement as follows: Small items of engineering equipment 35,000 Signal equipment 62,000 Medical and dental equipment, including water purification testing equipment 10,000 \ Other miscellaneous equipment 20,000 / ...
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XI. Stationery and office supplies $ 80,000 This estimate covers rental and maintenance of office equipment, purchase of stationery, office supplies and internal reproduction supplies and the cost of printing oZ forms, cards and manuals.
XII. Operational supplies $ 2,012,000 This estimate is based on the actual cost of local procurement and the estimated cost of procurement abroad. It includes a great variety of technical, / general and defence supplies such as tents, fencing, cots, blankets, tools, medical and dental supplies and ammunition.
XIII.Food supplies for military personnel $ 4,410,000 During the first weeks of the operation troops were fed by draWing on 300,000 emergency rations procured from the United States Government, supplemented in certain instances by additional provisions, at a total cost of $690,000 at the rate of $2.30 per ration. From approximately the beginning of the current
year normal rations procured locally and overseas were utilized. The 300 1000 emergency rations mentioned above would have served for 6,000 men for fif·cy days from 11 November to 31 December' 1956. As the Force was not up to its full strength during that period, however, it is estimated that approximately one month's emergency rations remain in reserve. The normal rations for the current year have been calculated on the 'oasis of $2.00 per day for 6,000 men until the end of October and 5,500 men thereafter, amounting to a total of $4,320,000. For purposes of che estimate this amount has been reduced by 10 per cent to allow for economies which it is hoped it will be possible to effect. A further deduction of $168,000 has been made for rations consumed by members of the Force while on leave at the leave centres and for which provision is made in chapter IV, leaving a final estimate of $3,720,000 for normal rations. In considering the level of the daily rate of $2 per man, the nature, size and composition of the Force, as well as its location, should be taken into account. The presence of various national groups requires special attention to national dietetic requirements. Moreover, the bulk of the provisions have to be imported, as only a limited number of items are availa'ole locally.
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XIV. Communications services (Telephone, telegraph, .I wireless, teletype communications and postage) $ 150,000 ;' This estimate consists of the following:
(i) Commercial telephone charges· in Egypt, Naples and New York and cable and telegraph forwarding charges to points not serviced by the UN network. Of this amount $58,000 is the direct additional contractual cost involved in placing the radio link between New York and Geneva on an emergency 24-hour basis. It is hoped to reduce this expenditure by such reductions of the 24-hour basis as circumstances may allow n8,000 (i1) Mail and postage to countries of participating contingents 32,000
XV. Freight, cartage and express and air freight $ 1,023,000 This provision consists of the following: (i) Commercial sea and air shipments from Headquarters to Italy and from Europe to Egypt, including related handling charges 923 ,000 (ii) Transportation and handling costs of military equipment from ports of entry in the mission area to camp locations as well as movements between camp locations 100,000 Extensive use of railroads for extended distances is required since the Gaza harbour is not equipped for freight handling and the ports of Beirut and Port Said have to be utilized.
XVI. Miscellaneous supplies and services $ 609,000 (i) Flags, newspapers, periodicals and $ other related items 45,000 (ii) The cost of uniforms and clothing for military personnel and Field Service including winter and summer uniforms for 50 Field Service personnel at $200 per set, and summer lli1iforms for the military personnel 200,000
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~ g _ -IIIIIIi>,i11 ~... -'71 A/3694 English Annex Page 10 $ (iii) Contractual maintenance costs in connexion with uniforms and personal equipment of the Force, including cobbling, tailoring, laundering and barbering services) at the rate of $47 per member 280,000 (iv) M[scellaneous items, such as contractual services as may be required for the transportation of deceased personnel from the mission area to the home country, supplies and services for the photographing of personnel for identification cards 10JOOO (v) Contractual services to be incurred through the Department of Public Information 25,000 The latter estimate includes personal services and production expenses for radio, photographic and motion picture services, radio circuits to and from Cairo, tapes, recordings, films, photographic supplies, music and distribution costs. (vi) Production of medals and ribbons which may be authorized in connexion with UNEF service 15,000 (vtL). Rental of vehicles for local transportation between various operational centres in Egypt and in Naples area 34,000
XVII. Insurance $ 175,000 This estimate covers: (i) ~e commercial insurance policy costing $110,000 in respect of the trocps during the period 12 November to 20 December 1956 (ii) Certain third-party vehicular coverage to be carried in Naples (iii) Certain protective cargo marine insurance where a vital necessity exists because of the perishable nature of cargoes, and rrUscellaneous insurance premiums
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XVIII. External audit costs $ 4,000
XIX. Contingencies and unforeseen e~enditures $ 1)000,000 This estimate seeks to provide for the following: (i) Expenditure which is foreseen) but cannot be calculated .with any precision at present. Among these items is the rotation of the Canadian contingent (ii) Unforeseen expenditure, such as compensation claims and adjustments which might be presented, as well as ex gratia payments which may be required (iii) The cost ·of obligations already incurred) but which are in the process of verification and review before an allocation to the appropriate sections of the estimates can be made.
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UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY FORCE MANNING TABLE
Dete.il from Number of Interr:ational . Headg,uarters posts Functional title recruit or Geneva :MIDDLE EAST 1 Commander 1 1 Chief Administrative Officer 1 1 Senior Legal Officer 1 1 Chief Finance Officer 1 1 Chief Supply Officer 1 6 Administrative Officers 2 4 2 Information Officers 2 1 Welfare Officer 1 1 Food Supervisor 1 23 General Service Staff 23 59 Field Service Personnel 59 4 93
NAPLES
2 Administrative Officers 2 6 General Service Staff 6 4 Field Service Personnel 4 12