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Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar. Vol. I

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Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar. Vol. I BUDDHIST HYBRID SANSKRIT GRAMMAR AND DICTIONARY FRANKLIN EDGERTON Sterling Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, Yale University VOLUME I : GRAMMAR 1985 RINSEN BOOK CO. Reprinted from the original edition of 1953, with permission of Yale Univ. Press, London office. ISBN4-653-01245-8 /© Yale Univ. Press REPRODUCED BY RINSEN BOOK COKYOTO 1985 BUDDHIST HYBRID SANSKRIT GRAMMAR AND DICTIONARY VOLUME I: GRAMMAR TO E. TABLE OF CONTENTS OK VOLUME ONE List of Chapters 2. Phonology, consonants .............................................. 15 Assimilation of consonants $ 2 .5 .. ................................... 15 P reface . .................................. X X I Semivowels ‘lost* in triconsonantal clusters $2.17___ 16 Bibliography and abbreviations.................................... XXV eh $ 2 .1 8 ..................................................................................... 16 1. Introduction....................................... 1 kf , k,y, ?, kh § 2.23............................ 16 2. Phonology, consonants............................................. 15 Voiced for voiceless stops §2.28....................................... 17 3. Phonology, vow els..................................................... 23 v for p and m, and for y § 2 .3 0 ..................................... 17 4. S am d h i........................................................................... 32 y for intervocalic stop and vice versa § 2.32 ........... 17 5. N um ber........................................................................ • 38 /' for y and y for / § 2.34 .................................................. 17 6. Gender............................................................................. 39 Aspirates and h §2.35........................................................... 17 7. C ase................................................................................. 42 { for d for Proto-Indie jl (lEy)? §2.38........................ 17 8. a -stem s........................................................................... 48 Domai and dental stops and nasals § 2.39.................... 17 9. d -stem s........................... 61 d (d), /, and r § 2.46............. 18 10. i-stems with i- and /n-stcnis.................................. 69 Prothetic i> § 2 .5 0 .................................................................... 18 11. Feminines in -d and - i ............................................. 84 Sibilants § 2.56 ........................................................................ 19 12. u and <2-stems.............................................................. 85 Nasals and anusvära § 2.64 ................................................ 19 13. r-st e r n s .......................................... 90 Loss of final (rarely internal) nasal § 2.72.................... 20 14. Diphthongal stem s...................................................... 93 Addition of final nasal §.2.74............................................ 20 15. Consonant stem s................................................ 94 Double and single consonants; loss of final consonants 16. s -s te m s ........................................................................... 9(5 §2.77................................................................................... 20 17. n -stem s............................. 99 Consonant, generally initial, doubled after short 18. n /-ste m s......................................................................... 102 vowel § 2.78 .................................................... 21 19. N u m erals ....................................................... 106 Reduction of double to single consonants § 2.84.. 21 20. Personal p ro n o u n s...................................................... 108 Compounds of Skt. nis- § 2.8 6 .......................... 21 21. Generic pronouns....................................................... 114 Forms of dari-, M Indiedass- §2 .8 7 .................. 21 22. Noun suffixes.............................................................. 120 Compounds with Skt. ud- § 2.88........................ 21 23. Noun and verb compounds.................................... 125 Miscellaneous § 2.89 ................................ 22 24. The verb: general remarks......................... 127 Dropping of final consonants §2.90............... 22 25. Person and number.................................................... 129 26. Personal endings.................................... 131 3. Phonology, vowels............................ 23 27. Non-Sanskritic treatment of thematic vowel... 134 'Law of Morac’ § 3.1............................................................ 23 28. Summary classification of non-Sanskritic presents 136 Long vowel for short before consonant cluster § 3.2 23 29. Optative ...................... 141 Long vowel for nasalized vowel § 3.3 .......... 23 30. Imperative..................................................................... 146 Nasalized vowel for short plus double, or long plus 31. F u tu re......................................................... 148 single consonant § 3 .4 ......................................... 23 32. Aorist, or preterite (including imperfect) 153 Short vowel plus double consonant for long plus 33. Perfect............................... 165 single § 3.4a. .................................................. 23 34. Participles, including gerundives............................ 167 Long vowels for short § 3 .5 ....................................... 23 35. G e ru n d .................... ......................... 171 ä for a § 3 .5 ........... ......... 23 36. Infinitive....................................................................... 178 d for final a § 3.6........ 23 37. Voice.................................. 181 6 tor non-final a § 3.9.......................................... 23 38. Stems in aya (e); causative, denominative, etc. 185 for i § 3 .1 2 ............................. ..................................... 24 39. Intensive............................. .1 9 7 t for final i $ 3 .1 4 ............. 24 40. Desiderative....................................................... 198 i for non-final i § 3 .1 7 ........................................ 24 41. Syntactic addenda to the verb 199 fl for u § 3.20 ............................................... 24 42. Constructions with m ä ............................................. 200 ü for final u § 3.21 ......................................... 24 43. Synopsis of verb forms............................................. 204 ü for non-final u § 3.26 ..................................... 24 Short vowels for long § 3.27 .............................................. 24 List of Chapter- subdivisions a for & $ 3 .2 7 ............. 24 a for final & § 3 .2 7 ................................ .............24 P re fac e ..................................................... X X I a for non-final ä $ 3.31........................................ 25 Bibliography and abbreviations.....................................XXV i for I $3.37 ............ 25 1. Introduction ............. 1 i for final i $3.37 ........... 25 Languages used in early Buddhism (1.1 ...................... 1 / for non-final f $ 3.38 ........................................ 25 An 'original language of Buddhism’? § 1.14 ............... 2 u for a §3.44 ..................... 25 Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit $1.33 ................................... 4 Substitution of i, i for e, at $ 3 .4 7 ........ 26 Changes in the course of tradition §1.39................... 6 u, ü for o (and au) §3.51 .............................................. 26 Plan and methods of this work f 1.57 ........................ 9 u for a § 3 .5 7 ........... 26 Sanskrit versus Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit $1.76... 11 u for am § 3.58. .................. 26 The Prakrit underlying BHS $ 1.78.............................. 11 e for i, i § 3.59............................................................. 26 The BHS Lexicon § 1.106......... , .................................... 13 c for aya, ayi and aoi §3.62............ ............................... 27 IX X Table of Contents of Volume One Metrically short e § 3.64...................................................... 27 Nominative §7.13................................................................... 42 e for o (final) § 3.66........................................ 27 Nominative absolute or noininativu.s pendens § 7.13 42 e for ai § 3.67.......................................................................... 27 Nominative for instrumental § 7.1 -I ........................ 43 e (o) = Mlndic e (o) of secondary origin §3.68............ 27 Nominative for ablative § 7.15 ................................ 43 ai by Hypersanskritism for e § 3 .6 9 .............................. 27 Accusative § 7.16 ................................................................... 43 ai, vrddhi for Mlndic i § 3.70........................................... 27 Accusative with nouns and adjcctives verbal in o for ö, chiefly as lengthening of u §3.71,.................... 27 force §7.16.............................................................. 43 o for u before consonant cluster §3.73. ...................... 27 Blend constructions resulting in two accusatives Metrically short o § 3.74................. 27 §7.17................... 43 o for ava § 3.75............ 28 Accusative in precise dating § 7.18 ....................... 43 o for au § 3 .7 8 ............ 28 Accusative of measure §7.19— ............................. 43 0 for final a, m.c. §3.79......................................................
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