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UNIQUE MOTIFS IN BRAZILIAN SCIENCE FICTION Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Dunbar, David Lincoln, 1937- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 05:05:09 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289377 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Paga(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the pap in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University iSicrofilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 76-19,725 DUNBAR, David Lincoln, 1937- UNIQUE MOTIFS IN BRAZILIAN SCIENCE FICTION. The University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1976 Literature, Latin American Xerox University Microfilms , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 UNIQUE MOTIFS IN BRAZILIAN SCIENCE FICTION by David Lincoln Dunbar A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by David Lincoln Dunbar entitled Unique Motifs in Brazilian Science Fiction be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ssertation BTrector After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:'" / £ ') ~7 This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED to Carol iii PREFACE It was with great excitement (and some fear) that I departed for Brazil in June of 1972. At the request of Dr. Leo Barrow, I went to Brazil to continue the research on my dissertation, to gather data not available in this country and to interview several of the Brazilian science fiction writers, critics, and publishers. Armed with enthusiasm, determination, and a tape recorder I arrived at Sao Paulo. The immensity of the metropolis and of the task before me was nearly overwhelming. How was I to locate a few science fiction aficionados in a city of eight million people? Fortunately, Dr. Barrow, on one of his trips to Brazil, had made the acquaintance of a well-known poet and science fiction enthusiast, Andrd Carneiro. This one contact proved to be the key to a very successful period of investigation. With Carneiro's help, I was privileged to interview such recognized writers as Rachel de Queiroz, Ruy Jungmann, Orfgenes Lessa, Rubens Teixeira Scavone, Fausto Cunha (writer-critic), Moacir Lopes (writer-publisher), and Dinah Silveira de Queiroz. (I had the good fortune of meeting Dinah's husband, Mr. Castro Alves, Brazil's Secretary of Foreign Affairs.) I also visited and interviewed in the home of Terezinha Monteiro Deutsch, daughter of the late Jerdnymo Monteiro. (He is con sidered by many to be the "Father" of Brazilian science fiction.) iv V Present for the interview was Nilson Martello, a science fiction short story writer. (Writers who could not attend the interview because of illness or previous commitments were Ney Morais, Cldvis Garcia, and Walter Martins.) Three men who were extremely helpful in presenting a fresh and insightful view into the difficulties involved in publishing science fiction in Brazil were Gumercindo R. Ddrea, "o maior e melhor edit6r de science fiction no Brasil" according to Andr£ Carneiro; Jose Sanz, prolific translator and outspoken critic of science fic tion; Benedicto Luz e Silva, writer, critic, and publisher. I am indebted to them for their help and their candid observations and comments. These contacts were made possible through the very kind help and interest of Andre Carneiro. His unique personality has endeared him to many, while his literary works have won him fame and recogni tion. The name "Andre Carneiro" opened many doors for me. Andre, owner of a small hardware store in Atibaia and an advertising promoter for a coffee company (few writers in Brazil live solely from their writings), is one of Brazil's most ardent 'converts' to science fiction. Even his home reflects his devotion to the genre. It contains several three-dimensional science fiction wall hangings which he created. He has written science fiction in the novel, the short story, and uniquely, in poetry. I would like to include in this preface an example of Andre's science fiction verse as a tribute to this very warm, generous, sensitive, and talented friend. The following poem vi clearly reflects one of Andre's leitmotifs, that is,afuture in which' all sexual taboos have vanished, a theme he so ably presents in his yet unpublished science fiction novel, "Piscina Livre." DIA DO AMOR UNIVERSAL Na praga das £rvores casais passeavam a sombra. Nos bancos pneumaticos os labios se uniam bragos nas espaduas nadegas ao vento. Como urn pote de mel o ar se dissolvia na relva vibrava na floresta dos pubis entrelagados. Dia do amor universal. As mulheres se cobriam de orqufdeas, petunias, essencias magneticas. Dia da eregao livre, os homens camin'navam como pontos^oblfquos de exclamagao. As mulheres abriam as coxas de veludo como ninhos de ternura. 0 perfume da posse deslisava nas pragas. Meninos e meninas corriam empinando falus gigantes com seus prepucios coloridos dansando a espectativa do amor. A nua juventude olhos pisados soltavam risos quando os caminhos se perdiam na flacidez da satisfagao completa. P&ssaros apostavam nuvens em milhoes de posses. Na cidade, nos campos, na praga das 5rvores longas o amor explodia em respiragoes contidas. Ex£rcito, polfcia, ha muitos sdculos tinham desaparecido. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT . ix 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 2. UNIQUE MOTIFS IN BRAZILIAN SCIENCE FICTION ........ 30 Carioquismo (Brasilidade) 34 Sex in Brazilian Science Fiction 37 Birth and Motherhood 45 Birth of Christ 49 Mythology in Brazilian Science Fiction 54 3. LITERARY AND ARTISTIC QUALITIES 59 Style 59 Lexicon 63 Brazilian Science Fiction: The Sensual Atmosphere .... 65 Poetic Quality of Brazilian Science Fiction 70 Point of View 74 Science Fiction Characters 80 Echoes of Past Literature 83 4. MAN AND INNER SPACE . : 89 5. HUMOR 110 Humorous One-Liners Ill Humorous Stories 113 Satire 116 Irony 128 CONCLUSION 133 APPENDIX: LIST OF SCIENCE FICTION STORIES AND NOVELS CONSULTED 139 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 144 vii i ABSTRACT There was a flurry of publication in Brazil during the 1960s in the science fiction genre, primarily in the short story. The interest in the genre can be attributed to the U. S. space program, to foreign science fiction in translation, to some very fine science fic tion films, and to Gumercindo R. Ddrea, a publisher who was dedicated to making the genre accepted, and even popular. Science fiction is read primarily by university students and the educated. The average Brazilian reads very little other than magazines. Brazilian science fiction tends to be psychological and symbolical rather than scientific and technological.