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Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database

Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature

Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia

Jahr/Year: 2006

Band/Volume: 0019

Autor(en)/Author(s): Wheeler Alfred G., Henry Thomas J., Hoebeke E. Richard

Artikel/Article: Palearctic Bugs (, ) in Newfoundland, Canada: First North American Records for longipennis FLOR and cinnamopterus (KIRSCHBAUM), New Records of Eight Other , and Review of Previously Reported Species 997-1014 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

Palearctic Plant Bugs (Hemiptera, Miridae) in Newfoundland, Canada: First North American Records for Phytocoris longipennis FLOR and (KIRSCHBAUM), New Records of Eight Other Species, and Review of Previously Reported Species1

A.G. WHEELER, Jr., T.J. HENRY & E.R. HOEBEKE

Abstract: Phytocoris longipennis FLOR and Pilophorus cinnamopterus (KIRSCHBAUM) are reported from Newfoundland, Canada, as the first Nearctic records of these Palearctic mirids. Diagnoses and descrip- tions are provided to facilitate their recognition in the North American fauna. Also reported as new to Newfoundland are eight Palearctic mirids recorded from other Canadian provinces: mali (MEYER-DÜR), Melanotrichus flavosparsus (C.R. SAHLBERG), LINNAEUS, P. ulmi LINNAE- US, Pilophorus clavatus (LINNAEUS), rubricatus (FALLÉN), vitellinus (SCHOLTZ), and lepidus FIEBER. We review for all 10 species their distribution, host , and seasonal history in the Palearctic Region; for each of the eight species known previously from North America, we cite the first Nearctic record and summarize the North American distribution and information on biology. We also list the 33 Palearctic species recorded previously from the island and include the earliest record from Newfoundland and distributional status – that is, whether a species has been accidentally intro- duced or is naturally Holarctic. The addition of 10 mirid species considered to have been introduced with commerce gives Newfoundland the highest proportion of non-native plant bugs (28.6 % of 91 spp.) of any Canadian province.

Key words: , host plants, Insecta, immigrant , new records.

Introduction and collision (ROGERSON 1983). Because it lies in a region crucial to an understanding Newfoundland is an island of about of biotic relationships between and 106,000 km2 in the North Atlantic at the North America, the island is of biogeo- mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It lies at graphic interest. Its original biota was most- the same latitude as northern France and ly eradicated during the Pleistocene glacia- represents the easternmost extension of tions (SOUTH 1983), although some species North America. Politically, it became, with survived in Late Wisconsin coastal refugia, Labrador, Canada’s tenth province in 1949 or ice-free areas (LINDROTH 1957; (SOUTH 1983). The provincial name offi- MATTHEWS 1979; PIELOU 1991). An analysis cially became Newfoundland and Labrador of the faunas of Newfoundland in December 2001. and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, sug- The island of Newfoundland formed gests that an offshore refugium on the St. during the Paleozoic from continental drift Pierre banks (near St. Pierre and Miquelon) Denisia 19, zugleich Kataloge 1We are pleased to be part of the Ernst Heiss Festschrift and dedicate this paper to him in honor of his contributions der OÖ. Landesmuseen to our knowledge of Palearctic Heteroptera, especially systematics of the . Neue Serie 50 (2006), 997–1014

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Fig. 1: Map of Newfoundland with Avalon Peninsula highlighted. Inset shows Newfoundland and Labrador in relation to Quebec and the other Atlantic Provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) and a portion of the northeastern United States (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont).

provided an invasion route for the coloniza- (LINDROTH 1957, 1963; LARSON & LANGOR tion of Newfoundland (HAMILTON & LAN- 1982; MORRIS 1983; HAMILTON & LANGOR GOR 1987). The present biota is composed 1987; WHEELER & HOEBEKE 2005). of species that arrived either through colo- From the seventeenth to the late nine- nization or accidental or intentional intro- teenth century, litter- and soil-inhabiting ductions (SOUTH 1983). The terrestrial in- , such as centipeds, millipeds, sect fauna is characterized by postglacial im- isopods, and carabids, became inadvertent migrants from the mainland, including a immigrants with ballast aboard ships sailing Holarctic element, with certain species ex- to North America from European ports, es- hibiting a circumpolar distribution, as well pecially those in southwestern England. Bal- as a striking preponderance of European last material, consisting of soil, gravel, sand, species that have been accidentally intro- bricks, and mortar, was needed to stabilize duced (LINDROTH 1957; LINDBERG 1958; ships that could not be fully loaded with MORRIS 1983; LANGOR 2004). The Palearc- goods, owing to the small populations in tic element is concentrated on the eastern Newfoundland, elsewhere in Atlantic Avalon Peninsula in the southeast, especial- Canada, and the northeastern United States ly in and near the port city of St. John’s (LINDROTH 1957; SAILER 1978, 1983).

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During the era of sailing ships, the in- We report herein ten species of Palearc- troduction of insects with plant material tic Miridae, or plant bugs, not previously was a relatively unimportant pathway of en- known from Newfoundland, emphasizing try into North America. In the 1840s, how- two species – Phytocoris longipennis FLOR and ever, the advent of steam ships decreased Pilophorus cinnamopterus (KIRSCHBAUM) – travel times and allowed growing, rather that represent new records for North Amer- than dormant, plants to survive long sea ica. We also give records of eight additional voyages (SAILER 1978, 1983; WHEELER & mirids that are new to the Newfoundland HENRY 1992). A few years earlier, develop- fauna and list the Palearctic mirids previ- ment of the Wardian case, essentially a ously reported from the island. miniature greenhouse or terrarium, also fa- cilitated the movement of living plants Terminology (LEMMON 1968; ETTER 1973). Tens of mil- lions of seedlings and other types of plant Holarctic: The word Holarctic has been material, often of inferior quality and used to refer to species present in the infested, arrived at North American ports Palearctic and Nearctic Regions as the re- (WHEELER & HOEBEKE 2001). Even after sult of either a natural distribution pattern Canada (1910) and the United States or an intentional or unintentional introduc- (1912) adopted legislation restricting the tion with commerce. Holarctic in the latter free movement of plants (HOWARD 1930; sense was used by BENSON (1962) in dis- RIEGERT 1980), scale insects (Coccoidea), cussing sawfly distributions and WHEELER & (), (Cicadelli- HENRY (1992) in treating the Miridae com- dae), plant bugs (Miridae), moths (particu- mon to the Palearctic and Nearctic Regions. Fig. 2: Phytocoris longipennis FLOR. larly Lymantriidae), and insects of certain Biogeographers, however, often restrict the other groups continued to be introduced term to species that are genuinely or natu- with nursery stock and become established rally Holarctic (SLATER 1993). In the pres- in North America (e.g., MARLATT 1911; ent paper, we use Holarctic in this more re- SAILER 1978, 1983; HAMILTON 1983; strictive sense. WHEELER & HOEBEKE 2001). Non-Native: Terminology pertaining to Since the 1970s, we have been interest- the concept of “not native“ has not been ed in the detection, identification, and standardized. Species not native to a region spread of Eurasian insects in North Ameri- have been termed adventive, alien, exotic, ca. Two of us (E.R.H. and A.G.W.), since foreign, immigrant, invasive, non-indige- 1993, have made nine trips to the Atlantic nous, and non-native (WHEELER & HOEBEKE Provinces of Canada to detect non-native 2001). Numerous other adjectives also have insects not recorded previously from North been applied to species that are not native America or those of limited known North (COLAUTTI & MACISAAC 2004). Ecologists American distribution. We have collected frequently misuse the various terms in stud- mainly in and around the principal ports of ies of non-native species (BINGGELI 1994). Halifax, Nova Scotia, and St. John’s, New- COLAUTTI & MACISAAC (2004) argued for foundland, through which numerous the adoption of neutral terminology to refer Palearctic insects have entered (BROWN to “invasive“ species, emphasizing that 1940, 1950, 1967; LINDROTH 1957; HAMIL- terms commonly used in the ecological lit- TON 1983; MAJKA & KLIMASZEWSKI 2004; erature are subjective and tend to cloud the WHEELER & HOEBEKE 2004, 2005). Our col- consideration of theoretical issues. Here we lecting complements the activities of the Bi- use alien, introduced, and non-native syn- ological Survey of Canada, which, since onymously to refer to mirids that are not na- 1977, has supported an inventory of the in- tive to Newfoundland. We acknowledge sect fauna of Newfoundland. Since 1998, that the term introduced sometimes is re- the documentation of terrestrial species has served for species that are deliberately or in- been emphasized (LANGOR 2004). tentionally introduced, for example, in bio- logical control or for other purposes (FRANK & MCCOY 1990).

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Material and Methods description, and summary of the biology. The eight species that represent new records We (E.R.H. & A.G.W.) collected plant for Newfoundland were discussed in a re- bugs on the eastern Avalon Peninsula of view of Holarctic Miridae or Old World Newfoundland (Fig. 1) from 9. to 15. July mirids accidentally introduced into North 2004 and 5. to 11. August 2005, concentrat- America (WHEELER & HENRY 1992). Back- ing on the St. John’s area. Few adult mirids ground information provided for the eight were present in mid-July 2004. All records additional species includes a summary of the of species new to Newfoundland are based Palearctic range, first Nearctic record, sub- on our August collections; adults of the few sequent North American records, and Palearctic mirids we collected in 2004 rep- overview of the biology. Palearctic Miridae resented species previously reported from previously recorded from Newfoundland (33 Newfoundland. The identity of Phytocoris species), both unintentionally introduced ulmi LINNAEUS and Psallus lepidus FIEBER, (16) and naturally Holarctic (17), are listed whose larvae were observed in 2004, could in a table that also includes the 10 newly de- not be confirmed until we collected adults tected species. Complete lists of synonymy of both species in 2005. Species not record- and other taxonomic literature are in the ed in the most recent checklist of Canadian catalogs by CARVALHO (1958, 1959), SCHUH Hemiptera (MAW et al. 2000), additions by (1995), and KERZHNER & JOSIFOV (1999). BARNES et al. (2000), or the updated list of Newfoundland Miridae (D.J. LARSON, per- sonal communication, 2005) are considered Species New to North America new to the island. Phytocoris longipennis FLOR 1861 Geographic coordinates for our collecting () (Fig. 2) sites in Newfoundland are listed below and are not repeated under Material Examined: Diagnosis: Phytocoris longipennis is dis- tinguished from all other North American Bay Bulls ...... 47°18.5’N, 52°48.5’W species of Phytocoris by the elongate, slender Carbonear, College of the North Atlantic body (length about 4 times basal width of campus ...... 47°44.2’N, 53°14.0’W pronotum); mostly pale lower half of the St. Johns head; black bar across the middle of the Bowring Park . . .47°31.6’N, 52°45.3’W clypeus; three to four transverse dark lines Elizabeth Street at Freshwater across the frons; dark pronotum with only Street ...... 47°33.8’N, 52°44.4’W the calli pale; the second and third antennal Harbour Drive . .47°33.7’N, 52°42.6’W segments having only a narrow pale annulus Memorial University at the base of each; conspurcate hemelytral campus ...... 47°34.4’N, 52°43.8’W membrane; the male genital capsule lacking Quidi Vidi Park .47°35.1’N, 52°40.8’W a tubercle; and male parameres and sclero- Thorburn Road .47°33.9’N, 52°45.8’W tized process of the vesica with parallel ser- Mirids were collected by beating the rate edges limited to the distal half (See branches of trees and shrubs over a shallow WAGNER 1974a: 171, figs 131a, b). insect net or using the net to sweep herba- In the North American literature, it keys ceous vegetation. Specimens were hand- to Phytocoris Species Group I in KNIGHT’s picked from the net with plastic vials or col- (1923) “Miridae of Connecticut“ based on lected into killing bottles charged with eth- the conspurcate hemelytral membrane, and yl acetate. All Miridae were determined by roughly to the Palearctic P. dimidiatus T.J.H. Voucher material is deposited in the KIRSCHBAUM based on the slender first an- Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, tennal segment, the chiefly white lower half Ontario; Cornell University Insect Collec- of the head, the dark bar across the middle of tion, Ithaca, New York; and National Muse- the clypeus, the dark second and third an- um of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- tennal segments with a pale annulus at the tion, Washington, D.C. base of each, the lack of a longitudinal black For the two species new to North Amer- vitta on the hemelytron, and the genital ica, we include a taxonomic diagnosis and capsule lacking an erect tubercle above the

1000 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at left paramere (P. longipennis has a flattened, with a dark angled spot and a large pale somewhat recurved tubercle well above the blotch beyond; cuneus pale on basal third, left paramere). If “lower half of head black- mottled dark brown distally; membrane ish without clearly marked white areas...“ in pale, translucent, yellowish brown, veins couplet 11 is chosen, it will run to P. cortice- brown, conspurcate or with scattered fine vivens KNIGHT. It is distinguished from P. cor- brown spots, especially around margins and ticevivens and P. dimidiatus by the more slen- inside cells (areoles). Ventral surface: Tho- der body, lack of a pale band through the racic pleura dark brown, white on lower middle of antennal segment II, distinctly third, sometimes with a pale line through pale quadrate area around the calli, and middle of upper two thirds, thoracic sterna shape of the sclerotized process of the vesica. largely whitish or pale yellowish brown, os- tiolar auricle whitish; abdomen dark brown. In STONEDAHL (1988), P. longipennis Legs: Coxae whitish or pale yellowish would key to his P. tiliae group containing brown; femora pale yellowish brown, heavi- the Palearctic P. dimidiatus, P. populi (LIN- ly mottled with dark brown on distal two NAEUS), and P. tiliae (FABRICIUS) if it had a third to three quarters; fore and middle tibi- pale median annulus on antennal segment ae pale with three dark bands and two pale II. Instead, however, it keys to the P. junceus bands, hind tibia pale with dark mottling group, containing 17 indigenous North forming three indistinct dark bands. American species. Female (n=5): Length 6.32-6.64 mm, Description: Male (n= 10): Length width 2.20-2.40 mm. Head: Width across 6.66-6.72 mm, width 1.84-2.08 mm. Head: eyes 0.98-1.04 mm, vertex width 0.38-0.40 Width across eyes 1.00-1.08 mm, width of mm. Labium: Length 2.80-2.84 mm, ex- vertex 0.22-0.24 mm; pale yellowish brown, tending nearly to base of ovipositor. Anten- with three to four narrow transverse dark na: Segment I, length 1.48-1.56 mm; II lines on frons, ventral surface mostly white 2.88-3.20 mm; III 1.56-1.84 mm; IV 1.04- or yellowish white with buccula, a wide 1.16 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.96-1.06 mm, band through lorum, and base and bar basal width 1.72-1.84 mm. Similar to male through middle of clypeus dark brown; with in size and coloration, with only a propor- relatively long, erect and suberect, pale, tionally broader width across the hemelytra simple setae. Labium: Length 2.52-2.60 and vertex. mm, extending beyond hind coxae to third or fourth abdominal segment. : Distribution: This mirine plant bug, Segment I, length 1.40-1.52 mm, dark with widely distributed in the Palearctic Region numerous pale spots; II 2.88-3.12 mm, dark (EHANNO 1987b; KERZHNER & JOSIFOV brown, becoming more fuscous distally, with 1999), is reported here from Newfoundland a narrow white band at base; III 1.60-1.72 as the first record for the Nearctic Region. mm, fuscous, with a narrow white band at Palearctic Range: In Europe, P. longipen- base; IV 1.24-1.28 mm, uniformly fuscous. nis ranges from Great Britain, Fennoscandia, Pronotum: Length 0.88-0.96 mm, basal and Russia (Central, North, and South Eu- width 1.56-1.72 mm; dark brown to fuscous, ropean Territories) south to Spain, , and with narrow posterior edge and calli pale Bulgaria (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). In yellowish brown, subposterior margin scal- the Mediterranean Region, it is found most- loped with fuscous, especially noticeable on ly in the mountains (WAGNER 1974a). Its paler specimens; with semierect pale or Asian distribution includes China (North- white simple setae, intermixed with semi- ern and Northwestern Territories), Japan, erect, black, nearly bristlelike setae. Meso- Korea, and Russia (East and Far scutum: Largely pale brown to pale yellow- East) (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). ish brown, with a dark brown spot at lateral angles. Scutellum: Equilateral, largely pale Host Plants and Habits: Like many oth- brown to pale yellowish brown, distal half er species of Phytocoris, P. longipennis is arbo- with an elongate dark spot on either side of real and predacious on small arthropods pale median line. Hemelytron: Pale brown, (WAGNER & WEBER 1964; WAGNER 1974a; heavily mottled with dark brown, apical half STONEDAHL 1988; WHEELER 2001).

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Palearctic Observations: Larvae and This species keys to Pilophorus cin- adults are found on the branches and trunks namopterus in KNIGHT’s (1923) “Miridae of of deciduous trees and shrubs. In Great Connecticut“ based on the polished posteri- Britain, P. longipennis lives mainly on species or area of the dark cinnamon-brown heme- of Corylus, Crataegus, and Quercus (BUTLER lytron, lack of bristlelike setae on the cori- 1923; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959). Other um, and dark third antennal segment. Ap- host genera include Acer, Alnus, Betula, Fa- parently, KNIGHT (1923) included P. cin- gus, , Malus, Platanus, , namopterus in his key based only on compar- Prunus, Salix, and (e.g., BUTLER 1923; ison with Palearctic specimens because he SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; EHANNO neither included a description in the text 1987a; TODO & YASUNAGA 1996; FRIESS nor gave any specific records as he did for 2000). Collections of adults from conifers other included species of Pilophorus. likely represent incidental occurrences; In SCHUH & SCHWARTZ’s (1988) revi- REUTER (1909) did not include P. longipennis sion, P. cinnamopterus keys to P. tibialis VAN among Heteroptera characteristic of DUZEE if the third antennal segment is inter- Palearctic conifers. Adults are present from preted as uniformly dark, or to P. americanus mid-July to October in the British Isles POPPIUS, if the third antennal segment is (SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959) and early considered pale proximally and dark distally. Fig. 3: Pilophorus cinnamopterus July to mid-October in France, where the (KIRSCHBAUM). It can be distinguished from either of these overwintered eggs of this univoltine bug two western U. S. species by the lack of hatch in late June or early July (EHANNO black bristlelike setae on the corium. In ad- 1987a). The relatively few prey records for dition, the vesica differs from either species P. longipennis include predatory (Phy- in being generally more slender, especially toseiidae) on trees (KRÄMER 1961). the distal process. The vesical spine is simi- Nearctic Observations: Most European lar to one of three figured by SCHUH & arboreal insects that become established in SCHWARTZ (1988: fig.13d) for P. americanus. North America colonize the same Holarctic The vesica of our specimens is more similar genera that they feed on in Europe (MATT- to that figured by WAGNER (1974b, fig. SON et al. 1994; NIEMELÄ & MATTSON 1996). 558h), although our material clearly pos- Such is true for the predacious P. longipennis sesses a lateral vesical spine (omitted in in Newfoundland, where we collected it from WAGNER’s illustration). species of Acer, Fraxinus, Malus, Populus, Description: Male (n=2): Length 4.20- Tilia, and Ulmus, in addition to conifers (see 4.28 mm, width 1.62-1.70 mm. Head: Material Examined for specific hosts). Width across eyes 1.06-1.10 mm, width of Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. vertex 0.50-0.52 mm; fuscous to black, with John’s, Bowring Park, 6. & 9. Aug. 2005, 2==, 1Y a few scattered pale, recumbent, simple se- ex Acer rubrum; 2==, 1Y ex Fraxinus excelsior; tae. Labium: Length 1.68-1.74 mm, extend- == Y = 2 , 1 ex Picea pungens; 1 ex Populus tremu- ing to bases of hind coxae. Antenna: Seg- = == Y loides; 1 ex Tilia sp.; 2 , 1 ex Ulmus glabra; ment I length 0.34-0.36 mm, pale brown to 2==, 5YY (no host). St. John’s, Memorial Uni- pale reddish brown; II 1.54-1.62 mm, dark versity campus, 7. & 10. Aug. 2005, 2==, 1Y ex reddish brown, becoming fuscous on distal Malus sp.; 1= ex Pinus sylvestris; 1=, 1Y (no host). third, gradually swollen to apex; III 0.56 mm Pilophorus cinnamopterus (one missing), fuscous, with a narrow red- (KIRSCHBAUM 1856) () (Fig. 3) dish-brown band at base; IV 0.50 mm (one Diagnosis: Pilophorus cinnamopterus is missing), whitish, with apex fuscous. Prono- distinguished from all other North Ameri- tum: Length 0.80-0.84 mm, basal width can species of Pilophorus by the dark cinna- 1.44-1.46 mm; uniformly semishiny black, mon-brown hemelytron polished over entire surface shagreened, with a few short, scat- width behind the posterior band of white tered, recumbent, golden, simple setae. scalelike setae; the lack of erect, black, Mesoscutum: Black. Scutellum: Black, with bristlelike setae on the corium; and the fus- a patch of white, scalelike setae at each cous third antennal segment with only a basal angle and a narrow band of white narrow reddish-brown band at base. scalelike setae across apex. Hemelytron:

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Ma- Figs 4-11: (4) (MEYER-DÜR); (5) Melanotrichus flavosparsus (C.R. SAHLBERG); (6) Phytocoris populi LINNAEUS; (7) LINNAEUS; (8) Pilophorus clavatus (LINNAEUS); (9) Pinalitus rubricatus (FALLÉN); (10) Plagiognathus vitellinus teri- (SCHOLTZ); (11) Psallus lepidus FIEBER.

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Uniformly dark cinnamon brown, with a Ohio record in his catalog of world Miridae. straight band of white, scalelike setae across The species thus is considered Holarctic in basal third of corium level with apex of certain European publications (e.g., BUTLER scutellum and another continuous across 1923; WAGNER & WEBER 1964; WAGNER corium and apical one fourth of clavus; area 1974b; VINOKUROV 1979). SCHUH & in front of posterior band of scalelike setae SCHWARTZ (1988), however, did not include dull, area behind band shiny. Ventral sur- P. cinnamopterus in their revision of the New face: Uniformly dark shiny brown to fus- World , HENRY & WHEELER cous. Legs: Coxa pale brown at base to uni- (1988) excluded the species from the cata- formly reddish brown; femora, tibiae, and log of North American Miridae, WHEELER tarsi reddish brown. & HENRY (1992) excluded it from their treatment of Old World mirids known from Female (n=3): Length 3.88-4.08 mm, North America, and SCHUH (1995) listed it width 1.60-1.62 mm. Head: Width across only from the Palearctic Region in his world eyes 1.10-1.12 mm, width of vertex 0.56- catalog of the Miridae. 0.58 mm. Labium: Length 1.64-1.80 mm, extending to bases of hind coxae. Antenna: Host Plants and Habits: P. cinnamopterus Segment I, length 0.34-0.36 mm; II 1.46- belongs to a mostly predacious whose 1.52 mm; III 0.56-0.58 mm; IV 0.52-0.54 species feed on aphids and other small arthro- mm. Pronotum: Length 0.74-0.76 mm, pods (WHEELER 2001). The larvae develop basal width 1.30-1.38 mm. Similar to male exclusively (or nearly so) on pines (Pinus spp.), especially P. sylvestris L. (REUTER 1909; in shape and coloration. BUTLER 1923; KULLENBERG 1944; SOUTH- Distribution: Pilophorus cinnamopterus, WOOD & LESTON 1959; EHANNO 1987a). belonging to the phyline tribe Pilophorini, Records of this species from deciduous trees is widely distributed in the Palearctic Re- (e.g., STICHEL 1933) likely are based on gion (EHANNO 1987b; KERZHNER & JOSIFOV misidentifications of P. perplexus (DOUGLAS 1999). Records from Newfoundland are the & SCOTT) or other species of the genus, or first for the Nearctic Region, all previous represent the incidental occurrence of adults North American records having been based (REUTER 1909; KULLENBERG 1944). on misidentifications (KNIGHT 1927). Palearctic Observations: Eggs of this Palearctic Range: The European range univoltine plant bug overwinter, and in extends from Great Britain, Fennoscandia, France begin to hatch in late June, with and Russia (Central, North, and South Eu- adults appearing by late July (EHANNO ropean Territories) south to Spain, Italy, 1987a). Adults are found in Sweden from , Turkey, and . The Asian dis- mid-July to early September (KULLENBERG tribution of P. cinnamopterus includes Azer- 1944) and in England from mid- or late July to late September or October (SOUTHWOOD baijan, Turkey, and Russia (East Siberia) & LESTON 1959). This omnivore, or zoophy- (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). tophage, feeds on aphids (e.g., cinarines), as Nearctic Range: We here report P. cin- well as on buds, needles, and resin from namopterus from St. John’s, Newfoundland, wounds on host pines (KULLENBERG 1944; Canada, as the first authentic Nearctic SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; STRAWIŃSKY record. The first putative record from North 1964). The antlike or myrmecomorphic lar- America (as P. bifasciatus (FABRICIUS)) was vae often are found among (e.g., that of UHLER (1886) from the “northern formicines) on pine branches and trunks states,“ which was followed by OSBORN’s (REUTER 1909; BUTLER 1923; KULLENBERG (1900) record from Ohio. VAN DUZEE 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959). This (1917) listed the Ohio record for P. cin- bug not only resembles syntopic ants in its namopterus in his catalog of North Ameri- shape and color but also in its behavior, which enhances the presumed can Hemiptera, as did BLATCHLEY (1926) in his manual of North American Heteroptera. (BUTLER 1923; KULLENBERG 1944). Despite KNIGHT’s (1927) opinion that Nearctic Observations: We collected Nearctic records of P. cinnamopterus were fifth instars and adults in Newfoundland on not valid, CARVALHO (1958) retained the an Old World pine, P. nigra ARNOLD.

1004 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at al Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. John’s, 2000, 2001). In Newfoundland, we observed Bowring Park, 6. Aug. 2005, 1= (no host). St. A. mali on ornamental crabapple (Malus John’s, Memorial University campus, 5-10 Aug. sp.) and hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) infested 2005, 3==, 4YY ex Pinus nigra; 1=, 1Y (no with the Palearctic peregrina host). (FOERSTER), a psyllid recently reported as new to eastern North America (WHEELER & Species New to Newfoundland HOEBEKE 2004). Adults of this univoltine mirid are found from late June until early Atractotomus mali (MEYER-DÜR 1843) August in Britain (SOUTHWOOD & LESTON (Phylinae) (Fig. 4) 1959). Note: STONEDAHL (1990), noting that Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. A. mali is not congeneric with the type John’s, Bowring Park, 9. Aug. 2005, 1=, 1Y ex species A. magnicornis FALLÉN, considered Crataegus sp. St. John’s, Elizabeth Street at Fresh- its status incertae sedis. Its proper generic water Street, 1Y ex Fraxinus excelsior. St. John’s, placement remains in question (KERZHNER Memorial University campus, 7. Aug. 2005, 7==, & JOSIFOV 1999). SCHWARTZ & STONEDAHL 17YY ex Malus sp., 1Y (no host). (2004) suggested A. mali and three other Melanotrichus flavosparsus (C.R. European form a monophyletic SAHLBERG 1841) () (Fig. 5) group of species which could be accommo- Note: The name flavosparsus dated by a new generic group taxon. Atrac- has been used in the European literature, in- totomus mali was misidentified from Nova cluding the most recent Palearctic catalog Scotian apple orchards as saliens (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999), and in (REUTER), as clarified by KELTON (1983b). SCHUH’s (1995) world catalog. Because This common Eurasian plant bug ranges flavosparsus (and other species of subgenus from Great Britain, Fennoscandia, and Rus- Melanotrichus) is not congeneric with the sia south to Spain, Italy, Turkey, and Israel type species O. nassatus FABRICIUS 1787, we (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). The first consider Melanotrichus generically distinct record of A. mali in North America, where and use the name M. flavosparsus. it is considered accidentally introduced This orthotyline plant bug, widespread (WHEELER & HENRY 1992), was from Nova in Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, also is Scotia (KNIGHT 1924). Subsequent Canadi- found in North and South America as the an records are from British Columbia, New result of unintentional introductions Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island (MAW (WHEELER & HENRY 1992; KERZHNER & et al. 2000). The first U.S. record – Con- JOSIFOV 1999). The first North American necticut (LEONARD 1965) – was followed by record was that of PROVANCHER (1872) (as records from Delaware, Maine, Maryland, unicolor) from Quebec, and M. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, flavosparsus since has been recorded in Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Virginia Canada from British Columbia and North- (WHEELER & HENRY 1992). west Territories east to the Atlantic Atractotomus mali overwinters as eggs, Provinces (except for Newfoundland) and larvae develop on rosaceous trees and (MAW et al. 2000). WIRTNER’s (1904) record shrubs such as species of Crataegus, Malus, from Pennsylvania (as Macrocoleus coagula- Prunus, Pyracantha, and Pyrus. On apple, de- tus) was the first for the United States. It pending on the season, prey availability, cul- now is known from Maine south to Georgia tivar, and other factors, A. mali can be a and west to California (WHEELER & HENRY of the . This omnivore, however, also 1992). can be a useful predator in apple and pear Melanotrichus flavosparsus develops on orchards. Its prey include spider mites, chenopods of the genera and aphids, psyllids, and lepidopteran larvae and , especially C. album L. (KUL- pupae (e.g., FINTESCU 1914; KULLENBERG LENBERG 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; SAN- 1959; EHANNO 1987a). Its collection from a FORD 1964; STRAWIŃSKI 1964; JONSSON polygonaceous plant (Rumex sp.) (EHANNO 1987; WHEELER &HENRY 1992; WHEELER 1987a) probably should be considered inci-

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dental. North American hosts, in addition in late spring; adults are found mainly from to C. album, include beet (Beta vulgaris L.) late July to October in Britain (BUTLER and the introduced Eurasian weed Kochia 1923; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; scoparia (L.) ROTH (WHEELER & HENRY STONEDAHL 1983). 1992; HENRY et al. 2005). In Britain, first- Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St generation adults of this bivoltine species John’s, Bowring Park, 6. Aug. 2005, 9==, 11YY appear by mid- to late June, with second- ex Acer rubrum; 1= ex Picea pungens; 1Y sweep- generation adults present from late August ing herbs; 2YY (no host). St. John’s, Memorial into September (SOUTHWOOD & LESTON University campus, 6. Aug. 2005, 1=, 1Y ex Be- 1959). Overwintering occurs as eggs insert- tula populifolia; 2==, 1Y ex Malus sp.; 2YY Y ed into stems of host chenopods (KULLEN- beating base of shrubs; 1 (no host). St. John’s, Thorburn Road, 6. Aug. 2005, 1Y ex Abies bal- BERG 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959). samea. Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. Phytocoris ulmi LINNAEUS 1758 John’s, Bowring Park, 6. & 9. Aug. 2005, 3==, 11YY, ex Chenopodium album. (Mirinae) (Fig. 7) Phytocoris ulmi is known in Europe from Phytocoris populi LINNAEUS 1758 Great Britain, Fennoscandia, and Russia (Mirinae) (Fig. 6) (Central, North, and South European Terri- Phytocoris populi is widespread in Europe, tories) south to Spain, Italy, and Bulgaria, ranging from Great Britain, Fennoscandia, and in Asia from Armenia, Azerbaijan, and and Russia (Central, North, and South Eu- Iraq. A northern African record (Algeria) is ropean Territories) south to Spain, Italy, and invalid (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). In . The only Asian records are from North America, this plant bug was known China (Northern Territory) and Russia (East only from a female collected in Nova Scotia and West Siberia and Far East) (KERZHNER (Yarmouth) in 1914 until WHEELER & HOE- & JOSIFOV 1999). STONEDAHL’s (1983) BEKE (2004) reported it from four additional records from the Pacific Northwest – British localities in Nova Scotia. Prior to the recent Columbia and Washington – were the first collections from Nova Scotia, the establish- published for P. populi in North America, al- ment of P. ulmi in North America was in though BARNES et al. (2000) later discovered doubt (WHEELER & HENRY 1992). material collected in Ontario in 1918. Sub- Larvae and adults are found mainly on sequent records, which are limited to Cana- deciduous trees and shrubs, especially da, include Manitoba and Nova Scotia hawthorns (Crataegus spp.), but they also (BARNES et al. 2000; MAW et al. 2000). can be collected from herbs (BUTLER 1923; KULLENBERG 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON In the Palearctic Region, P. populi lives 1959; WAGNER & WEBER 1964; POLLARD on the bark of deciduous trees, such as 1968; EHANNO 1987a). We collected adults species of Acer, Alnus, Fraxinus, Populus, in Newfoundland on various trees, and Pyrus, Quercus, Salix, Tilia, and Ulmus (BUT- adults and a few fifth instars from the lower LER 1923; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; branches of shrubs such as Caragana ar- TONEDAHL HANNO S 1983; E 1987a). Larvae borescens LAM. and Dasiphora floribunda and adults feed on small insects such as (PURSH) KARTESZ (=Potentilla fruticosa auct. aphids, psocids, and psyllids (SOUTHWOOD non L.) (see Material Examined for other & LESTON 1959; WAGNER & WEBER 1964). hosts). An omnivore, P. ulmi preys on mites, We collected this plant bug mainly from de- aphids, and other small arthropods in addi- ciduous trees and shrubs in Newfoundland tion to feeding on buds, unripe , and (see Material Examined); late instars and of host plants. The overwintered eggs adults (>25 individuals observed, plus exu- hatch in May, and adults of this univoltine viae) were most numerous on the main species are present from late June to Octo- branches and trunk of a red maple (Acer ber (BUTLER 1923; KULLENBERG 1944; rubrum L.) that had been severely defoliated SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; STRAWIŃSKI by a native geometrid, the elm spanworm 1964; EHANNO 1987a). (Ennomos subsignaria (HÜBNER)). Eggs of Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, Car- this univoltine mirid overwinter and hatch bonear, College of the North Atlantic campus, 8.

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Aug. 2005, 6==, 4YY ex Caragana arborescens. SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; STRAWIŃSKI St. John’s, Bowring Park, 6. & 9. Aug. 2005, 2==, 1964; WAGNER & WEBER 1964; EHANNO 10YY ex C. arborescens; 1Y ex Lonicera sp.; 1987a). (Salix spp.) are the most == YY 2 , 5 (no host). St. John’s, Elizabeth Street common hosts in Great Britain (SOUTH- at Freshwater Street, 5. Aug. 2005, 5YY ex Ame- WOOD & LESTON 1959), and our only col- lanchier sp. St. John’s, Memorial University cam- lections in Newfoundland were from Salix. pus, 5. & 7. Aug. 2005, 3== ex Cornus sp.; 1=, An omnivore, P. clavatus feeds on its host 4YY ex Dasiphora floribunda; 3YY ex Rhus sp.; plants and on aphids, scale insects, and oth- 1=, 1Y (no host). St. John’s, Quidi Vidi Park, 9. Aug. 2005, 1=, 2YY ex Salix sp. er small arthropods (ZSCHOKKE 1922; STRAWIŃSKI 1964; WHEELER 2001). The eggs Pilophorus clavatus (LINNAEUS 1767) of this univoltine species overwinter on host (Phylinae) (Fig. 8) trees, larvae are found during June and July, Found in Europe from Great Britain, and adults are present from July to Septem- Fennoscandia, and Russia (Central, North, ber (SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; EHANNO and South European Territories) south to 1987a). Spain, Italy, and Turkey, this pilophorine Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. mirid also is widespread in Asia. Asian John’s, Quidi Vidi Park, 8. & 10. Aug. 2005, 3== records include Armenia, Azerbaijan, China ex Salix sp. (Northern Territory), Georgia, Mongolia, Pinalitus rubricatus (FALLÉN 1807) Russia (East and West Siberia and Far East), (Mirinae) (Fig. 9) Syria, and Turkey (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). Most records of P. clavatus from the This Palearctic mirine is found in Eu- Nearctic Region are considered misidentifi- rope from Great Britain, Fennoscandia, and Russia (Central and North European Terri- cations of the Nearctic P. neoclavatus SCHUH tories) south to , Italy, and Bulgaria. & SCHWARTZ or other species of the genus P. rubricatus is known in northern Africa (SCHUH & SCHWARTZ 1988). FITCH (1858) from Algeria and in Asia from Kazakhstan has been credited (e.g., WHEELER & HENRY and Russia (East and West Siberia and Far 1992) with the first Nearctic record of P. East) (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). The first clavatus, listing it as clavatus from North American record (as rubrica- New York. FITCH’s (1858) record, however, tus) of this accidentally introduced bug could not be verified by SCHUH & (WHEELER & HENRY 1992) was from Penn- SCHWARTZ (1988) in their revision of the sylvania (HENRY & WHEELER 1974). The New World Pilophorini. The first Canadian only other U.S. record is from New York record, that of PROVANCHER (1887) from (WHEELER 1979; WHEELER & HENRY 1992), Quebec (as P. bifasciatus), also was not veri- and the only previous Canadian record is fied by SCHUH & SCHWARTZ (1988). Based from Nova Scotia (KELTON 1977; MAW et al. on an examination of about 9,000 speci- 2000). mens, SCHUH & SCHWARTZ (1988) found that only 26 represented P. clavatus; includ- A conifer specialist and apparently strict ed was material from Manitoba and Nova phytophage, P. rubricatus develops mainly Scotia in Canada and Colorado, Illinois, on spruces (Picea spp.) in Britain and conti- Minnesota, Montana, and New York in the nental Europe, although it also has been re- United States. The foregoing also are the ported from firs (Abies spp.) and Scots pine only North American records of P. clavatus (Pinus sylvestris) (KULLENBERG 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959; WAGNER & that SCHUH (1995) listed in his world cata- WEBER 1964; EHANNO 1987a). North log of the Miridae. MAW et al. (2000), how- American hosts are spruces such as P. abies ever, listed P. clavatus from additional Cana- (L.) H. KARST. and P. glauca (MOENCH) dian provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, VOSS, as well as balsam fir (A. balsamea (L.) Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. MILL.) and Scots pine (WHEELER & HENRY In Britain and continental Europe, P. 1992). Our collections in Newfoundland clavatus is found on deciduous trees, includ- were from white spruce, P. glauca. Overwin- ing species of Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Popu- tering occurs as eggs inserted into the nee- lus, Quercus, Salix, and Tilia (BUTLER 1923; dles of conifers, larvae are found during May

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and June, and adults are present from late found on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii June or early July through September in (MIRB.) FRANCO) in the United States, in Britain (SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959); addition to species of Abies, Larix, and Picea adults do not appear in Sweden until mid- (WHEELER & HENRY 1992; SCHUH 2001). to late July (KULLENBERG 1944). EHANNO The eggs overwinter, and adults of this uni- (1987a) suggested that P. rubricatus might voltine bug are present from late June until be bivoltine in France, but it apparently is early August in Britain (SOUTHWOOD & LE- univoltine in Sweden and England (KUL- STON 1959). LENBERG 1944; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. 1959). John’s, Memorial University campus, 5. & 7. Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, Bay Aug. 2005, 2==, 8YY ex Picea glauca; 3YY (no Bulls, 10. Aug. 2005, 1=, 4YY ex Picea glauca. host). St. John’s, Thorburn Road., 6. Aug. 2005, Carbonear, College of the North Atlantic cam- 8==, 10YY ex Picea glauca. pus, 8. Aug. 2005, 6==, 11YY ex P. glauca. St. Psallus lepidus FIEBER 1858 (Phylinae) John’s, Memorial University campus, 5. Aug. (Fig. 11) 2005, 17==, 21YY ex P. glauca. Psallus lepidus is widespread in Europe, Plagiognathus vitellinus (SCHOLTZ ranging from Great Britain, Fennoscandia, 1847) (Phylinae) (Fig. 10) and Russia (North and South European Ter- Note: This species was placed in the ritories) south to Spain, Italy, and Turkey. In genus Parapsallus WAGNER in the Palearctic Asia, it is known from Armenia and Azer- catalog (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999) but was baijan (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999). KELTON returned to Plagiognathus FIEBER by SCHUH (1983a) gave Nova Scotia and Prince Ed- (2001) in his revision of New World Pla- ward Island as the first North American giognathus. records; Massachusetts was the first U.S. Plagiognathus vitellinus is known in Eu- record (WHEELER & HOEBEKE 1990). No fur- rope from Great Britain, Finland, Sweden, ther North American records have been and Russia (North European Territory) published. south to Italy and Bulgaria. Its Asian distri- European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is bution is limited to Korea and Russia (East the principal European and North American Siberia and Far East). The record from host (BUTLER 1923; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON northern Africa (Algeria) is erroneous 1959; KELTON 1983a; WHEELER & HOEBEKE (KERZHNER OSIFOV & J 1999). It has been in- 1990). Fraxinus angustifolia VAHL has been troduced into North America with conifer recorded as a host plant in France (EHANNO nursery stock (WHEELER & HENRY 1992). 1987a) and the United States, where anoth- Since its detection in Pennsylvania (HENRY er European species, F. pallisae WILLM., also & WHEELER 1973), P. vitellinus has been was a host (WHEELER & HOEBEKE 1990). Lar- recorded from Maine south to Virginia and val feeding can result in the discoloration of West Virginia (WHEELER & HENRY 1992) ash fruits, or samaras, which typically also and west to Iowa (SCHUH 2001). The first become spotted with the bugs’ dark excre- published Canadian record – Ontario (HEN- ment (WHEELER & HOEBEKE 1990; WHEELER RY & WHEELER 1979) – was followed by 2001: pl. 16). This phytophagous mirid prob- records from Nova Scotia and Quebec ably is an ash specialist, with collections (BARNES et al. 2000, MAW et al. 2000). from other plant genera representing inci- BARNES et al. (2000), based on an examina- dental adult occurrences (BUTLER 1923, tion of Canadian insect collections, report- WHEELER & HOEBEKE 1990). Eggs overwin- ed an earlier collection from Ontario, dating ter on host trees, and, in England, adults are from 1961. present from mid-May to September (BUT- In Great Britain, this phyline is found LER 1923; SOUTHWOOD & LESTON 1959). most often on spruces (Picea spp.) and less Although the possibility of bivoltinism was commonly on larches (Larix spp.) (SOUTH- suggested for P. lepidus in England (SOUTH- WOOD & LESTON 1959). EHANNO (1987a) WOOD & LESTON 1959), this phyline plant also listed it from fir (Abies sp.) and pine bug appears to be univoltine (EHANNO (Pinus sp.) in France. P. vitellinus has been 1987a; WHEELER & HOEBEKE 1990).

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Tab. 1: Palearctic Miridae in Newfoundland, Miridae Species Distributional First Reference including species recorded previously and status2 record3 the 10 species listed herein (boldface type) Subfamily Mirinae as new records. Species are listed alphabetically by subfamily Tribe and tribe, with the names of higher taxa lineolatus (GOEZE) I “2000“ MAW et al. 2000 also arranged alphabetically. The spelling of (LINNAEUS) I 1949 LINDBERG 1958 certain names (e.g., (GMELIN) I 1930 WHEELER & HENRY 1992 norwegicus, rather than C. norvegicus) pabulinus (LINNAEUS) H? 1949 LINDBERG 1958 follows WHEELER (2001: Tab. 2.1). (FALLÉN) I? “2000“ MAW et al. 2000 (ZETTTERSTEDT) H “1998“ SCHWARTZ & FOOTTIT 1998 Material Examined: Canada: Newfoundland, St. contaminatus (FALLÉN) I? “1971“ KELTON 1971b John’s, Bowring Park, 6. & 9. Aug. 2005, 6==, Phytocoris longipennis FLOR I 2005 Present paper 13YY ex Fraxinus excelsior. St. John’s, Elizabeth Phytocoris populi (LINNAEUS) I 2005 Present paper Street at Freshwater Street, 5. Aug. 2005, 7==, Phytocoris ulmi (LINNAEUS) I 2005 Present paper 14YY ex Fraxinus excelsior. St. John’s, Harbour Pinalitus rubricatus (FALLÉN) I 2005 Present paper Drive, 7. Aug. 2005, 3==, 5YY ex Fraxinus ex- unifasciatus (FABRICIUS) H 1980 SCHWARTZ et al. 1991 celsior. binotatus (FABRICIUS) I “2000“ MAW et al. 2000 Tribe Species Reported Previously dolabrata (LINNAEUS) I 19304 LINDBERG 1958 from Newfoundland recticornis (GEOFFROY) I 1967 WHEELER & HENRY 1992 maerkelii (HERRICH-SCHAEFFER) I 1951 LINDBERG 1958 Table 1 lists the 43 Palearctic Miridae trispinosa REUTER H 1949 LINDBERG 1958 now known to occur in Newfoundland: 33 caricis KIRKALDY H “1966“ KELTON 1966 species reported previously, plus the 10 Teratocoris paludum J. SAHLBERG H 1949 LINDBERG 1958 species we report as new to the island. Teratocoris saundersi DOUGLAS & SCOTT H 1951 LINDBERG 1958

Chlamydatus pullus (REUTER), recorded caelestialium (KIRKALDY) H? “2000“ MAW et al. 2000 5 from Newfoundland and elsewhere in Cana- Trigonotylus viridis (PROVANCHER) H “1971“ KELTON 1971a Subfamily Orthotylinae da by KELTON (1965) and retained in the Tribe checklist of Canadian Hemiptera (MAW et apterus (LINNAEUS) I 1985 BARNES et al. 2000 al. 2000), is excluded from Table 1. SCHUH coriaceus (FABRICIUS) I 1985 BARNES et al. 2000 & SCHWARTZ (2005) considered most, and (HAHN) I 1925 BARNES et al. 2000 perhaps all, of KELTON’s (1965) records of Tribe this phyline to be based on misidentifica- angulatus (FALLÉN) I 1984 BARNES et al. 2000 tions; they recorded true C. pullus only from caricis (FALLÉN) H 1949 LINDBERG 1958 Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon Territo- Melanotrichus flavosparsus ry in Canada. The Nearctic status of the (C.R. SAHLBERG) I 2005 Present paper Subfamily Phylinae Palearctic C. pulicarius (FALLÉN) also has Tribe Leucophoropterini been uncertain. KELTON (1980) doubted the pygmaeus (ZETTERSTEDT) H “1980“ KELTON 1980 validity of North American records, and Tribe Phylini Atractotomus magnicornis (FALLÉN) I 1980 BARNES et al. 2000 2 H: naturally Holarctic; I: accidentally introduced. “Atractotomus“mali (MEYER-DÜR) I 2005 Present paper 3 When an earlier collection has been published sub- 6 sequent to the first published record, a reference to pulicarius (FALLÉN) H 1949 SCHUH & SCHWARTZ 2005 the original publication is provided in a footnote; a Chlamydatus wilkinsoni year in quotation marks is the year of publication (DOUGLAS & SCOTT) H 1979 SCHUH & SCHWARTZ 2005 when an actual date is not given. decolor (FALLÉN) I 1984 BARNES et al. 2000 4WHEELER & HENRY (1992) overlooked LINDBERG’s molliculus (FALLÉN) I 1980 BARNES et al. 2000 (1958) record. 5WHEELER & HENRY (1992) discussed the identity of Monosynamma bohemanni (FALLÉN) H “1917“ KNIGHT 1917 this species in North America and its confusion (FABRICIUS) I 1982 BARNES et al. 2000 with T. ruficornis (GEOFFROY). Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (WOLFF) I 19257 BARNES et al. 2000 6On the basis of KELTON (1980), WHEELER & HENRY (1992) excluded this species from their treatment of Plagiognathus vitellinus (SCHOLTZ) I 2005 Present paper Palearctic Miridae known from North America; see Psallus aethiops (ZETTERSTEDT)8 H 1954 SCHWARTZ & KELTON 1990 SCHUH & SCHWARTZ (2005) for taxonomic clarifi- cation. Psallus lepidus FIEBER I 2005 Present paper 7LINDBERG (1958) recorded a 1949 collection from Tribe Pilophorini St. John’s. Pilophorus cinnamopterus 8 Psallus drakei KNIGHT 1923, described from New (KIRSCHBAUM) I 2005 Present paper York and Alberta, is considered a synonym Pilophorus clavatus (LINNAEUS) I 2005 Present paper (SCHWARTZ & KELTON 1990).

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WHEELER & HENRY (1992) thus omitted C. On the basis of the MAW et al. (2000) pulicarius from their treatment of Old World checklist and D.J. Larson’s unpublished ad- Miridae known from North America. In ditions, SCUDDER & FOOTTIT (2006) point- their generic review, SCHUH & SCHWARTZ ed out that the percentage of alien or non- (2005) considered C. pulicarius to be widely native Miridae in Newfoundland was 19.8 distributed in North America and included % (16 of 81 spp.), which was the same per- records from Newfoundland. All specimens centage that alien mirids represent in the of Chlamydatus that we collected in New- Nova Scotian fauna (39 of 197 spp.). Prince foundland were those of C. pulicarius. We, Edward Island, with 23.3 % of its Miridae therefore, include this species in Table 1. considered non-native (21 of 90 spp.), had the highest percentage of aliens among Discussion Canadian provinces (SCUDDER & FOOTTIT 2006). The addition of the 10 species re- Our records of Phytocoris longipennis, P. ported herein, all of which appear to have populi, and P. ulmi increase the number of been accidentally introduced, now gives Phytocoris species known from Newfoundland Newfoundland the highest percentage – from two (MAW et al. 2000; SCUDDER & 28.6 % (26 of 91 spp.) – of non-native FOOTTIT 2006) to five. Phytocoris, with about mirids. The percentage would be even high- 650 described species worldwide (SCHUH er (30.8 %) if the two species listed in Tab. 1995; SCHUH & SLATER 1995), is by far the 1 as questionably introduced are considered largest mirid genus. Our records of Pilophorus non-native. Newfoundland already has been cinnamopterus and P. clavatus are the first shown to harbor the world’s largest propor- species for Newfoundland in this Holarctic tion (17 %) of non-native leafhoppers, or phyline genus. Of the 16 Palearctic Miridae Cicadellidae (HAMILTON & LANGOR 1987). recorded previously from Newfoundland as More than any other area of North Ameri- aliens, the only species in eastern Canada ap- parently restricted to the island is Plagiog- ca, Newfoundland has the largest element of nathus arbustorum; it probably was introduced introduced European plants and separately to the Pacific Northwest and New- (LINDROTH 1957). foundland (SCUDDER & FOOTTIT 2006). SCHUH (2001), noting that the Nearctic dis- Acknowledgements tribution of P. arbustorum has not been ex- tended substantially since its detection in We thank Murray H. Colbo (Depart- British Columbia by KELTON (1982), provid- ment of Biology, Memorial University of ed the first U.S. records based on collections Newfoundland [MUN]) for his help and from the Seattle, Washington, area. The hospitality when E.R.H. and A.G.W. visited record from Newfoundland (Pippy Park in St. St. John’s in 2004 and 2005, David J. Larson John’s) given by BARNES et al. (2000) likely (Maple Creek, SK, Canada; Department of was published after SCHUH (2001) had sub- Biology, MUN, ret.) for sharing his unpub- mitted his manuscript for publication. We lished list of Newfoundland Miridae, and can confirm the establishment of P. arbusto- Peter J. Scott (Department of Biology, rum in St. John’s based on our 2005 collec- MUN) for identifying several plants. We al- tions from Dasiphora floribunda and Malva sp. so are grateful to Michele A. Touchet (Sys- in gardens on the Memorial Universi- tematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ty campus, dioica L. at the university’s Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o Botanical Garden, and mixed herbaceous or- National Museum of Natural History, Wash- namentals in Bowring Park. ington, D.C.) for the digital photographs of The restricted distribution of P. arbusto- mirids, Kent E. Loeffler (Department of rum in Canada contrasts with that of anoth- Plant Pathology, Cornell University) for er introduced mirid, the orthotyline Melan- preparing the maps, and Peter H. Adler otrichus flavosparsus. Newfoundland can be (Department of Entomology, Soils, and added to the range of the latter species, Plant Sciences, Clemson University), John which SCUDDER & FOOTTIT (2006) noted W. Brown, and Gary L. Miller (SEL) for sug- had become essentially transcontinental in gestions that improved an early draft of the Canada. manuscript.

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This research was supported, in part, by BLATCHLEY W.S. (1926): Heteroptera or True Bugs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experi- Eastern North America. — Nature Publ. Co., Indianapolis, Ind: 1-1116. ment Station federal formula funds, Project No. NYC-139413 to E.R.H., received from BROWN W.J. (1940): Notes on the American distri- bution of some species of Coleoptera com- Cooperative State Research, Education, and mon to the European and North American Extension Service, U.S. Department of continents. — Can. Entomol. 72: 65-78.

Agriculture. BROWN W.J. (1950): The extralimital distribution of some species of Coleoptera. — Can. Entomol. 82: 197-205. Zusammenfassung BROWN W.J. (1967): Notes on the extralimital dis- Die beiden paläarktischen Weich- tribution of some species of Coleoptera. — Can. Entomol. 99: 85-93. wanzen Phytocoris longipennis FLOR und Pi- lophorus cinnamopterus (KIRSCHBAUM) wer- BUTLER E.A. (1923): A Biology of the British Het- eroptera. — H.F. & G. Witherby, London: viii + den zum ersten Mal in der Nearktis aus Neu- 1-682. fundland, Kanada, gemeldet. Diagnosen und CARVALHO J.C.M. (1958): Catalogue of the Miridae Beschreibungen beider Arten sollen ihre of the World, Part III. Subfamily Phylinae. — Identifizierung in der Nordamerikanischen Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 47: 1-161.

Fauna ermöglichen. Acht weitere, paläark- CARVALHO J.C.M. (1959): Catalogue of the Miridae tische Weichwanzen werden erstmals für of the World, Part IV. Subfamily Mirinae. — Neufundland gemeldet: Atractotomus mali Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 48: 1-384. (MEYER-DÜR), Melanotrichus flavosparsus COLAUTTI R.I. & H.J. MACISAAC (2004): A neutral ter- minology to define ‘invasive’ species. — Di- (C.R. SAHLBERG), Phytocoris populi LIN- versity Distrib. 10: 135-141. NAEUS, P. ulmi LINNAEUS, Pilophorus clavatus EHANNO B. (1987a): Les Hétéroptères Mirides de (LINNAEUS), Pinalitus rubricatus (FALLÉN), France. Tome II-A: Inventaire et syntheses Plagiognathus vitellinus (SCHOLTZ) und Psal- ecologiques. — Inventaires Faune Flore 40: x lus lepidus FIEBER. Für diese acht Arten wer- + 97-647. den der erste Nachweis und die Verbreitung EHANNO B. (1987b): Les Hétéroptères Mirides de in Nordamerika sowie ihre Biologie zusam- France. Tome II-B: Inventaire Biogeo- mengefasst. Verbreitung, Nahrungspflanzen graphique et Altas. — Inventaires Faune Flo- re 42: ix + 648-1075. und Phänologie aller zehn Arten in der Paläarktis werden zusammengefasst. Jene 33 ETTER H. (1973): Out of a chrysalis, a Wardian case. — Morton Arboretum Quart. 9: 49-55. paläarktischen Weichwanzen, die bisher FINTESCU G.N. (1914): Contributions á la biologie de von Neufundland bekannt sind, werden mit l’Hémiptère “Capsus mali“ (MEYER), (syn. Cap- ihrem ersten Nachweis und dem Status sus magnicornis FALLÉN) Plytocoris [sic] magni- (verschleppt oder “natürlich holarktisch“) cornis (MACQ.), Atractotomus mali (FIEBER), aufgelistet. Mit den zusätzlichen zehn, ver- Capsus plenicornis. — Bucarest Bull. Acad. Româna 3: 132-140. mutlich verschleppten, Arten, besitzt Neu- fundland den höchsten Anteil nicht heimis- FITCH A. (1858): Fourth report on the noxious and other insects of the State of New York. — cher Weichwanzen (28,6 % von 91 Arten) Trans. New York Agric. Soc. 17: 687-814. im Vergleich mit allen kanadischen Prov- FRANK J.H. & E.D. MCCOY (1990): Endemics and epi- inzen. demics of shibboleths and other things caus- ing chaos. — Fla. Entomol. 73: 1-9. References FRIESS T. (2000): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der an Grau-, Grün- und Schwarzerlen (Alnus spp.) vorkom- BARNES D.I., MAW H.E.L. & G.G.E. SCUDDER (2000): menden Heteropteren in Südösterreich Early records of alien species of Heteroptera (Steiermark, Karnten). — Beitr. Entomofau- (Hemiptera: ) in Canada. — J. nistik 1: 57-71. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 97: 95-102. HAMILTON K.G.A. (1983): Introduced and native BENSON R.B. (1962): Holarctic sawflies (Hy- leafhoppers common to the Old and New menoptera: Symphyta). — Bull. Brit. Mus. Worlds (Rhynchota: : Cicadelli- (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 12: 379-409. dae). — Can. Entomol. 115: 473-511.

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STONEDAHL G.M. (1983): New records for Palearctic WHEELER A.G. Jr. & E.R. HOEBEKE (1990): Psallus lep- Phytocoris in western North America idus FIEBER, piceicola KNIGHT, and (Hemiptera: Miridae). — Proc. Entomol. Soc. latifrons KNIGHT: new records of Wash. 85: 463-471. plant bugs in eastern North America (Het- eroptera: Miridae). — J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. STONEDAHL G.M. (1988): Revision of the mirine 98: 357-361. genus Phytocoris FALLÉN (Heteroptera: Miri- dae) for western North America. — Bull. WHEELER A.G. Jr. & E.R. HOEBEKE (2001): A history of American Mus. Nat. Hist. 188: 1-257. adventive insects in North America: Their pathways of entry and programs for their de- STONEDAHL G.M. (1990): Revision and cladistic analysis of the Holarctic genus Atractotomus tection. — USDA-APHIS: Detecting and moni- toring invasive species. Proc. Plant Health FIEBER (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). — Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist. 198: 1-88. Conf. 2000 Oct. 24-25, Raleigh, NC, USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science & STRAWIŃSKY K. (1964): Zoophagism of terrestrial Technology, Raleigh: 3-15. Hemiptera-Heteroptera occurring in Poland. — Ekol. Polska (A) 12: 429-452. WHEELER A.G. Jr. & E.R. HOEBEKE (2004): New records of Palearctic Hemiptera (, Ci- TODO Y. & T. YASUNAGA (1996): The plant bugs col- cadomorpha, Heteroptera) in the Canadian lected on (Salix spp.) in Hokkaido, Maritime Provinces. — Proc. Entomol. Soc. Japan [in Japanese, English summary]. — Ros- Wash. 106: 298-304. tria 45: 41-50. WHEELER A.G. Jr. & E.R. HOEBEKE (2005): Livilla varie- UHLER P.R. (1886): Check-List of the Hemiptera Het- gata (LÖW) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyll- eroptera of North America. — Brooklyn Ento- idae) new to North America, with records of mological Society, Brooklyn, NY: iv + 1-32. three other Palearctic psyllids new to New- VAN DUZEE E.P. (1917): Catalogue of the Hemiptera foundland. — Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 107: of America North of Mexico, Excepting the 941-946. Aphididae, and Aleurodidae. — WIRTNER P.M. (1904): A preliminary list of the Univ. California Publ., Tech. Bull., Entomol. 2: Hemiptera of western Pennsylvania. — Ann. xvi + 1-902. Carnegie Mus. 3: 183-232. VINOKUROV N.N. (1979): Heteroptera of Yakutia. — ZSCHOKKE T. (1922): Ueber das Steinigwerden der Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 123: 1-232 [in Birnen und über Missbildungen an Obst- Russian; English translation, 1988, by B.R. früchten. Mit biologischen Notizen und Ab- Sharma, Amerind Publishing, New Delhi:1- bildungen über Capsiden, welche als 328]. Schädlinge an den Obstbäumen beobachtet WAGNER E. (1974a): Die Miridae HAHN, 1831, des und gesammelt wurden. — Landwirtsch. Mittelmeerraumes und der Makaronesischen Jahrb. Schweiz 36: 575-593. Inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), Teil 1. — En- tomol. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 37 Suppl. (1970-1971): ii + 1-484. Address of the Authors: WAGNER E. (1974b): Die Miridae HAHN, 1831, des Mittelmeerraumes und der Makaronesischen Alfred G. WHEELER Inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), Teil 2. — En- Department of Entomology, Soils, and tomol. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 39 Suppl. Plant Sciences (1973): ii + 1-421. Clemson University WAGNER E. & H.H. WEBER (1964): Hétéroptères Miri- Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0315 dae. — Faune de France 67: 1-591. U.S.A. WHEELER A.G. Jr. (1979): A comparison of the plant- bug fauna of the Ithaca, New York area in E-Mail: [email protected] 1910-1919 with that in 1978. — Iowa State J. Thomas J. HENRY Res. 54: 29-35. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI WHEELER A.G. Jr. (2000): Predacious plant bugs Agricultural Research Service (Miridae). — In: SCHAEFER C.W. & A.R. PANIZZI (Eds): Heteroptera of Economic Importance. U.S. Department of Agriculture CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL: 657-693. c/o National Museum of Natural History

WHEELER A.G. Jr. (2001): Biology of the Plant Bugs Smithsonian Institution (Hemiptera: Miridae): Pests, Predators, Op- Washington, DC 20560-0168 U.S.A. portunists. — Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY: E-Mail: [email protected] xv + 1-507.

WHEELER A.G. Jr. & T.J. HENRY (1992): A Synthesis of E. Richard HOEBEKE the Holarctic Miridae (Heteroptera): Distribu- Department of Entomology tion, Biology, and Origin, with Emphasis on Cornell University North America. — Thomas Say Foundation Monograph XV, Entomological Society of Ithaca, New York 14853-2601 U.S.A. America, Lanham, MD: v +1-282. E-Mail: [email protected]

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