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UA35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin WKU Honors Program Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® WKU Archives Records WKU Archives 1985 UA35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin WKU Honors Program Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlsc_ua_records Part of the Agriculture Commons, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Commons, Climate Commons, Counseling Psychology Commons, Earth Sciences Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, Gifted Education Commons, History of Religion Commons, Performance Management Commons, Poetry Commons, Psychiatry and Psychology Commons, Religion Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation WKU Honors Program, "UA35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin" (1985). WKU Archives Records. Paper 3199. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlsc_ua_records/3199 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in WKU Archives Records by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. • • • WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY STUDENT HONORS RESEARCH BULLETIN 1984-85 The Western Kentucky University Student HO'TWT8 Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers are representative of work done by students from throughout the university. TABLE OF CONTENTS "Agriculture and the Development of Malaysia," by Garth Whicker. I presented to Dr. Kenneth Cann. Economics 470. "Rape, Passion. Lechery, Usury, Incest, Murder and other Matters in t 'The Ravenger's Tragedy,''' by Bonnie McGaha. presented to Dr. Hoyt Bowen, English 456-G. "'It was adayofvery general awakening, . ,': Reformation and Revival in Russellville. Kentucky," by Robert Harrison. presented to Dennis Okholm. Religion 431. "An Affirmative Decision for James's Isabel Archer," by Betty King, presented to Dr. Nancy Davis, English 490-G. "Sex Bias in Performance Evaluation of Women," by Joyce Sutton, presented to Dr. Retta Poe, Psychology 499. "Poe's Women," by Doug Logsdon, presented to Dr. Will Fridy, English 391. "Emily Dickinson and Her Puritan Heritage," by Nate Yoder. pre­ sented to Dr. Nancy Davis, English 392. "Jay Haley: A Strategic Approach to Family Therapy and an Applied Illustration of the Process," by Aleen S. Davis, presented to Dr. William Floyd, Home Economics and Family Living 579. "Symbolic Stigmata and Messianic Identification in Hawthorne," by Nancy May, presented to Dr. Will Fridy, English 391. "Malignancy and Its Ravages: A Study of Flem Snopes in Faulkner's The Hamlet," by H. M. Humphreys, presented to Dr. Margaret Bruner, English l02-H. "The Parable of the Friend at Midnight," by Gregory Salyer, presented to Dr. William Lane, Religion 510. "The Relationship of Clouds and Precipitation," by Jim Rasor, pre­ sented to Dr. Michael Trapasso, Geology 424. "Concepts of Artificial Intelligence," by Sandra Bryan, presented to Brad Wilson, Computer Science 446. I ( PREFACE The first Student Honors Bulletin was issued in 1974. The University Honors Program is proud that for more than a decade there has b~Em a publication that collects, edits, and distributes the research papers of our best students. We feel certain that being published in the pages isafirststep toward a career of research. writing and publication for some of these young scholars. The time and effort required to produce the Bulletineach year is certain to be rewarded by their achievements. Let me thank each professor who made a point of encouraging a student tosubmit hisor her paper. And a personal word of gratitude to Dr. Robert Hoyt for his work, as Acting Director. in collecting and organizing this year's set of papers. Preparations for the next edition of the Bulletin have already begun, and I hope that during this year you will look out for good papers to submit for 1985-86. You may contact the Honors Office at 2081 for information. Thisyear, to save money and prevent waste, wearesendingcopiesof the Bulletin to department heads rather than to individual professors. Should anyone who wants a copy fail to get one, or should anyone need additional copies, you may contact the Honors Office. James T. Baker, Director University Honors Program Agriculture and the Development of Malaysia I by Garth Whicker t The Federation of Malaysia is a former British colony located in Southeast Asia on the Malay Peninsula and along the northern coast of Borneo. The country has a tropical climate and abundant rainfall. The population is composed of Indians, Chinese, and the native Malayan peoples with most of the population living on the Malay Peninsula. Malaysia is not a particularly densely populated country especially along the Borneo coast (the states of Sabah and Sarawak). The Malays tend to be the more backward of all the ethnic groups but have control of the government. In that position, they have been able to press for the advancement of the Bumiputras - the natives· often at the expense of the economically dominant Chinese. Malaysia is rich in natural resources. It has large deposits of tin, producing around half of the world's production along with deposits of copper, iron, petroleum and natural gas. The large forests of Malaysia also are a major resource. But agriculture in Malaysia is very important. Malaysia produces around 47% of the world's natural rubber and 46% of the world's palm oiJ.! It is also a major producer of pineapples, pepper, and rice. While Malaysia is developing a sub­ stantial industrial sector, the government has not forgotten agriculture and includes it as a part of its plan to develop the economy. Export agriculture has existed in Malaysia for several centuries. The area was a major spice producer and still produces large quantities of pepper. Early British attempts were made to establish tea and cocoa plantations. Coffee was also introduced. But it wasn't until the introduction of the rubber tree in 1905 that Malaysia's plantation economy came into being. Rubber plantations were first started along the railroads and roads created during the earlier tin boom a few decades before. This was primarily along the coastal plain of western Malay. Labor for the plantations was scarce. Though the increased mechanization of tin mining did release some labor, the plantation owners (primarily British) had to import laborers from India. The Malay natives did not want to work on the plantations due to the poor working conditions on them.2 They tended their own small holdings and were generally economically untouched by the colonial period. The British, during the occupation, maintained and expanded the roads and railroads. They also worked at improving rubber production, 1 2 Dev<lopment 0/ Malaysia Development 0/ Malaysia 3 founding the Rubber Research Institute in the land. They also intro­ continue in its role as an estate holder though. In fact, the government duced the oil palm from West Africa to diversify the economy. The may try to merge other estate firms into Sime Darby. plantations were organized into large firms with names like Guthrie Overall. Sime Darby is unique in that it isn't a truly nationalized I and Sime Darby. Due to the corporate nature of the plantations, it was firm. This enables it and the Malaysian government to do things that relatively easy to collect taxes from the firms to support the main­ they might not ordinarily do. ( tenance of the infrastructure. As a result, when Malaysia became independent, it had a well developed infrastructure in relatively good 1. Because the company retains its independent entity, there is less shape.- pressure to pad the payroll and/or milk the profits for government With independence. the Bumiputras had political control over the expenditures. country. TheChinese. however. had economic control. There were early 2. The company is no longer under the threatof possible nationaliza­ moves by groups of Chinese to takeover the British role in the economy. tion so it can feel free to invest in Malaysia while the government In 1966. Cheam Tehan Siew led a group of Chinese investors in a fight can have the satisfaction of having control. for control of one of the plantation corporations. He suggested that the 3. Valuable connections in the international capital and goods Malaysians should takeover the marketing of rubber instead of "giving markets are maintained. away the activity to London, not to mention the agency and secretarial fees and the commissions." He was of the opinion that London's cut Sime Darby has its origins in its plantations, but ilcan also help push made the plantations less profitable.4 Indeed, Malaysians would like to the industrialization of Malaysia. see the profitable Malaysian estates of such unprofitable firms as Despite its involvement in Sime Darby. the Malaysian government Dunlop split of! and placed under Malaysian control. Why should has in no way forgotten the small landholder. In fact, agricultural Malaysian pro!itssubsidize the mother company against its losses, they policies tend to favor him especially since he is likely to bea Bumiputra. asked.' Malaysia has exerted considerable effort in developing agriculture in Thus, in recent years, the Malaysian government has indirectly been the area of small landholders. Several agencies have been set-up to moving for control o! the country's plantations, While not directly provide for the small farmer. Theencouragementofsmall farms is seen nationalizing the firms, it has been engaged in gaining control over the by the Malaysian government as a remedy for urban unemployment. firms through stock buys using public funds which are placed in equity Indeed public policy seems to indicate the feeling that expanded trusts such as Permodalan Nasional. One of the largest buy-intos was agriculture is a cure-all. Sime Darby, Malaysia's largest estate owner. Despite the control that Official policy seeks to help the small farmer through the develop­ the government has over it now, Sime Darby's western managers have ment of better crops and technology. a developed infrastructure. and been retained to run it.
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