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Universal Egoism in Ethics DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Get Over Your Self: Universal Egoism in Ethics DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Philosophy by Louise Marie Kleszyk Dissertation Committee: Professor Martin Schwab, Chair Professor David W. Smith, Chair, Professor Aaron James. 2015 © 2015 Louise Marie Kleszyk DEDICATION To all the others-- the ones I recognize and the ones I am learning to recognize. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv CURRICULUM VITAE v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Resources of the Phenomenological-existential Tradition 20 CHAPTER 2: Identity Arguments and Their Limits 72 CHAPTER 3: Alterity Arguments and their Limits 88 CONCLUSION: The Death of Ethics 116 BIBLIOGRAPHY 120 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express thanks to Martin Schwab for allowing me wide breadth with my dissertation topic and research. His openness and receptivity have allowed me to pursue a dissertation that has challenged me as much as it has been a process of challenging the traditional discourses in Western Ethics. Additionally, I express appreciation to David W. Smith, whose willingness to recognize commonality with others is an inspiration in a field where so many focus only on difference. Thank you also to Aaron James. His rigor and attention help to bring order and clarity to a radically different and obscured approach to philosophy. iv CURRICULUM VITAE Louise Marie Kleszyk 2010- 2015 University of California, Irvine. Ph.D. program in Department of Philosophy, 2007-2010 University of California, Irvine. M.A. in Philosophy. 2002-2006 Hamline University. B.A. in Philosophy w/ Certificate of Proficiency in German. -
Habermas, Taylor, and Connolly on Secularism, Pluralism, and the Post-Secular Public Sphere
Article Habermas, Taylor, and Connolly on Secularism, Pluralism, and the Post-Secular Public Sphere Spyridon Kaltsas Department of Political Science and Public Administration, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 78 Athens, Greece; [email protected] Received: 17 June 2019; Accepted: 31 July 2019; Published: 1 August 2019 Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to explore and understand the relationships between secularism, pluralism, and the post-secular public sphere in the thought of Jürgen Habermas, Charles Taylor, and William Connolly. The three authors develop a thorough critique of secularism which implies a radical break with the dogmatic idea of removing religion from the public sphere. My main objective is to show that this critique is related to a normative understanding of our post- secular situation and requires a rethinking of the boundaries of the public sphere in relation to the predicament of pluralism. Arguing against the post-metaphysical conception of secularism, Taylor develops a critique of Habermas’s “institutional translation proviso”, and Connolly stresses the agonistic dimension of the post-secular public sphere. I take these criticisms into account, while arguing that Taylor and Connolly are unable to provide a sound basis for the legitimacy of our institutional settings. In contrast to Taylor and Connolly, I propose a reading of Habermas’s theory based on the internal relationship between universal justification and the everyday contexts of pre- political solidarity. I conclude with a focus on the need to take into account the agonistic dimension of the post-secular public sphere. Keywords: post-secular society; secularism; public sphere; pluralism; legitimation; ethics of citizenship; Jürgen Habermas; Charles Taylor; William Connolly 1. -
A Study of the Biblical Worldview of K-12 Christian School Educators
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Liberty University Digital Commons A STUDY OF THE BIBLICAL WORLDVIEW OF K-12 CHRISTIAN SCHOOL EDUCATORS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education Liberty University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education by Mark Kelly Wood October 2008 ii A Study of the Biblical Worldview of K-12 Christian School Educators by Mark Kelly Wood APPROVED: COMMITTEE CHAIR Ellen Lowrie Black, Ed.D. COMMITTEE MEMBERS Matthew Towles, Ph.D. Kenneth G. Townsend, Ed.D. CHAIR, GRADUATE STUDIES Scott B. Watson, Ph.D. iii Dedication This study is dedicated to my wife, Janet Fay. Twenty-nine years have come and gone and my love for you has grown each day...each year. I enjoy being with you and want to be with no one more than you. I love our kids, God’s greatest gift to us as a couple, but they can’t hold a candle to your companionship. Even on our worst days—and we both have them—God’s amazing grace keeps us knit tight and weathers the storm. Thank you for saying “yes” 29 years ago, and for the many sunny and occasional rainy days we’ve had and, Lord willing, have yet to come! I love you Janet Fay! iv Acknowledgements The first acknowledgement must always be heavenward, giving thanks to God the Father, Christ the Son and Mediator, and the Holy Spirit who encourages and enlightens. God’s placing me on sabbatical, giving me a time of in-depth study and reflection, even breaking three bones in my ankle so I would sit still and study, all coupled with His assignment of the topic of biblical Christian worldview, was the next best thing to sending me to seminary. -
Moral Relativism and Absolutism 2
Jewish Contemporary Ethics Part 4: Moral Relativism and Absolutism II by Rabbi Dr Moshe Freedman, New West End Synagogue The last article described the The 18th century Scottish philosopher David drawbacks of deriving ethical Hume noted that there is something qualitatively behaviour through reason different between factual observations about alone. Mankind is subjective, the world (‘is’ statements), and prescriptive ethnocentric and biased statements about how individuals ‘ought’ to towards specific vested act. Known as the ‘is-ought fallacy’ or interests. In contrast, the Hume’s guillotine, as Oxford philosopher and Jewish perspective on psychologist Brian Earp puts it: “there is no morality is that God is the objective arbiter of way to reason from facts about the way the human ethical behaviour, the absolute truth of world is, to statements about the way the world which is woven into the reality of creation. should be. You can’t derive values from data”. One might argue that mankind does have the One contemporary attempt to apply scientific capacity to agree on global moral standards, objectivity to secular ethics was suggested by such as the Universal Declaration of Human the American philosopher, neuroscientist and Rights. However, as British philosopher Simon neo-atheist Sam Harris. In his book The Ethical Blackburn puts it, “there will be a little voice Landscape, Harris claims that well-being could saying that we are ‘merely’ imposing our wills on be measured scientifically, such that any given others … it will not silence the relativistic imp on action could be impartially tested for how it our shoulders”. promotes human happiness. -
The Bible, in the Area of Nature and History, Is Full of Mistakes, This Does Not Matter
IVP CLASSICS Escape from Reason Frances A. Schaeffer Clabon Bogan Jr 609.230.5809 [email protected] IVP CLASSICS Escape from Reason Frances A. Schaeffer Clabon Bogan Jr 609.230.5809 [email protected] ESCAPE FROM REASON In Chapter 4, Schaeffer lifts up the idea that because of the inevitable drawing of this” line of despair,” man as man is dead. The “line of despair” was Schaeffer’s way of addressing the loss of antithesis in American culture led to giving up all hope of achieving a rational unified answer to knowledge and life. He believed that we simply have mathematics, particulars, and mechanics by which man has no meaning, purpose, nor significance. • Thus, he considered the works of men like Sartre and Camus, Jaspers, Heidegger, and Huxley as anti-philosophies. • He even denounces Kierkegaard and Tillich with their “leap theologies,” which attempt to keep religion weighed down with the non-rationality and anti- philosophies below the line of despair. ESCAPE FROM REASON Schaeffer outlines what he believes the various steps leading below the line of despair, beginning with the German philosopher, Georg William Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) who became the first man to open the door into the line of despair. Hegel taught, that philosophically we have a thesis, and an opposite antithesis, whose relationship deviated from the horizontal movement of cause and effect and became a synthesis through dialectical thinking. Dialectical thinking is a form of analytical reasoning that pursues knowledge and truth as long as there are questions and conflicts. The most modern uses of the dialectical paradigm are through the "Socratic Method," which sometimes can be essentially abused. -
Christian and Secular Ethics: a Distinct Relationship
International Journal of Philosophy and Theology September 2014, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 75-91 ISSN: 2333-5750 (Print), 2333-5769 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijpt.v2n3a6 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijpt.v2n3a6 Christian and Secular Ethics: A Distinct Relationship Miltiadis Proios1 & Ioannis M. Proios1 Abstract Ethics is a concept used by people in everyday life. Apart from ethics existing in the wider social environment (secular ethics), another form of ethics found in a specific environment has been supported, that of Christian Ethics. While secular ethics has been studied quite intensely through a variety of theories, the issue of Christian Ethics especially within the framework of Orthodox Church did not evoke strong interest. The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a distinct relationship among the two forms of ethics (secular and Christian). This relationship was studied through the theoretical framework of cognitive-developmental theory. The findings of the present study support the fact that the course of Christian ethics growth presents similar characteristics to that of secular ethics. Additionally, Christian ethics, via a proper preparation could constitute an evaluative measure for people. Keywords: Moral, Christian ethics, Cognitive growth, Moral perfection Introduction Christian ethics, as part of the wider concept of ethics, is a new scientific field that studies proper human behavior. This results into a number of questions, such as what “Christian ethics” exactly is as a spiritual practice or whether it is identical or totally different from moral philosophy (Green, 1978; Gustafson, 1998; Lovin & Reynolds, 1985; Reeder, 1998; Schweiker, 2005; Stout, 1998). -
Finding Parallels Between Jain
FINDING PARALLELS BETWEEN JAIN PHILOSOPHY AND SARTREAN EXISTENTIALISM: RECOGNISING THE RICHNESS OF ANCIENT SOUTH ASIAN RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY AGAINST DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY by JAHNAVI KOTHARI PROFESSOR ANDREW AISENBERG PROFESSOR DANIEL MICHON SUBMITTED TO SCRIPPS COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN HUMANITIES: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES APRIL 26, 2019 Acknowledgements I would like to extend my immense gratitude to my thesis readers: Professor Aisenberg and Professor Michon. Professor Michon, thanks to your Hinduism course in my first semester of college, I decided to be a Religious Studies Major. Since then, my academic interests have always revolved around the intersection of culture and religious philosophy. And of course, a big thank you for all your help with citation and all things related to formatting. Professor Aisenberg, thank you for your course on the History and Philosophy of Culture. Through that, I became interested in finding connections between Western scholarship and South Asian religious philosophies. I could not have asked for a more supportive and caring academic adviser (I’m going to miss our never-ending conversations about Paris). While I was initially intimidated by the ambitious nature of my thesis, the mentorship, guidance and encouragement of my readers helped me channel my ideas constructively. I would like to thank my former academic adviser Professor Marina Pérez de Mendiola. Although I never had the privilege of taking a class with you, thank you for adopting me as one of the many advisees lucky to have been nurtured by your mentorship. My time at Scripps would be incomplete without our early morning meetings, which evolved into conversations in French over the years, where you always encouraged my academic pursuits and fostered an interest in post-colonial and cultural theory. -
SHAKESPEARE's EXISTENTIALISM CHARLOTTE KEYS Royal
SHAKESPEARE’S EXISTENTIALISM CHARLOTTE KEYS Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Thesis DECLARATION OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Charlotte Keys 2 ABSTRACT This thesis undertakes a fundamental reappraisal of Shakespeare's existentialism. The drama of Shakespeare and existentialist philosophy, I contend, are equally fascinated by issues such as inwardness, authenticity, freedom, and self-becoming. In recent years, Shakespearean criticism has shied away from these fundamental existentialist concerns reflected in his drama, preferring to investigate the historical and cultural conditioning of human subjectivity. However, as this thesis argues, a failure to acknowledge and address the existential problems and intensities at the heart of Shakespeare’s plays prevents a full appreciation of both the philosophical and the theatrical dimensions of his drama. This thesis treats Shakespeare as existentialism’s prolific precursor, as a writer who experimented with existentialist ideas in his own distinctive theatrical and poetic terms long before they were fully developed in the philosophical and literary terms of the twentieth century. The introductory chapter of this thesis provides a preliminary sketch of existentialist thought and surveys the influence of existentialism on readings of Shakespeare. This paves the way for the second chapter, which offers a historical account of the inception of existentialist thought in the early modern period. By identifying existentialist concerns and ideas in the work of writers such as Montaigne, Pico, Raleigh, Bacon, Donne and others, I argue that an embryonic form of existentialism was beginning to emerge in the literary, philosophical and religious discourses of the Renaissance. -
Theistic Ethics : Toward a Christian Solution
Scholars Crossing SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations Fall 1999 Theistic Ethics : Toward a Christian Solution David J. Baggett Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Epistemology Commons, Esthetics Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, History of Philosophy Commons, History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons, History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, Other Philosophy Commons, Other Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Baggett, David J., "Theistic Ethics : Toward a Christian Solution" (1999). SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations. 155. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs/155 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THEISTIC ETHICS: TOWARD A CHRISTIAN SOLUTION THE ASBURY THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL provides a scholarly forum for thorou h discussion of issues relevant to Christian thought and faith, and to the nature and J sion of the Church. The Journal addresses those concerns and ideas across the currie.·"IS' lum which interface with Christian thought, life, and ministry. U The primary resource for contributions to The Journalis the Asbury Seminary facul. ty who engage in dialogue with both the roots of our religious heritage and Contem. DAVID J. BAGGETT porary thought Scholars from other academic disciplines and various backgrounds are invited to submit articles for publication. The positions espoused in articles in The Journal do not necessarily represent the views of the editors or of Asbury Theological Seminary. -
The Antichrist As a Guide to Nietzsche's Mature Ethical Theory
The Antichrist as a guide to Nietzsche’s mature ethical theory Paul Katsafanas Draft To appear in Routledge Philosophy Minds: Nietzsche, ed. Paul Katsafanas There’s one thing that’s perfectly obvious about Nietzsche: he’s critical of traditional ethics. His books are full of impassioned attacks on traditional values: he argues that modern morality may be the “danger of dangers” (GM Preface 6); he claims to show that traditional morality undermines life, health, and power (A 6; GM Preface 6; KSA 12:2[190]); he tells us that “the whole of our European morality” is on the verge of “collapse” (GS 343); and he warns us that “the deeper one looks, the more our valuations disappear—meaninglessness approaches!” (KSA 11:25[505]). In passages of this sort, Nietzsche isn’t just complaining about the details of particular ethical theories. True, he thinks the traditional types of moral theory—virtue theories, sentimentalist theories, utilitarian theories, Kantian and rationalist theories—are failures.1 But his critique is more wide ranging: he thinks that many of the concerns and concepts that play central roles in modern ethical life must be rejected. Thus, it’s not just that Kant’s argument for the Categorical Imperative fails (nearly everyone can agree with that); it’s also that the very aspiration for equal consideration, for the equal dignity of persons, for universalization—all of these aspirations, to which the Categorical Imperative is supposed to give expression, are rejected as well.2 Kant and his followers aren’t just wrong in the details, Nietzsche thinks, but also in the ideals and assumptions that motivate their theories. -
Non-Christian Worldviews
NON-CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEWS Presenting the Christian worldview in a thorough and attractive way is, in itself, a powerful apologetic for the Christian faith. The coherency and explanatory power and scope of the Christian worldview speaks for itself, because it explains everything we see and experience in this world. When we compare the Christian worldview to other competing worldviews, its strength is evident. We see that the Christian worldview is more consistent and coherent than these other worldviews. It is also more existentially viable—more livable—than these other worldviews. DEISM The first non-Christian worldview we will examine is deism. This may not seem like a current worldview, although I would content it is, even if it is not called deism by name. Deism became more prevalent in the Age of Enlightenment, particularly in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It seems to have arisen, at least in part, because of two trends: endless disputes over arcane theological points and increased scientific inquiry. The premodern era came before the Age of Enlightenment. Premoderns believed objective truth was found in God and his divine revelation. They were neither unintelligent nor ignorant of all science and mathematics. Very intelligent and educated people lived in this era. But they had a humility with regard to how much human beings could know part from God. The Age of Enlightenment, by contrast, was the birth of the modern era. Moderns believed (and still believe) that objective truth can be acquired through human reasoning and scientific inquiry. Ironically, Christians were the ones who helped advance science and reason. -
A Critical Analysis of Jean Paul Sartre's Existential Humanism with Particular Emphasis Upon His Concept of Freedom and Its Moral Implications
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-1963 A critical analysis of Jean Paul Sartre's existential humanism with particular emphasis upon his concept of freedom and its moral implications. Joseph P. Leddy University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Leddy, Joseph P., "A critical analysis of Jean Paul Sartre's existential humanism with particular emphasis upon his concept of freedom and its moral implications." (1963). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6331. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6331 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JEAN PAUL SARTRE'S EXISTENTIAL HUMANISM WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS UPON HIS CONCEPT OF FREEDOM AND ITS MORAL IMPLICATIONS A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Philosophy in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at Assumption University of Windsor by JOSEPH P.