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Geology of the Northwest Quarter of the Washington Quadrangle, Missouri

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Geology of the Northwest Quarter of the Washington Quadrangle, Missouri Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1956 Geology of the northwest quarter of the Washington Quadrangle, Missouri James Anthony Martin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Department: Recommended Citation Martin, James Anthony, "Geology of the northwest quarter of the Washington Quadrangle, Missouri" (1956). Masters Theses. 6678. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/6678 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. -((\i~ ."" , ~.......... , GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHWEST QUARTER OF THE WASHINGTON QUADAANGLE, HISSOURI ' . ) BY JAl\fES A. HARTIN A THESIS submitted to the faculty of the SCHOOL OF MINES AND M}.~ALURGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI in partial fulfillment of the work required for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE, GEOLOOY MAJOR Rolla, Missouri 1956 Approved by - ____~_~~....;C~. ---=-~----:~--=--f#---- Associate Professor of Geology u.1WtY ~6I SCHOOL Of MIMES AND METALlURCY. -- fO'~ flO 1 TABU OF CONTENTS Page Introduction .. .. 0 .. .. .. " .. .. .. .. .. .. p 1 Acknowledgements o Q 0 0 P 0 0 ~ o 000 000 0 0 0 0 1 Previous work .. o • • 0 • ~ 0 Q 0 0 ~ q 0 • • 0 0 • Q 0 0 2 Present work 000 0 0 0 0 • 0 Q a • 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 • g • 3 Geography 000 0 000 0 0 000 0 • 0 0 o 0 0 • • 0 .0. 4 Location and size .. .. o ~ • • 000 0 0 0 • 0 000 0 0 " 4 Culture " .. .. " " .. " • • " .. " .. .. " .. .. .. " " .. 5 Physiography 0 .. .. o • • .. • .. .. .. co o . .. .. co .. .. 7 · " " " Regional setting • .. " .. G 0 Q Q P o • .00 • .. " 7 Topography and drainage • o • A • • • .. • .. • " .. .. " .. 8 Stratigraphy .. co co 12 .. .. .. .. " .. .. .. .. .. • • • .. • .. .. • .. .. .. General Statement .. • • 0 • • 0 0 0 • 0 o 0 • 0 0 • . " 12 Ordovician System .. • .. • 000 Q 000 • Q 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 16 Canadian (Lower) Series • 0 • • • • • • • • • • 0 • 0 • 16 Jefferson City formation (unrestricted) o .. 16 .. " " " Previous usage • .. o .. .. .. .. .. o o 0 0 000 " o .. 16 Present usage • • • 0 00. • • 0 0 • • • 0 0 0 17 Application in field mapping • • • 4 000 00" • 17 Distribution .. • .. .. • .. .. co o .. .. • o .. o .. .. 18 Thickness • 0 0 • • • 0 0 • • .0. 000 0 0 • • 18 Lithology • • • • .. • • .. • • • • " • o • 0 0 0 19 26 Paleontology • • • • • • .. • • .. .. .. • .. .. " Stratigraphic relations • • • • • • • 000 000 27 Age and correlation • • 0 • • • • • • • e _ • 0 0 27 Topographic expression • • • .. • .. .. • • • .. .. 28 ii Page Champlain ian (Hiddle) Serie s 0 o Q .. 0 .011 " .. " • 31 St.. Peter sandstone o 0 • 0 ~ 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 31 Previous usage " o 0 0 0 c o 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 31 Present usage • o po. • 000 ~ • • 0 0 0 ~ Q 31 Application in field nmpping • o o .. .. 0 31 " " 0 " 0 Distribution .00 • " Q o .. • 32 .0. 0 . " . Thickness o 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 GO. 0 • 000 33 Lithology • o .00 0 0 • o .. o • 0 0 .0. 33 Paleontology " 0 0 " .. o .. 36 " " " " .. " p " " " Stratigraphic relations o 000 0 36 " " .. " " o " Age and correlation o 000 • 0 0 ~ 0 0 • • 00. 37 Topographic expression Q 0 000 37 " . .. " " " o 40 Joachim formation " • " 0 .0. 0 " " 0 .. " · " . Previous usage • o .. " o • .. 40 • · " " " " " " 0 " " Present usage "."".. 0 0 " " 0 " " • • • " • " 40 Application in field mapping • • " " .. • • " • • 0 40 Distribution • • • 0 0 0 • • • 0 0 41 • • . " " " • Thiclmess o • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • A • 0 42 Lithology ... • • • • • " • • • • • " " • .. II • • 42 Paleontology • • • • • 0 • o o 0 0 0 • 0 • • • · " 46 Stratigraphic relations • • • 0 • 0 o • • .40 47 Age and correlation • • • • • .00 Q 0 0 • 0 • 48 Topographic expression • " • " " " .. 0 • 0 0 o 48 Plattin formation • • • " " " " " " " " o j) a 0 0 0 51 Previous usage • • • " • " 0 • " • • " • " " 0 " 0 51 Present usage " . " " • 0 0 • • • • • • • .00 52 iii Page Application in field mapping " .. 00. .0" 52 Distribution .. .. • 0 0 0 Q 090 • 0 0 0 0 e 52 Thiclmess 000 • 4 Q Q 0 Q • 0 0 0 • 0 Q 0 53 Li thology 0 • .. " .. " " .. " " .. .. " " " " 54 Paleontology 0000 0 4 • 0 Q 000 0 000 59 Stratigraphic relations Q" Q " " • " " " 0 60 Age and correlation "0,, " " .... " 0 0 " Q 61 Topographic expression " " • " " " • 0 " " • 62 Kimmswick formation o 000 0 • • • 0 0 • 0 • 0 65 Previous usage 0 " " " .. " Q " " .. " 0 0 • 0 65 Present usage 0 0 " 0 Q 0 0 0 • 0 " 0 • " " 65 Application in field mapping .. " " " 0 0 Q " 65 Distribution • o 0 ~ 0 0 0 .. .. • 000 0 • 0 65 Lithology and paleontology 0 " 0 " 0 0 0 0 • 66 Stratigraphic relations ,,0".. .. " " 0 .. " 66 Age and correlation .... " ••• " 0 0 • " 67 Devonian System " 0 • Q " Q " 0 • • " 0 0 • " " • " • 68 Upper Erian Series • 0 • 00. _ • a 9 q • 0 • • • 68 Callaway formation Q. 0 0 Q " 0 " 0 " " 0 0 0 68 Previous usage • • • " " • 0 " " .. 0 " 0 " 0 68 Present usage • • • • • • 0 000 0 • • 0 0 68 Applica tion in field mapping • 0 " " " " " " 68 Distribution and thickness • 0 • 4 • 0 • • 0 69 Lithology and paleontology o 0 • 0 000 0 0 69 Stratigraphic relations "..,,",,"" 0 .. 69 Age and correlation ••••• • • • • • " " 70 iv Page Hississippian System " " " " .. .. " 0 " 0 " 0 0 " .. " 0 71 Osagean Series " o .. .. o " .. " 000 o o 0 0 0 . .. 71 Residual cherts o p .. .. Q .. .. " " " .. " " " 71 Pennsylvanian System " " o 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 • 0 0 • 73 Desmoinesian Series o .. " .. .. '" 0 0 0 0 " " " .. .. 73 Cherokee Group 000 0 .. o " .. " .. .. " .. .. " " . 73 Application in field mapping 000 0 00. 0 73 Graydon sandstone " .. " .. • .. o .. o 00. • 0 73 Previous and present usage .. " 73 Lithology and paleontology .. • • • o 0 0 0 74 Age and correlation .... 0 ...... 0 " " ... 74 Cheltenham clay • 0 • " o .. " .. " .. .. " . " 74 Previous and present use o .0 0 .. .. " " " 74 Lithology and paleontology .. " . .. .. " .. 75 Age and correlation • Q o • • • • 0 ~ 0 0 75 Distribution and thickness • • • • • • 0 • 0 76 Stratigraphic relations • • II • • II " .. 0 .. .. 76 Quaternary System o • • • 0 0 D • .00 0 0 • • 0 ~ 0 78 I..oe s so.. " • • .. • • .. • .. .. .. • .. .. • .. .. " 78 Alluvium • • • • • • 0 000 900 Q 0 0 0 ~ 78 Structure " o • .. o .. • " • • • • • 0 • 0 • 0 G 0 ~ 0 .. " co .. 79 Sinks IJ • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • 0 q 0 .00 0 79 Faults .. • • • 0 • • • • • • • • Q • • • • 0 0 • 6 0 80 " " o Joints .. .. .. • 0 • • • • ~ • • o Q .. 0 0 81 • • • • . .. .. .. " Economic Geology .. .. 0 .. " 0 .. .. • • • Q " .. • .. " .. " 0 a .. 82 Fire clay .... 0 .. .. .. • • • " .. .. .. • .. " • • .. • " .. 0 .. 82 v Page Agricultural limestone 0 Q 0 ., 0 p .. " " .. " " .. • " 82 Building stone and road metal co C) Q 0 Q co Q .. " .. " " .. 83 Iron ore 0 ., q C) 0 co 0 " .. " " .. " 83 Sandstone Q 0 I> ., .. .. C> P 83 .. " " " .. " .. " " " " " " • .. " Geologic History 0 ., 0 Q <I 0 41 co 0 " " " .. .. " " " " " " .. 84 Conclusion and summary Q Q 9 0 0 0 Q Q .. " " " " " .. " " .. " " 88 Bibliography Q q <I 0 0 <> I> 0 .. 0 .. 0 ., 0 89 " " " " " .. " " " • " Vita .. Q q 0 Q 0 0 It 0 Q 0 92 .. .. .. " " " " " " " .. .. " " .. " " vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 10 Nomenc l atural History of the Jefferson City • <> 0 15 .. " .. " II.. Nomencl atural History of the St. Pet er sandstone 0 0 0 0 30 III" Location of St .. Pet er sandstone f i llings i n sinks or channels developed in the Jefferson City fonnation ~ 0 0 0 0 0 34 .. • " " • " " .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. Nomenc l atural History of the 0 0 IV" Joachim .. .. • " .. • .. .. 39 Nomenc l atural History of the Plattin 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 50 Vo • " " Nomenclatural History of the Kinunswick 0 64 Vlo • " .. • • " .. .. vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page Location of Washington and surrounding quadrangles 0 0 000 4 Physiographic Divisions of Hissouri 000 0 0 0 000 • 0 0 6 0 0 Generalized colrunnar section • .. • • 0 o 0 0 0 " 0 o • • 14 Plate 10 A. View looking south of the elevated terrace. 0 " " • 11 · " " B. View looking southwest of the dissected uplands " 0 o " 0 11 II. A. Quarry in the Jefferson City formation along the Missouri River bluffs 0 29 • " " " " • " • • .. " .. .. • .. .. • Bo Undulating bedding and solution work in the Jefferson City dolomite along Pepplemeyer Branch .. .. 0 0 29 m.. A. St. Peter sandstone filling a sink in the City formation 0 38 Jefferson • .. " • " .. • • • • .. • .. .. " in Peter sandstone 38 B. Cross bedding the St. .. " • " • • .. .. IVo A. Pitting on the St. Peter sandstone~ with re- 0 0 49 entrants forming along joints 0 " " • .. • • .. " .. • " B. Pitting and solution work on the upper Joachim ledge .. .. 49 Vo A .. Lower face of quarry in the Plattin lim.estone 0 0 0 0 63 showing pitting and jointing .. • " • • • .. " " .. B" Solution channel on dolomitized Platt in 0 .. 0 • • .. • 0 .. 63 a sink structure 77 VI. Ao Graydon sandstone outlining • • • • " .. B. Graydon sandstone overlying the Cheltenham clay • .. • • " 77 vn.. Structure section to accompany geologic map .. .. • " 0 in pocket viii LIST OF HAPS 10 Geologic nffip of the northwest quarter of the Washington quadrangle 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 ~ 0 0 in pocket 1 INTRODUCTION Tnis report presents the results of detailed mapping of the geology of the northwest quarter of the Washington Quadrangle, Missouri" Extensive mappL~g and stratigraphic work have been done in Sto Louis and St" Charles Counties to the east and in Callaway and Boone Counties to the west o These two well studied areas are separated by approximately 45 miles" This study adds geologic information to the area innnediately between the above locations .. In this area a gentle regional dip to the north permits a study of sediments ranging in age from lower Ordovician in the south to late Paleozoic and Pleistocene on the Dissected Till Plains to the northo ACKNOWLEDG»1ENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to Professor Ao Co Spreng who acted as advisor on the thesis and supervised the field work" The Missouri Geological Survey aided financially with field expenses~ and Dr" T" R.
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