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Especies De Phasmatodea Y Mantodea Depositadas En La Colección Entomológica De La Universidad Autónoma De Aguascalientes (Uaa)

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Especies De Phasmatodea Y Mantodea Depositadas En La Colección Entomológica De La Universidad Autónoma De Aguascalientes (Uaa) ESPECIES DE PHASMATODEA Y MANTODEA DEPOSITADAS EN LA COLECCIÓN ENTOMOLÓGICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE AGUASCALIENTES (UAA) Jaime Escoto-Rocha, Jaime Antonio Escoto-Moreno y Felipe Tafoya. Colección Zoológica, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, CP 20131, México. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. RESUMEN. Los estudios taxonómicos en las colecciones científicas han recobrado hoy en día una singular importancia debido al acelerado deterioro de los ecosistemas. Afortunadamente en muchos de los casos existe material biológico en las Colecciones Zoológicas que solo requiere de ser estudiado y organizado. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las especies de insectos de los órdenes Phasmatodea y Mantodea que están resguardadas en la Colección Entomológica del Departamento de Biología de la UAA, así como obtener información de su área geográfica de procedencia. Dicho material se limpió, identificó, etiquetó y conservó en muebles entomológicos tanto en seco como en líquido. Se identificaron 10 especies, cuatro del orden Phasmatodea: Diapheromera covillea, Pseudosermyle strigata, P. tridens y Parabacillus coloradus; y seis de Mantodea: Yersinia mexicana, Stagmomantis limbata, S. montana sinaloae, S. tolteca, Pseudovates paraensis y Oligonicella scudderi. Palabras clave: Phasmatodea, Mantodea, Colecciones Entomológicas, Aguascalientes. Species of Phasmatodea and Mantodea deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes (UAA) ABSTRACT. Taxonomic studies in scientific collections have recently regained importance, due to the accelerated deterioration of ecosystems. Fortunately, in many of the cases, there is biological material that only needs to be studied and organized. The objective of the present study was to know the insect species from orders Phasmatodea and Mantodea sheltered in the Entomological Collection of the Biology Department in the UAA, as well as obtaining the information regarding its geographic origin. The material was cleaned, identified, labeled and preserved using the proper entomological methods, both liquid and dry. Ten species were identified, four from the order Phasmatodea: Diapheromera covillea, Pseudosermyle strigata, P. tridens and Parabacillus coloradus; and six from Mantodea: Yersinia mexicana, Stagmomantis limbata, S. montana sinaloae, S. tolteca, Pseudovates paraensis and Oligonicella scudderi. Key words: Phasmatodea, Mantodea, Entomological Collections, Aguascalientes. Introducción El deterioro que últimamente se ha observado en las diversas áreas geográficas, respecto a los recursos naturales, incluidos los insectos, debido a su sobreexplotación por el hombre, ha obligado a reflexionar y revalorar la importancia que tienen las colecciones científicas. Ya que éstas representan un respaldo científico muy valioso por el material que protegen, permitiendo conocer muchas especies que ya no se encuentran más en los sitios en donde antes habitaban. El resguardo y registro de ejemplares que se tenga en una colección es muy importante en estos casos, ya que solo así se puede conocer que especies habitaron dichas áreas y en su caso optar por nuevas formas de manejo de los recursos en las que aún se conservan o en determinados casos emprender la restauración en otras. El orden Phasmatodea, incluye a los insectos llamados palitos que caminan, zacatones, insectos palo o fásmidos. Triplehorn y Johnson (2005) indican que las especies del continente americano tienen el cuerpo alargado, con las patas largas y delgadas, usualmente con tarsos de 5 segmentos, con alas reducidas o complemente ausentes. Algunas formas tropicales son de cuerpo aplanado y expandido lateralmente (por lo menos tienen las alas posteriores bien desarrolladas), y tienen un notable parecido con las hojas. Los fásmidos tienen los cercos cortos unisegmentados; 1537 el ovipositor es corto y oculto. Son insectos fitófagos de movimientos lentos y usualmente se localizan en árboles y arbustos. Muchos fásmidos tienen la capacidad de emitir una substancia maloliente a partir de glándulas torácicas, de función defensiva. A diferencia de otros insectos tienen la capacidad de regenerar las patas perdidas, por lo menos parcialmente. Normalmente no son tan numerosos como para causar daño a los cultivos. Tienen una generación anual, a menudo sus huevos eclosionan hasta el segundo año, esta es la razón por la que son abundantes en años alternos. Existen más de 2,500 especies, algunas de ellas partenogenéticas, muy diversificadas en el mundo que se incluyen en cuatro familias: Timemidae, Heteronemiidae, Pseudophasmatidae y Phasmatidae (Bragg, 2007, 2008). Mantodea por su parte incluye insectos conocidos como mantis o campamochas, de movimientos sigilosos que son depredadores muy atractivos como grupo, pero poco colectados y escasamente representados en las colecciones. Svenson y Whiting (2004) mencionan que forman un grupo monofilético, esto fundamentado en la presencia de patas anteriores prénsiles, postclipeo bien definido, proyecciones cerca del ápice de los fémures anteriores, pérdida del dentículo proventricular y la fusión de los neurómeros II y III abdominales. Triplehorn y Johnson (2005) señalan que también se caracterizan por presentar en general cuerpo alargado más o menos cilíndrico aunque algunas especies tropicales tienen expansiones amplias en el tórax y en las patas. La cabeza tiene una gran movilidad, el protórax y las coxas anteriores están considerablemente alargadas, sus patas anteriores están modificadas para la prensión ya que presentan sus fémures y tibias con bordes armados de fuertes espinas y perfectamente adaptados para capturar a sus presas; usualmente aguardan a sus presas con las patas anteriores levantadas. Los mántidos invernan en estado de huevo los cuales son depositados en ootecas que adhieren a ramitas, cada ooteca puede contener 200 o más huevecillos. Existen cerca de 2,500 especies descritas a nivel mundial según Agudelo et al. (2007), la fauna Paleártica está representada por las familias Amorphoscelidae, Eremiaphilidae, Empusidae y Mantidae que es la que incluye a la mayoría de las especies reportadas para Norteamérica (30 especies). El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer las especies de insectos de los órdenes Phasmatodea y Mantodea de la Colección Entomológica del Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, así como su área geográfica de procedencia. Materiales y Método Este estudio se realizó en el área de procesamiento de material de la Colección Zoológica del Departamento de Biología de la U.A.A., efectuándose actividades como la separación y limpieza de ejemplares de los órdenes Phasmatodea y Mantodea (51 y 174 ejemplares respectivamente), depositados en la Colección Entomológica del Departamento de Biología de la U.A.A., valorando su estado físico y reblandeciendo aquellos ejemplares que estaban mal en su proceso de montaje, uniformizado y etiquetado. La identificación del material recolectado a nivel genérico y específico se realizó al microscopio óptico y estereoscópico apoyada en literatura especializada como: Agudelo et al. (2007); Arment (2006); Blatchley (1920a y 1920b); Bragg (2007, 2008); Brunner et al. (1900-1909); Caudell (1903); Cerdá (1996); Erhmann y Kocak (2009); Gurney (1950); Peck y Beninger (1989); Redtembacher (1906); Rehn (1935a, 1935b); Salazar (2006); Saussure et al. (1893-1899); Scudder (1986) y Westwood (1859). La corroboración de la identificación a nivel específico se confió al Dr. Oskar Conte (Miembro del grupo de estudio de fásmidos del Müncher Entomologischen Geselllschaff de Alemania y Colaborador de la Sociedad de Orthopterist´s), especialista de Phasmatodea; Dr. Antonio A. 1538 Agudel (Entomólogo del Instituto Nacional de Pesqisas da Amazonia-INPA de Mandus, Brasil), especialista en Mantodea y el Dr. Kdi Shütte (Curador Entomólogo del Animal and Conservation Biozentrum Grindel de Alemania y del Museo de Zoología de Hamburg), especialista en Mantodea. Resultados y Discusión Este trabajo aporta el conocimiento de 10 especies ubicadas en 7 géneros y 3 familias. Cuatro especies del orden Phasmatodea: Diapheromera covillea, Pseudosermyle strigata, P. tridens y Parabacillus coloradus; y seis especies de Mantodea: Yersinia mexicana, Stagmomantis limbata, S. montana sinaloae, S. tolteca, Pseudovates paraensis y Oligonicella scudderi (Cuadro 1). Cuadro 1. Órdenes, familias y especies de insectos determinados en la Colección Entomológica del Departamento de Biología de la UAA. Orden Familia Especie Diapheromera covillea Rehn and Hebard 1909. Diapheromeridae Pseudosermyle strigata (Scudder, 1900). PHASMATODEA Pseudosermyle tridens (Burmeister, 1838). Heteronemiidae Parabacillus coloradus (Scudder, 1893). Yersinia mexicana Saussure, 1859. Stagmomantis limbata Hahn, 1835. Stagmomantis montana sinaloae Rehn, 1935. MANTODEA Mantidae Stagmomantis tolteca Saussure, 1861. Pseudovates paraensis Saussre, 1871. Oligonicella scudderi Saussure, 1870. Lo anterior concuerda por lo señalado por Bragg (2007) respecto a la distribución geográfica de los Phasmatodea para Norteamérica. En la familia Diapheromeridae la especie Diapheromera covillea procede de la Paz, Baja California Sur, mientras que Pseudosermyle striata tiene ejemplares del municipio de Calvillo, Aguascalientes y de Encarnación de Díaz, Jalisco. Pseudosermyle tridens por su parte solo está representada por ejemplares de los municipios
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